基于PSM级联逆变器光伏并网系统的研究
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摘要
随着世界能源枯竭问题日趋严重,可再生能源的发展和应用倍受世界各国的重视。太阳能凭其可再生性和无污染性成为人类开发利用绿色可再生能源的焦点,正由补充型能源走向替代型能源,故光伏并网发电系统是太阳能利用的必然发展趋势。作为光伏并网发电系统的核心部分,逆变器越来越受到学术界和产业界的关注。目前,太阳能电池的电压等级不高,若与高压电网并网,则要增加变压器、DC/DC变换器等中间升压环节,使得并网系统结构复杂、系统可靠性降低。后来出现的级联逆变器可以将太阳能发出的电能直接并于高压电网,从而简化并网系统结构、提高系统可靠性。但是目前级联逆变器存在电路拓扑结构复杂、调制不方便等问题。
脉冲阶梯调制(PSM)技术是阶梯调制(SM)技术和脉宽调制(PWM)技术相结合的一种调制技术,具有电路简单、控制方便等优点,是高压大功率电源系统中重要的调制技术。基于PSM技术的变换器具有更高的连续可调的输出电压、更大的输出功率、高可靠性、高效率等众多优点。若能将PSM技术应用于级联逆变器,则可以解决上述问题。
本文任务是将PSM技术应用于级联逆变器,并将PSM级联逆变器应用于光伏并网系统。本人主要工作:一、详细阐述PSM级联逆变器的工作原理和控制方法,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下设计其仿真电路,通过仿真验证其原理及控制方法的可行性;二、研究PSM级联逆变器光伏并网系统的控制策略,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下设计该并网系统的仿真电路,通过系统仿真验证了其控制策略的可行性和优越性。
With the world's energy sources drying up day by day, the development and application of the reproducible energy sources get much world attention. Solar energy became the focus of human development and utilization new energy sources for its renewable and pollution-free. Now, solar energy is tending towards substitute sources from complementary sources, so photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is the inevitable trend of using solar energy. As its hard core, inverter more and more arrests academe's and industry's attention. At present, voltage scale of solar cell isn't high enough, so it must add some middle taches such as transformer and DC/DC convertor etc in the PV grid-connected system. It makes the system's structure complicated and its reliability lower. Cascaded inverter can directly connect PV cell and high grid-connected. The structure of system was simplified and its reliability was heightened. However, now the structure of Cascaded inverter is complex and its modulation method is inconvenience.
The pulse step modulation (PSM) technology is the combination of the pulse width modulation (PWM) and the step modulation (SM). It is an important technology which is used high-voltage, high-power switching power supply system. If the PSM technology can be used in cascaded inverter, the above problem will be resolved.
This paper's main tasks are operating the PSM technology to cascaded inverter and making the PSM cascaded inverter applied to PV grid-connected system. The main works as follows: Firstly, the principle and the control method of the PSM cascaded inverter are expatiated and analyzed. Secondly, the control policy of the PV grid-connected system based on PSM cascaded inverter is researched and the simulation circuit of the system is designed under MATALEB/SIMULINK circumstance. At last, the advantages of the PSM cascaded inverter and the new system is verified on the result of simulation.
脉冲阶梯调制(PSM)技术是阶梯调制(SM)技术和脉宽调制(PWM)技术相结合的一种调制技术,具有电路简单、控制方便等优点,是高压大功率电源系统中重要的调制技术。基于PSM技术的变换器具有更高的连续可调的输出电压、更大的输出功率、高可靠性、高效率等众多优点。若能将PSM技术应用于级联逆变器,则可以解决上述问题。
本文任务是将PSM技术应用于级联逆变器,并将PSM级联逆变器应用于光伏并网系统。本人主要工作:一、详细阐述PSM级联逆变器的工作原理和控制方法,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下设计其仿真电路,通过仿真验证其原理及控制方法的可行性;二、研究PSM级联逆变器光伏并网系统的控制策略,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下设计该并网系统的仿真电路,通过系统仿真验证了其控制策略的可行性和优越性。
With the world's energy sources drying up day by day, the development and application of the reproducible energy sources get much world attention. Solar energy became the focus of human development and utilization new energy sources for its renewable and pollution-free. Now, solar energy is tending towards substitute sources from complementary sources, so photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is the inevitable trend of using solar energy. As its hard core, inverter more and more arrests academe's and industry's attention. At present, voltage scale of solar cell isn't high enough, so it must add some middle taches such as transformer and DC/DC convertor etc in the PV grid-connected system. It makes the system's structure complicated and its reliability lower. Cascaded inverter can directly connect PV cell and high grid-connected. The structure of system was simplified and its reliability was heightened. However, now the structure of Cascaded inverter is complex and its modulation method is inconvenience.
