GSBR和HBR处理城市污水的效能与微生物群落结构分析
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摘要
伴随着污水处理厂出水水质不能达标现象的普遍存在，如何在不对现有处理工艺作较大改动的条件下，对其进行技术改造，提高工艺处理性能，是当前亟待解决的问题。颗粒污泥序批式反应器（GSBR）和活性污泥-生物膜复合工艺（HBR）具有生物量浓度较高、对现有工艺改动较少等特点，在城市污水处理厂升级改造方面具有很大优势。本文分析了GSBR和HBR处理城市污水的效果，优化了工艺参数，研究了污染物质的去除机理，并利用分子生物技术对HBR中悬浮态和固着态污泥中的微生物群落进行了分析。
首先，在厌氧-好氧交替式的中试规模圆柱形GSBR反应器和生产性试验规模的平流式SBR反应器中对好氧颗粒污泥进行了研究。结果表明，GSBR经过72d的培养，反应器内出现小粒径颗粒污泥，在最佳工况运行条件下，COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91.63%，74.02%，68.42%和96.41%；平流式SBR反应器实现了同步脱氮除磷，COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为90.1%，87.3%，60.2%和89.3%。以上两项试验表明，限制城市污水SBR中污泥颗粒化的最重要因素是进水负荷和反应器构型。
然后，利用课题组自行开发的新型生物膜填料，研究了HBR反应器处理城市污水的效能。HBR中以活性污泥生物量为主体，生物膜量仅占全部生物量约25%，对COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别达到85%、90%和60%，而且能够耐受较高的冲击负荷。利用中试HBR，对某工业园区废水进行了6个月的现场试验研究，结果表明，HBR中的生物膜量占全部生物量40%以上，明显大于城市污水HBR中的生物膜量比例；出水COD，NH4+-N和TN可分别降至65.3mg/L，0.86mg/L和5.48mg/L；出水中残余的COD基本为在难生物降解COD；高效脱氮的实现方式主要是前置反硝化脱氮和好氧反硝化脱氮。
最后，利用分子生物学技术揭示了工业废水HBR中悬浮污泥和生物膜污泥中微生物群落的特点。结果表明，HBR系统中菌群具有较高的微生物多样性，污泥内种群结构变化随着工艺运行呈现出一定的演替，对废水具有降解作用的微生物在两相污泥中逐渐得到富集。生物膜上Nitrosospira属和Nitrosomonas属是氨氧化菌的优势菌属；悬浮污泥和生物膜共有的亚硝酸盐氧化菌菌属较多，主要来自Nitrobacter属、Pseudomonas属和Nitrospira属；反硝化菌属以β-proteobacteria纲为优势菌属；随着实验的进行，AOB、NOB和反硝化细菌所占比例逐渐提高。
With most of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are facing the differentyof being uable to meet the water discharge criteria, how to improve its treatmentperformance without making much changes is currently a serious problem to besolved in China. With the advantages of maintaining high biomass concentration andfewer changes to existing processes, granular SBR (GSBR) and hybrid biologicalprocess (HBR) are much more suitable for WWTP upgrade. So, the municipalwastewater treatment efficiency, process parameters optimization and pollutantremoval mechanisms of GSBR and HBR was studied in this paper. Microbialcommunity of HBR treating industrial wastewater was also analyzed by usingmolecular biology techniques.
Firstly, experiment of aerobic granular sludge was carried out in ananaerobic/aerobic pilot-scale GSBR reactor with a cylindrical shape. In the GSBR,small size granular appeared after72d’s cultivation. And upon the best operatingconditions, the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were91.63%,74.02%,68.42%and96.41%, respectively. In horizontal-flow SBR, simultaneousnitrogen and phosphorus removal process was realized, with the average removalrates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were90.1%,87.3%,60.2%and89.3%. Operatingdata of GSBR and horizontal-flow SBR showed that organic loading rate and reactorconfiguration were the most important factors of the formation of aerobic granules.
Secondly, treatment performances of municipal wastewater and industrial waterin HBR were studied in this research, by using a newly designed bio-carrier. In theHBR, biofilm biomass accounted for25%of total biomass. COD, NH4+-N and TNremoval rates reached85%,90%and60%. Experiment on industrial wastewatertreatment by HBR system was carried out for6months. Experiment results showedthat biofilm biomass accounted for more than40%of total biomass. The averageeffluent COD, NH4+-N and TN concentrations were65.3mg/L,0.86mg/L and5.48mg/L. Residual COD was almost contributed by non-biodegradable organicmatters. N-removal was realized mainly by pre-denitrification and aerobicdenitrification processes.
