异步电动机变频调速控制策略的研究
摘要
随着新型电力电子器件、智能功率模块的问世,现代控制理论的发展和计算机技术的应用,交流调速技术日新月异,新的控制策略不断涌现,这也使得交流调速开始全面取代直流调速。在交流调速技术中,变频调速以其优异的调速性能、高效节能和广泛的应用范围等优点而被国内外认为是最有发展前途的调速方式。
本论文采用正弦脉宽调制和电压空间矢量脉宽调制的方法,实现了对异步电机的变频调速。
调速系统的控制芯片采用Intel公司专门为电机控制而设计的高性能处理器—80C196MC,利用该处理器中的波形发生器WFG直接用软件产生三相调制波。系统的主电路采用交—直—交拓扑结构,功率器件采用智能功率模块IPM。本文在软件设计中,详细论述了基于80C196MC单片机控制的SVPWM、SPWM的算法构成、波形发生器有关参数计算及相关寄存器设置。SVPWM和SPWM都采用三种方法实现:同步调制、异步调制和分段同步调制。
该系统在一台三相异步电动机上进行了试验调试,实验结果表明:SVPWM调制比SPWM调制时电机电流的谐波小,电压利用率高,电机的高频噪声低。
Along with the appearance of new electronic elements and intelligent power IC, the development of modern control theory and the application of computer technologies, the technology of adjusting speed of AC induction electromotor changes quickly and new control method appears ceaselessly. DC electromotor is replaced by the AC induction electromotor in wide range. The AC variable frequency speed regulation is generally acknowledged by the home and abroad that it has a great future with excellent speed regulation,high efficiency saving energy,extensive scope of application and other merits,
Variable-frequency adjusting-speed for induction motor is implemented by sine pulse width modulation(SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) in this paper.
In this control system, 80C196MC is used as the main high performance microprocessor chip which is produced by Intel company and is special for motor control. Three phase modulating wave is generated by wave form generator in CPU. The AC-DC-AC topological structrue is adopted in main circuit. IPM(Intelligent Power Module) is used as the power device. The algorithm structure of SVPWM and SPWM based on 80C196MC single-chip computer, the relative parameters' calculation and the setting method of some registers of the wave form generator are detailed in this paper.
The design scheme is tested and debugged on an asynchronous motor. The scene results show that lower current harmonic , more efficient use of supply voltage ,lower noise can be achieved by the method of SVPWM than the sine pulse width modulation(SPWM).
本论文采用正弦脉宽调制和电压空间矢量脉宽调制的方法,实现了对异步电机的变频调速。
调速系统的控制芯片采用Intel公司专门为电机控制而设计的高性能处理器—80C196MC,利用该处理器中的波形发生器WFG直接用软件产生三相调制波。系统的主电路采用交—直—交拓扑结构,功率器件采用智能功率模块IPM。本文在软件设计中,详细论述了基于80C196MC单片机控制的SVPWM、SPWM的算法构成、波形发生器有关参数计算及相关寄存器设置。SVPWM和SPWM都采用三种方法实现:同步调制、异步调制和分段同步调制。
该系统在一台三相异步电动机上进行了试验调试,实验结果表明:SVPWM调制比SPWM调制时电机电流的谐波小,电压利用率高,电机的高频噪声低。
Along with the appearance of new electronic elements and intelligent power IC, the development of modern control theory and the application of computer technologies, the technology of adjusting speed of AC induction electromotor changes quickly and new control method appears ceaselessly. DC electromotor is replaced by the AC induction electromotor in wide range. The AC variable frequency speed regulation is generally acknowledged by the home and abroad that it has a great future with excellent speed regulation,high efficiency saving energy,extensive scope of application and other merits,
Variable-frequency adjusting-speed for induction motor is implemented by sine pulse width modulation(SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM) in this paper.
In this control system, 80C196MC is used as the main high performance microprocessor chip which is produced by Intel company and is special for motor control. Three phase modulating wave is generated by wave form generator in CPU. The AC-DC-AC topological structrue is adopted in main circuit. IPM(Intelligent Power Module) is used as the power device. The algorithm structure of SVPWM and SPWM based on 80C196MC single-chip computer, the relative parameters' calculation and the setting method of some registers of the wave form generator are detailed in this paper.
The design scheme is tested and debugged on an asynchronous motor. The scene results show that lower current harmonic , more efficient use of supply voltage ,lower noise can be achieved by the method of SVPWM than the sine pulse width modulation(SPWM).