The pulse step modulation (PSM) technology is the combination of the pulse width modulation (PWM) and the step modulation (SM). It is an important technology which is used high-voltage, high-power switching power supply system. If the PSM technology can be used in cascaded inverter, the above problem will be resolved.
This paper's main tasks are operating the PSM technology to cascaded inverter and making the PSM cascaded inverter applied to PV grid-connected system. The main works as follows: Firstly, the principle and the control method of the PSM cascaded inverter are expatiated and analyzed. Secondly, the control policy of the PV grid-connected system based on PSM cascaded inverter is researched and the simulation circuit of the system is designed under MATALEB/SIMULINK circumstance. At last, the advantages of the PSM cascaded inverter and the new system is verified on the result of simulation.
引文
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[2] Sommer, R.; Mertens, A.; Brunotte, C; Trauth,G; Medium voltage drive system with NPC three-level inverter using IGBTs. IEEE Seminar of PWM Medium Voltage Drives, May 2000 Page(s):3/1 - 3/5
[3] C.newton, M.Summer, Neutral Point Control for Multi-level Inverters: theory,design and operational limitation. IEEE industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Oct. 1997 pp:1336-1343
[4] X.Ruan, D.xu, L.X.Zhou, Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Three-Level Convertor with Two Clamping Diodes. IEEE Trans, On industry Electronics,Aug.2002, Vol.49, No.4
[5] X.M.Yuan, I.Barbi, Fundamentals of a New Diode Clamping Multilevel Inverter. IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics, Vol.15, No.4, July 2000 pp:717-718
[6] S.Myrzik, J.M.A.; Calais, M.; tring and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems - a review, Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003 IEEE Bologna, Volume 2, 23-26 June 2003 Page(s):8 pp. Vol.2
[7] Baker R H, Bannister L H. Electric power converter. U.S.Patent 3867 643,1975
[8] Hammond P W. Medium voltage PWM drive and method. U.S. Patent 5625 545,1997
[9] Peng F Z, Lai J S. Multilevel cascade voltage-source inverter with separate DC sources. U.S. Patent 5642 275, 1997
[10] Wu Hongyang, He Xiangning, Research on PWM control of a cascade multilevel converter Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2000.Proceedings. IPEMC 2000. The Third International, Volume 3, 15-18 Aug. 2000 Page(s):1099-1103 vol.3
[11] D.Rendusara, E.Cengelci, P.Enjeli, et al. Analysis of common mode voltage-"neutral shift "in medium voltage PWM adjustable speed drive (MV-ASD) systems. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1999.PESC 99.30th Annual IEEE.27June-1July 1999:935-940.
[12] K.A.Corzine, M.W.Wielebski, F.Peng, et al. Control of cascaded multi-level inverters. Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2003.IEMDC03. IEEE International.1-4June 2003:1549-1555 vol.3.
[13] Z.H.Wang, X.G.Yin, H.X.Cheng, et al. A novel PWM scheme to eliminate common-mode voltages in cascaded multi-level inverters. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2003 IEEE PES, 7-12 Sept.2003:780-785 vol.2.
