粉煤灰改性处理SO_2、含铅废水有害物的研究
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摘要
我国是世界上最大的产煤国和耗煤国,燃煤占了我国能源结构的70%。1990
    年产生的粉煤灰达8000万吨,到2000年已达1. 6亿吨,为处置这些粉煤灰而建
    的储灰场占据了大量的土地与消耗了大量的水,且目前我国粉煤灰的利用率只有
    30%,大部分集中在建筑材料方面。因此,怎样处置粉煤灰、提高它的利用率对我
    国而言是一个重要的问题。本文针对湿法脱硫中存在的缺点,意图通过粉煤灰改
    性来研制干法脱硫剂,用于干法脱硫。这样,一方面可以开辟粉煤灰新的利用途
    径,从而提高粉煤灰的利用率:另一方面可以开发新的脱硫形式,寻求适合我国
    国情的脱硫方法。我们用煅烧--碱溶法研制出具有类4A沸石结构的改性粉煤灰
    A来吸附低浓度二氧化硫,结果显示改性粉煤灰A对低浓度二氧化硫的吸附容量、
    脱硫率100%维持的时间只有4A沸石的10. 98%、1/20,没有达到预期的脱硫效果。
    为此,我们又改用了另一种方法(煅烧--消化法)来改性粉煤灰,得到改性粉
    煤灰B,并用它来处理低浓度的二氧化硫,实验结果表明:它对低浓度二氧化硫具
    有很好的效果,脱硫率100%的维持时间为70分钟,吸着容量为133. 00mg/g,钙
    的利用率为70. 76%,比常见的干法脱硫的钙利用率提高了近20个百分点,压降为
    8. 33Pa/cm。另简要地研究了改性粉煤灰A的离子交换性,并用它来处理含铅废水,
    结果表明它对含铅废水有良好的去除效果。
Our country is the biggest country of producing and consuming coal in the world,
    and the burned coal occupies 70% of our country energy construction. The emission of
    fly ash in l990 was 8 millions tons, and by the end of 2000 the amount of fly ash had
    reached 160 million tons. To deal with these fly ash, the builded field of storing fly ash
    has holded a lot of land and consumed much water. At present fly ash is used only 30
    percent in our country; further, most of the used fly ash lies in the field of construction
    and stuff. Therefore, it is an important problem for our country how to handle fly ash
    and heighten its utilization. This text intends to develop dry desulfurizer and desulfrize
    by the means of changing fly ash at aim to the weakness of the wet method of
    desulfrize. Like this, on one side the new use approach is to be developed, which can
    heighten the utilization rate of fly ash .On the other side the new fOrm of desulfrizer is
    to be explored, which can look for the desulfrize ways to adapt to the situation of our
    country. We manufactured the changing qua1ity fly ash A like the structure of 4A
    zeolite with the method of calcinations-alkali and treated with the low thickness
    SOz.The experimental resu1t proves: the adsorptive capacity and the desulfrize rate of
    l00% are respectively 10.98%. l/20 of that of 4A zeolite, and do not attain to
    anticipative desulfrization effect. For this, we changed fly ash by the other method (the
    calcinations-digest), and achieved the changing quality fly ash B.We disposed of the
    low thickness SO2 with the fly ash B.The experimental result proves: the effect is quite
    good, and it is 70 minutes that the rate of desulfurization keeps up 100%, and
    absorption content achieves l33.00mg/g, and 70.76 percent of calcium are used .The
    utilization rate of calcium drops 20% than that of usual dry desulfurization and the fall
    of press is 8.33Pa/cm. Additional, we briefly studied the ion-exchange character of the
    changing fly ash A, and disposed of the waster water containing of lead, and the better
    removal result was gained.
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