异步电机矢量控制交流调速系统的研究与实现
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摘要
现代电力电子技术及计算机控制技术的迅速发展,促进了电气传动的技术革命。交流调速取代直流调速,计算机数字控制取代模拟控制己成为发展趋势。交流电机调速是当今节约电能、改善生产工艺流程、提高产品质量,以及改善运行环境的一种主要手段。本文正是以三相异步电动机为研究对象,从电动机调速的实质出发,对异步电机的矢量控制策略进行了研究。
论文在分析异步电机结构及特点基础上,运用空间电压矢量技术(SVPWM),采用了TI公司专用于电机控制的TMS320LF2407A型数字信号处理器(DSP)作为核心,研究并设计了全数字化的异步电机矢量控制调速系统的实验平台,实现了电机的交流调速。
本文可分为三部分:
首先,介绍了交流调速及其相关技术的发展现状和发展趋势,以及交流调速系统的主要控制策略,分析了异步电机的数学模型及其矢量控制原理,根据矢量控制原理给出了交流异步电机矢量控制系统总体设计方案及其控制策略,并进行了相关控制仿真,仿真结果表明系统具有较高的响应能力和鲁棒性。
然后,介绍了系统的硬件电路设计和相关控制程序设计,平台的硬件部份主要包括主回路、控制回路、检测单元、保护电路、辅助电源等电路的设计。软件部份主要由主程序、PWM中断服务子程序、故障保护中断保护服务子程序、串行通讯服务子程序以及软件抗干扰措施组成,软件采用C/汇编语言编程,实现了转速和电流双闭环矢量控制并给出了相关试验波形,通过实验进一步验证了本文给出的控制方法的合理性与有效性。
最后,对本文的工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作做出了分析与展望。
With the development of modern power electronics and control technology based on computer, the technical revolution of electrical drive is promoted. It is a trend that AC drive replaces DC drive and computer-aided digital control takes the place of traditional analog control. Speed-adjusting has become the major mean to improve energy efficiency, the production processes, quality of products and operational environment. Therefore, this paper researched on the asynchronous motor, and the vector control system of speed-adjusting was established. The strategy of vector control for asynchronous motor was researched and implemented in this paper.
The organization and characteristic of asynchronous motor was introduced. Using the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) as the control algorithm, the thesis used Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320LF2407A special for digital motor control of TI Corporation as the control core, and developed the software and hardware of the full-digital vector control for asynchronous motor, achieved the speed adjustment.
This paper can be divided into three parts:
Firstly, this paper induced the current condition and future trend of AC speed-adjustment system and its main control strategies, analyzed the mathematical model of asynchronous motor and the principle of vector control, gave the general control scheme and strategy for asynchronous motor speed regulation according to the principle of vector control. Besides, simulation had been conducted in this paper and the result showed the ability of fast response and high robust.
Secondly, this paper introduced the design of the circuit (including main circuit, control unit, detection unit, protection unit and auxiliary power supply) and control program which is in C or assembly way (including main program and subprograms for PWM interrupt service, malfunction protection service, series communication and anti-jamming), achieving double closed loop control of speed and current. Experimental waves were also given in this paper and testified the rationality and effectiveness of the control method.
Finally, this paper summarized the system and gave the analysis and prospect for the future research.
论文在分析异步电机结构及特点基础上,运用空间电压矢量技术(SVPWM),采用了TI公司专用于电机控制的TMS320LF2407A型数字信号处理器(DSP)作为核心,研究并设计了全数字化的异步电机矢量控制调速系统的实验平台,实现了电机的交流调速。
本文可分为三部分:
首先,介绍了交流调速及其相关技术的发展现状和发展趋势,以及交流调速系统的主要控制策略,分析了异步电机的数学模型及其矢量控制原理,根据矢量控制原理给出了交流异步电机矢量控制系统总体设计方案及其控制策略,并进行了相关控制仿真,仿真结果表明系统具有较高的响应能力和鲁棒性。
然后,介绍了系统的硬件电路设计和相关控制程序设计,平台的硬件部份主要包括主回路、控制回路、检测单元、保护电路、辅助电源等电路的设计。软件部份主要由主程序、PWM中断服务子程序、故障保护中断保护服务子程序、串行通讯服务子程序以及软件抗干扰措施组成,软件采用C/汇编语言编程,实现了转速和电流双闭环矢量控制并给出了相关试验波形,通过实验进一步验证了本文给出的控制方法的合理性与有效性。
最后,对本文的工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作做出了分析与展望。
With the development of modern power electronics and control technology based on computer, the technical revolution of electrical drive is promoted. It is a trend that AC drive replaces DC drive and computer-aided digital control takes the place of traditional analog control. Speed-adjusting has become the major mean to improve energy efficiency, the production processes, quality of products and operational environment. Therefore, this paper researched on the asynchronous motor, and the vector control system of speed-adjusting was established. The strategy of vector control for asynchronous motor was researched and implemented in this paper.
The organization and characteristic of asynchronous motor was introduced. Using the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) as the control algorithm, the thesis used Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320LF2407A special for digital motor control of TI Corporation as the control core, and developed the software and hardware of the full-digital vector control for asynchronous motor, achieved the speed adjustment.