引文
[1]李华德.交流调速控制系统.电子工业出版社,2003
[2]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.机械工业出版社,1999
[3]付娟.交流调速技术.电子工业出版社,2002
[4]李仁定.电机的微机控制.机械工业出版社,1999
[5]冯垛生,邓则名.电力拖动自动控制系统.广东高等教育出版社,1998
[6]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.机械工业出版社,1999
[7]牛秀岩.电机学.冶金工业出版社,1996
[8]H.W.Vander broek,H.C.Skudely,G.V.Stranke.Analysis And Realization Of Plusewith Modulator Based On Voltage Space Vector.IEEETrans,on IA.1998,vol.24.no.1.
[9]程军.INTEL 80C196单片机应用实践与c语言开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[10]陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术.机械工业出版社,2002
[11]张一工,肖湘宁.现代电力电子技术原理与应用.科学出版社,1999
[12]马小亮.大功率Y_--交变频调速及矢量控制技术.机械工业出版社,2003
[13]周绍英.电力拖动.冶金工业出版社.1998
[14]刘复华.8XC196KX单片机及其应用系统设计.清华大学出版社,2002
[15]吴守箴,臧英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制技术.机械工业出版社,2003
[16]D M Divan,S Bhattacharya &G.Luck-jiff.Design Trade-off in Soft-Switching Inverters,Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Electronics,1992(4):275
[17]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.浙江大学出版社,2002
[18]孙涵芳.INTEL 16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[19]张燕宾.SPWM变频调速应用技术.机械工业出版社,2002
[20]陈坚.电力电子学.高等教育出版社,2002
[21]冬雷,李永东.交流调速技术的发展与应用.电工技术杂志,2002(8):l一3
[22]Texas Instruments,Field Oriented Control 3-Phase AC-Motors.Application report bpra073,Texas Instruments,1998
[23]H G Eckel,L.Sack & K Rascher.ARPC Inverter without Additional Sensor.Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1997,4(9):385
[24]熊健,康勇,张凯,陈坚.电压空间矢量调制与常规s P w M的比较研究.电力电子技术,1 999.2(1):25-28
[25]谢运祥,王新建,薛峰.感应电机磁通轨迹控制法的研究.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,6(6):47-51
[26]凌有铸,刘力.SPWM逆变器的波形生成过程中的问题及对策.安徽机电学院学报,1998,3(1):
[27]金彦亮,刘书明.s P WM在三相电机变频控制中的应用分析.西安电子科技大学学报,2001,4(2):249-253
[28]沈毅,韩瑶香.单片机控制变频调速系统.郑州纺织工学院学报,1998,3(1):45-50
[29]苟加志,包明.浅谈电机调速技术.渝州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,9(3):72-75
[30]何昆.基于DSP的PWM变频调速系统的研究(硕士学位论文).广西大学,2000
[31]刘铁湘.基于DSP的异步电动机变频调速系统研究(硕士学位论文).广东工业大学,2004
[32]黄福恩.基于DSP的矢量控制技术(硕士学位论文).华南理工大学,2003
[33]J S Lai.Fundamentals of a New Family of Auxiliar Resonant Snubber
Inverter.Proceedings of 23rd IEEE-IECON,1997,12(2):645
[34]H Ishikawa & Y Mural.Improvement of Performance a Series Resonant DC Link PWM Inverter.Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference-Nagaoka,1997,1(8):3
[35]D Divan &I Wallance.New Developments in Resonant DC Link Inverters.Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference-Nagaoka,1997,1(8):311
[36]满永奎,韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用.机械工业出版社,1995
[37]三菱电机株式会社.变频器调速使用手册.兵器工业出版社,1992
[38]陈国呈,金东海.采样式PWM调制.电气自动化,1989
[39]李风.异步电动机直接转矩控制.机械工业出版社,1994
[40]李发海,朱东起.电机学.科学出版社,1992
[41]赵葵银,唐勇奇基于Intel 80C196MC 的交流调速控制系统 电子技术 2001,(10):62-64
[42]V Racek,R Kristof &P Flajzik.Properties of Soft-Switched Inverters with Voltage DC Link.Proceedings of Power Conversion Electronics Conference,1997(6):309
[43]江 明 秦卫东 经济型空调专用变频器的研制 电子与自动化 1997,(2):26-28
[44]姜孝华 张光昭 变频空调器用全数字化空间矢量PWM逆变器研究 电力电子技术2000,2(1):14-16
[45]刘汉奎,李国勇,徐殿国,王炎 采用 80C196MC 的三相交流电压调节装置 电气传动自动化2000,8(4):17-21
[46]孔丽 基于87C196MC单片机的变频调速 现代电子技术 1998:26-28
[2]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.机械工业出版社,1999
[3]付娟.交流调速技术.电子工业出版社,2002
[4]李仁定.电机的微机控制.机械工业出版社,1999
[5]冯垛生,邓则名.电力拖动自动控制系统.广东高等教育出版社,1998
[6]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.机械工业出版社,1999
[7]牛秀岩.电机学.冶金工业出版社,1996
[8]H.W.Vander broek,H.C.Skudely,G.V.Stranke.Analysis And Realization Of Plusewith Modulator Based On Voltage Space Vector.IEEETrans,on IA.1998,vol.24.no.1.
