WX/U型脱硫装置操作参数优化实验研究
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摘要
WX/U型脱硫装置是天津大学在天津市科委支持下开发的适用于大中型工业锅炉的高效脱硫除尘一体化装置,设计采用的是钠碱双碱法脱硫工艺。本课题的研究内容是通过选择廉价的脱硫剂,并在添加剂强化作用下以达到保证脱硫效率的目的,从而降低操作成本,对WX/U脱硫装置的应用及其推广具有极其重要的实用价值。
本文首先建立了WX/U型脱硫装置的模拟实验平台,对不同脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,工业氧化钙是最适合的脱硫吸收剂。其次在WX/U模拟实验装置上对添加剂进行了筛选实验,研究不同添加剂对工业氧化钙脱硫的强化作用,结果表明增强作用的大小次序为:硫酸钠>造纸黑液>甲酸>柠檬酸>己二酸>氧化镁>硫酸镁。其中硫酸钠的增强作用最显著,成本也较低,是一个非常有发展前景的添加剂。
最后,对硫酸钠强化石灰脱硫时操作条件对脱硫效率的影响进行了正交实验和单因素实验,得到了优化的操作条件,即氧化钙吸收液浓度为0.8%,液气比为1.0 l·m~(-3),喉口气速为40 m·s~(-1),硫酸钠的适宜浓度为0.004～0.006 mol·l~(-1)。
WX/U desulfurization equipments, an efficient desulfurization and dust removal systems for medium-sized and medium-sized boiler, had been developed independently by Tianjin University under the support of the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Committee. In the initial design, the Sodium-calcium dual-alkali method was adopted as its primary process. To further reduce the operational cost for extending the application scale of WX/U desulfurization equipments, it was necessary to select a cheaper absorbent and obtain higher removal efficiency with the help of the enhancement of an appropriate additive.
In present paper, the simulation experimental set-up of WX/U desulfurization equipments was established and the removal efficiency of various absorbents was investigated firstly. The experimental results showed that lime slurry was the fittest desulfurization absorbent. Secondly, to select an appropriate additive, the enhancement of various additives on the removal efficiency of WX/4U desulfurization equipments using lime as absorbent was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the sequence of enhancement was sodium sulfate>black liquor>formic acid>critic acid>adipic acid>magnesium>magnesium sulfate. Among these additives, sodium sulfate was the most promoting additive for WX/4U desulfurization equipments for its highest enhancement on removal efficiency and the low operation cost.
Lastly, the effect of operational parameters on the removal efficiency under the condition that sodium sulfate as an additive for lime slurry was investigated. And the optimum operational parameters under the condition that sodium sulfate as additive were obtained as follows. The mass concentration of lime was 0.8%, liquid-to-gas ratio was 1.0 l·m-3, gas velocity in throat was 40 m·s-1 and the effective concentration of sodium sulfate was from 0.004 mol·l-1 to 0.006 mol·l-1.
本文首先建立了WX/U型脱硫装置的模拟实验平台,对不同脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,工业氧化钙是最适合的脱硫吸收剂。其次在WX/U模拟实验装置上对添加剂进行了筛选实验,研究不同添加剂对工业氧化钙脱硫的强化作用,结果表明增强作用的大小次序为:硫酸钠>造纸黑液>甲酸>柠檬酸>己二酸>氧化镁>硫酸镁。其中硫酸钠的增强作用最显著,成本也较低,是一个非常有发展前景的添加剂。
最后,对硫酸钠强化石灰脱硫时操作条件对脱硫效率的影响进行了正交实验和单因素实验,得到了优化的操作条件,即氧化钙吸收液浓度为0.8%,液气比为1.0 l·m~(-3),喉口气速为40 m·s~(-1),硫酸钠的适宜浓度为0.004～0.006 mol·l~(-1)。
WX/U desulfurization equipments, an efficient desulfurization and dust removal systems for medium-sized and medium-sized boiler, had been developed independently by Tianjin University under the support of the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Committee. In the initial design, the Sodium-calcium dual-alkali method was adopted as its primary process. To further reduce the operational cost for extending the application scale of WX/U desulfurization equipments, it was necessary to select a cheaper absorbent and obtain higher removal efficiency with the help of the enhancement of an appropriate additive.
In present paper, the simulation experimental set-up of WX/U desulfurization equipments was established and the removal efficiency of various absorbents was investigated firstly. The experimental results showed that lime slurry was the fittest desulfurization absorbent. Secondly, to select an appropriate additive, the enhancement of various additives on the removal efficiency of WX/4U desulfurization equipments using lime as absorbent was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the sequence of enhancement was sodium sulfate>black liquor>formic acid>critic acid>adipic acid>magnesium>magnesium sulfate. Among these additives, sodium sulfate was the most promoting additive for WX/4U desulfurization equipments for its highest enhancement on removal efficiency and the low operation cost.