Finally, using PCR-DGGE and FISH techniques, the paper revealed thecharacteristics of microbial community in HBR. The results showed that the HBRsystem has high microbial community diversity. The microorganisms which were ableto degration of organics had gradually been enriched in suspended-growth andattached–growth sludge. AOB group was basically belonged to Nitrosospira spp. andNitrosomonas spp. The Nitrobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Nitrospira spp. werecommon NOB species both in suspended sludge and biofilm. β-proteobacteria wasthe dominant denitrifying species. In the process of experiment, the proportion ofAOB, NOB and denitrifying bacteria gradually increased in HBR.
首先，在厌氧-好氧交替式的中试规模圆柱形GSBR反应器和生产性试验规模的平流式SBR反应器中对好氧颗粒污泥进行了研究。结果表明，GSBR经过72d的培养，反应器内出现小粒径颗粒污泥，在最佳工况运行条件下，COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91.63%，74.02%，68.42%和96.41%；平流式SBR反应器实现了同步脱氮除磷，COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为90.1%，87.3%，60.2%和89.3%。以上两项试验表明，限制城市污水SBR中污泥颗粒化的最重要因素是进水负荷和反应器构型。
然后，利用课题组自行开发的新型生物膜填料，研究了HBR反应器处理城市污水的效能。HBR中以活性污泥生物量为主体，生物膜量仅占全部生物量约25%，对COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别达到85%、90%和60%，而且能够耐受较高的冲击负荷。利用中试HBR，对某工业园区废水进行了6个月的现场试验研究，结果表明，HBR中的生物膜量占全部生物量40%以上，明显大于城市污水HBR中的生物膜量比例；出水COD，NH4+-N和TN可分别降至65.3mg/L，0.86mg/L和5.48mg/L；出水中残余的COD基本为在难生物降解COD；高效脱氮的实现方式主要是前置反硝化脱氮和好氧反硝化脱氮。
最后，利用分子生物学技术揭示了工业废水HBR中悬浮污泥和生物膜污泥中微生物群落的特点。结果表明，HBR系统中菌群具有较高的微生物多样性，污泥内种群结构变化随着工艺运行呈现出一定的演替，对废水具有降解作用的微生物在两相污泥中逐渐得到富集。生物膜上Nitrosospira属和Nitrosomonas属是氨氧化菌的优势菌属；悬浮污泥和生物膜共有的亚硝酸盐氧化菌菌属较多，主要来自Nitrobacter属、Pseudomonas属和Nitrospira属；反硝化菌属以β-proteobacteria纲为优势菌属；随着实验的进行，AOB、NOB和反硝化细菌所占比例逐渐提高。
With most of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are facing the differentyof being uable to meet the water discharge criteria, how to improve its treatmentperformance without making much changes is currently a serious problem to besolved in China. With the advantages of maintaining high biomass concentration andfewer changes to existing processes, granular SBR (GSBR) and hybrid biologicalprocess (HBR) are much more suitable for WWTP upgrade. So, the municipalwastewater treatment efficiency, process parameters optimization and pollutantremoval mechanisms of GSBR and HBR was studied in this paper. Microbialcommunity of HBR treating industrial wastewater was also analyzed by usingmolecular biology techniques.
Firstly, experiment of aerobic granular sludge was carried out in ananaerobic/aerobic pilot-scale GSBR reactor with a cylindrical shape. In the GSBR,small size granular appeared after72d’s cultivation. And upon the best operatingconditions, the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were91.63%,74.02%,68.42%and96.41%, respectively. In horizontal-flow SBR, simultaneousnitrogen and phosphorus removal process was realized, with the average removalrates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were90.1%,87.3%,60.2%and89.3%. Operatingdata of GSBR and horizontal-flow SBR showed that organic loading rate and reactorconfiguration were the most important factors of the formation of aerobic granules.
Secondly, treatment performances of municipal wastewater and industrial waterin HBR were studied in this research, by using a newly designed bio-carrier. In theHBR, biofilm biomass accounted for25%of total biomass. COD, NH4+-N and TNremoval rates reached85%,90%and60%. Experiment on industrial wastewatertreatment by HBR system was carried out for6months. Experiment results showedthat biofilm biomass accounted for more than40%of total biomass. The averageeffluent COD, NH4+-N and TN concentrations were65.3mg/L,0.86mg/L and5.48mg/L. Residual COD was almost contributed by non-biodegradable organicmatters. N-removal was realized mainly by pre-denitrification and aerobicdenitrification processes.
Finally, using PCR-DGGE and FISH techniques, the paper revealed thecharacteristics of microbial community in HBR. The results showed that the HBRsystem has high microbial community diversity. The microorganisms which were ableto degration of organics had gradually been enriched in suspended-growth andattached–growth sludge. AOB group was basically belonged to Nitrosospira spp. andNitrosomonas spp. The Nitrobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Nitrospira spp. werecommon NOB species both in suspended sludge and biofilm. β-proteobacteria wasthe dominant denitrifying species. In the process of experiment, the proportion ofAOB, NOB and denitrifying bacteria gradually increased in HBR.
引文
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