This paper can be divided into three parts:
Firstly, this paper induced the current condition and future trend of AC speed-adjustment system and its main control strategies, analyzed the mathematical model of asynchronous motor and the principle of vector control, gave the general control scheme and strategy for asynchronous motor speed regulation according to the principle of vector control. Besides, simulation had been conducted in this paper and the result showed the ability of fast response and high robust.
Secondly, this paper introduced the design of the circuit (including main circuit, control unit, detection unit, protection unit and auxiliary power supply) and control program which is in C or assembly way (including main program and subprograms for PWM interrupt service, malfunction protection service, series communication and anti-jamming), achieving double closed loop control of speed and current. Experimental waves were also given in this paper and testified the rationality and effectiveness of the control method.
Finally, this paper summarized the system and gave the analysis and prospect for the future research.
引文
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[2]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1998.
[3]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002.
[4]张立,赵永健.现代电力电子技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[5]张登山.变频器技术发展新方向[J].现代制造,2005,11(3):48-49.
[6]熊幸明.变频调速技术的应用与发展[J].长沙大学学报,2005,19(5):65-67.
[7]林渭勋.现代电力电子电路[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社.2002.
[8]李永东等.脉宽调制(PWM)技术回顾、现状及展望[J].电气传动,1996,26(3):2-12.
[9]SONG Z.K..Digital Pulse Width Modulation:Analysis,Algorithms,and Applications[D].Urbana Champaign:The University of Illinois.2001.
[10]梅从立,刘国海,廖志凌.空间矢量PWM谐波分析及其对电机转矩的影响[J].微特电机,2004,32(7):16-19.
[11]吴守篇,减英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002.
[12]杨贵杰,孙力,崔乃政,等.空间矢量脉宽调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(5):79-83。
[13]Bowes S.R..The Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Regular-Sample PWM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,4(5):670-679.
[14]陈伯时.电力拖运与自动控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.
[15]潭葬娃,金如麟,李川.现代交流电机控制的现状与展望[J].微特电机,2000,(2):3-6.
[16]Bounekhla M.,Zaim M.E.,Rezzoug A..Comparative Study of Three Minimization Methods Applied to The Induction Machine Parameters Identification Using Transient Stator Current[J].Electric Power Components and Systems,2005,33(8):913-930.
[17]Levi E.,Sokola M.,Vukosavic S.N..A method for Magnetizing Curve Identification in Rotor Flux Oriented Induction Machines[J].IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion,2000,15(2):102-106.
[18]Zhen L.,Xu L..Sensorless Field Orientation Control of Induction Machines based on Mutual MRAS Scheme[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1998,45(5):824-830.
[19]Julius.Luukko.Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines-Analysis and Implementation[J].Lappeenranta University of Technology,Electrical Engineering,1999(7):632-641.
[20]Tang L.X.,Rahman.A Novel Proportional-Integral Stator Resistance Estimator for a Direct Torque Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive[J].IEMDC 2003,15(1):382-388.
[21]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1998.
[22]李毅,范蟠果.基于SVPWM的数学化交流调速系统的设计[J].电气传动,2007,8(2):18-21.
[23]Bose B.K..Energy,Environment,and Advances in Power Electronics.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2000,15(4):687-701.
[24]路强,沈传文,季晓隆,孟永庆.一种用于感应电机控制的新型滑模速度观测器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(18):164-168.
[25]赵德宗,张承进,郝兰英.一种无速度传感器感应电机鲁棒滑模控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(22):122-127.
[26]Orlowska-Kowalska,Lis T.,Szabat,k..Identification of The Induction Motor Parameters at Standstill using Soft Computing methods.Comple-the International Journal for Computation and Mathetics in Electrical and electronic Engineering.2006,25(1):181-194.
[27]Benhaddadi M.,Yazid K.,Khaldi R..An Effective Identification of Rotor Resistance for Induction Motor Vector Control[J].IEEE Transactions on Stmmentation and Measurement,1997,19(5):338-342.
[28]冯垛生,曾岳南.无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1996。
[29]张伟.无转速传感器异步电机矢量控制系统控制方法的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.2001.
[30]Tajima H..Speed Sensorless Field Orientation Control of Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications,1993,29(1):175-181.
[31]Texas Instruments.Space-Vector PWM with TMS320C24X/F24X Using Hardware and Software Determined Switching Patterns[Z].1999.
[32]程善美,姜向龙,孙文焕,等.空间矢量PWM逆变器的仿真[J].微电机,2002,35(4):30-33.
[33]刘守善,水新阳.传感器接口及信号处理[M].大连:大连海运学院出版社.1992.
[34]杨新华,马建立,王关平.基于模型参考自适应律的无速度传感器交流异步电动机矢量控制仿真[J].电机工程与应用,2007,34(8):22-26。
[35]吴守篇,藏英杰.电气传动的脉宽调制控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.
[36]赵文详,刘国海,吉敬华,等.基于DSP的全数字矢量控制SVPWM变频调速系统[J].电机与控制学报,2004,8(4):175-178.
[37]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第3版)[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1994。
[38]李为民,姜漫.基于光电编码器的速度反馈与控制技术[J].现代电子技术,2004,27(23):84-86.
[39]周渊深.交直流调速系统MATLAB仿真[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2004。
[40]黄忠霖.控制系统MATLAB计算与仿真[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社.1997.
[41]唐永奇.基于DSP和IPM的空间电压矢量调速系统[J].半导体技术,2001,26(4):12-14.
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MA7LAB＼SIMULINK的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2002.
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