[9]程军.INTEL 80C196单片机应用实践与c语言开发.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[10]陈国呈.PWM变频调速及软开关电力变换技术.机械工业出版社,2002
[11]张一工,肖湘宁.现代电力电子技术原理与应用.科学出版社,1999
[12]马小亮.大功率Y_--交变频调速及矢量控制技术.机械工业出版社,2003
[13]周绍英.电力拖动.冶金工业出版社.1998
[14]刘复华.8XC196KX单片机及其应用系统设计.清华大学出版社,2002
[15]吴守箴,臧英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制技术.机械工业出版社,2003
[16]D M Divan,S Bhattacharya &G.Luck-jiff.Design Trade-off in Soft-Switching Inverters,Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Electronics,1992(4):275
[17]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路.浙江大学出版社,2002
[18]孙涵芳.INTEL 16位单片机.北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[19]张燕宾.SPWM变频调速应用技术.机械工业出版社,2002
[20]陈坚.电力电子学.高等教育出版社,2002
[21]冬雷,李永东.交流调速技术的发展与应用.电工技术杂志,2002(8):l一3
[22]Texas Instruments,Field Oriented Control 3-Phase AC-Motors.Application report bpra073,Texas Instruments,1998
[23]H G Eckel,L.Sack & K Rascher.ARPC Inverter without Additional Sensor.Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,1997,4(9):385
[24]熊健,康勇,张凯,陈坚.电压空间矢量调制与常规s P w M的比较研究.电力电子技术,1 999.2(1):25-28
[25]谢运祥,王新建,薛峰.感应电机磁通轨迹控制法的研究.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,6(6):47-51
[26]凌有铸,刘力.SPWM逆变器的波形生成过程中的问题及对策.安徽机电学院学报,1998,3(1):
[27]金彦亮,刘书明.s P WM在三相电机变频控制中的应用分析.西安电子科技大学学报,2001,4(2):249-253
[28]沈毅,韩瑶香.单片机控制变频调速系统.郑州纺织工学院学报,1998,3(1):45-50
[29]苟加志,包明.浅谈电机调速技术.渝州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,9(3):72-75
[30]何昆.基于DSP的PWM变频调速系统的研究(硕士学位论文).广西大学,2000
[31]刘铁湘.基于DSP的异步电动机变频调速系统研究(硕士学位论文).广东工业大学,2004
[32]黄福恩.基于DSP的矢量控制技术(硕士学位论文).华南理工大学,2003
[33]J S Lai.Fundamentals of a New Family of Auxiliar Resonant Snubber
Inverter.Proceedings of 23rd IEEE-IECON,1997,12(2):645
[34]H Ishikawa & Y Mural.Improvement of Performance a Series Resonant DC Link PWM Inverter.Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference-Nagaoka,1997,1(8):3
[35]D Divan &I Wallance.New Developments in Resonant DC Link Inverters.Proceedings of Power Conversion Conference-Nagaoka,1997,1(8):311
[36]满永奎,韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用.机械工业出版社,1995
[37]三菱电机株式会社.变频器调速使用手册.兵器工业出版社,1992
[38]陈国呈,金东海.采样式PWM调制.电气自动化,1989
[39]李风.异步电动机直接转矩控制.机械工业出版社,1994
[40]李发海,朱东起.电机学.科学出版社,1992
[41]赵葵银,唐勇奇基于Intel 80C196MC 的交流调速控制系统 电子技术 2001,(10):62-64
[42]V Racek,R Kristof &P Flajzik.Properties of Soft-Switched Inverters with Voltage DC Link.Proceedings of Power Conversion Electronics Conference,1997(6):309
[43]江 明 秦卫东 经济型空调专用变频器的研制 电子与自动化 1997,(2):26-28
[44]姜孝华 张光昭 变频空调器用全数字化空间矢量PWM逆变器研究 电力电子技术2000,2(1):14-16
[45]刘汉奎,李国勇,徐殿国,王炎 采用 80C196MC 的三相交流电压调节装置 电气传动自动化2000,8(4):17-21
[46]孔丽 基于87C196MC单片机的变频调速 现代电子技术 1998:26-28