[14] J.Alex, W.Schminke. Fast Switching, Modular High-voltage DC/AC-power Supplies for RF-amplifiers and Other Applications[C]. Fusion Engineering, 1995.SOFE'95. 'Seeking a New Energy Era'., 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium, 30 Sept.-5 Oct. 1995, 936 - 939 vol.2.
[15] W.Schminke, High-power Pulse Step Modulator for 500kW Short Wave and 600kW Medium-Wave transmitters, Brown Boveri Rev.72,1985, 72(5):235-240
[16] J.Alex, W.Schminke, A High Voltage Power Supply for Negative Ion NBI based on PSM Technology, Fusion Engineering, 1997,17~(th) IEEE/NPSS Symposium,6-10 Oct,1997,1063-1066 vol.2
[17] J.Alex, W.Forster, High-voltage, High-power, Pulse-Step Modulators for The Accurate Supply of Gyrotron and Other Heating Devices, Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop, Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International, 30 July 2002,126-129
[18] Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer, John K, Frede Blaabjerg, A Review of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Vol.41,No.5, Sep/Oct 2005,1292-1306
[19] I.H.Song, H.S.Ahn, Y.K.Kim,et.al, Development of the 120kV/70A high voltage switching system with MOSFETs operated by simple gate control unit.Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2002.pesc 02.2002 IEEE 33rd Annual,Volume:3, 23-27 June 2002, Pages: 1181-1185 vol.3
[20] H.Patangia, T.Wijaya, D.Gregory, A Multi-Level Inverter for Driving a High Voltage Display. Circuits and Systems, 2005.ISCAS 2005.IEEE International Symposium on, 23-26 May 2005,Pages:4461-4464, vol.5
[21] Poh Chiang Loh,Holmes, D.G.,Lipo, T.A., Implementation and control of distributed PWM cascaded multilevel inverters with minimal harmonic distortion and common-mode voltage, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 20, Issue 1, Jan. 2005 Page(s):90 - 99
[22] Tolbert, L.A.,Fang Zheng Peng, et.al, Charge balance control schemes for cascade multilevel converter in hybrid electric vehicles, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 49, Issue 5, Oct. 2002 Page(s):1058 - 1064
[23] Lee, C.K., Ron Hui, S.Y., Henry Shu-Hung Chung, A 31-level cascade inverter for power applications, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,Volume 49, Issue 3, June 2002 Page(s):613 - 617
[24] Kang, D.-W., Kim, H.-C, et.al, A simple method for acquiring the conducting angle in a multilevel cascaded inverter using step pulse waves, Electric Power Applications, LEE Proceedings,Volume 152, Issue 1, Jan 2005 Page(s): 103 - 111
[25] Poh Chiang Loh, Holmes, D.G., et.al, Reduced common-mode modulation strategies for cascaded multilevel inverters, Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 39, Issue 5, Sept.-Oct. 2003 Page(s):1386 - 1395
[26] Hua Chih-Chiang, Wu Chun-Wei, Chuang Chih-Wei, Control of Low-Distortion 27-Level Cascade Inverter with Three H-Bridge Inverter Modules, Industrial Technology, 2006. ICIT 2006. IEEE International Conference on, 15-17 Dec. 2006 Page(s):277 - 282
[27] McGrath, B.P., Holmes, D.G., A comparison of multicarrier PWM strategies for cascaded and neutral point clamped multilevel inverters, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000. PESC 00. 2000 IEEE 31st Annual, Volume 2, 18-23 June 2000 Page(s):674 - 679 vol.2
[28] Holmes, D.G., McGrath, B.P., Opportunities for harmonic cancellation with carrier based PWM for two-level and multi-level cascaded inverters, Industry Applications Conference, 1999. Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE, Volume 2, 3-7 Oct. 1999 Page(s):781 - 788 vol.2
[29] Jiang, Q., Lipo, T.A., Switching angles and DC link voltages optimization for multilevel cascade inverters, Power Electronic Drives and Energy Systems for Industrial Growth, 1998. Proceedings. 1998 International Conference on, Volume 1,1-3 Dec. 1998 Page(s):56 - 61 Vol.1
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