Lastly, the effect of operational parameters on the removal efficiency under the condition that sodium sulfate as an additive for lime slurry was investigated. And the optimum operational parameters under the condition that sodium sulfate as additive were obtained as follows. The mass concentration of lime was 0.8%, liquid-to-gas ratio was 1.0 l·m-3, gas velocity in throat was 40 m·s-1 and the effective concentration of sodium sulfate was from 0.004 mol·l-1 to 0.006 mol·l-1.
引文
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[2]吴海磊,钱吉生,徐兴大,用广义估计方程研究大气污染对 SARS 发病的影响,中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2005,28(1):12～15
[3]国家环保局,2004 年中国城市环境状况公报,2004
[4]曾庭华,杨华,马斌等,湿法烟气脱硫系统的安全性及优化, 北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[5]龙辉,石金兴,王泓,引进的湿法烟气脱硫技术介绍及性能比较,水利电力机械,2000,24(5):1～7
[6]王均,300 MW 机组的石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置,华东电力,2004,32(9):45～46
[7]江石,建设扫描:首台 60 万千瓦火电机组石灰石湿法脱硫工程成功投运脱硫效率达到 96%以上,中国电力企业管理,2004(12):71
[8]刘志勇,陈建中,中国湿法烟气脱硫技术现状和前景展望,云南环境科学,2004,23(增刊 1):147～149
[9]赵建海、宋兴福、陆强等,氢氧化镁在环境污染治理中的应用研究进展,环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(66～69)
[10]蒋利桥,陈思鉴,可回收硫资源的烟气脱硫技术概述,工业锅炉,2003,1:(4~6)
[11]高善民,应用前景广阔的氢氧化镁,海湖盐科技资料,2002(2):1～7
[12]毛健全,治理环境污染中应用“绿色技术”之探讨,贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2001,30(5):92-97
[13]毛健全、熊天渝,解决火电厂SO2污染治理技术的探讨—白云石湿法烟气脱硫技术,贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,32(1):96-102
[14]郭如新,镁剂烟气脱硫联产硫镁肥料初探, 化工科技市场,2002(8):24~27
[15]曹霞,浅谈氢氧化镁法脱硫技术,有色冶金设计与研究,2000,21(1):47～51
[16] 冯立成 易泽明,烟气镁法脱硫技术研究,四川环境,1996,15(4):49～50
[17]郭如新,轻烧氧化镁和氢氧化镁在环保领域中的应用,化工环保,1997(17):206~210
[18]郭如新, 绿色安全中和剂氢氧化镁,化工科技市场,1999(12):18~21
[19] Martin Z, Janvit G, Marjan V et al. Absorption of SO2 into aqueous solution. Gas-Liquid equilibrium of the MgO-SO2-H2O system and graphical presentation of operation lines in an equilibrium diagram. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1997,36:4342~4346
[20] MARKANT H P, MclLROY R A , MATTY R E. Absorption studies—MgO-SO2 systems. Tappi, 1962,45(11):849~854
[21] Katsuo O, Chaturong Y, Kazuo T, et al. Seawater flue gas fesulfurization:its technical implicatuins and performance results. Environmental Progress, 2003,22(1):67~73
[22]刘太镇,用软锰矿粉处理SO2尾气,硫酸工业,1988(5):64
[23]冯国忠,软锰矿水悬浮液脱除低浓度工业废气中SO2的研究,广西化工,1992,21(1):8～12
[24]罗锡如,用锰浆吸收SO2尾气装置的设计与实践,无机盐工业,1993(4):33～36
[25]梁仁杰,软锰矿浆烟气脱硫及副产硫酸锰的研究,重庆大学学报,1994,17(5):88～93
[26]葛喜臣,用软锰矿治理硫酸尾气中SO2的实验研究及经济评价,硫酸工业,1995(3):29～31
[27]何锋,在鼓泡床中用软锰矿浆脱除烟气中SO2的研究,跨世纪论丛—湖南省首届研究生学术研讨会论文集,长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1997,365～370
[28]黄妍,软锰矿浆脱除烟气中SO2的研究,环境工程,1998,16(4):43～46
[29]叶树滋,谈谈用二氧化硫气体生产硫酸锰及碳酸锰的几个问题,硫酸工业,1990(5):58～60
[30]欧阳昌伦,锰矿湿法脱硫过程中影响连二硫酸盐生成的主要因素,广西化工,1983(3):60～67
[31]钟金逢,用软锰矿浆吸收SO2过程中MnS2O6的抑制和清除研究,广东化工,1997(2):28～29
[32]吴从安,利用MnO与烟气中低浓度SO2生产硫酸锰扩大实验研究,云南化工,1991(4):15～17
[33]宁平,还原软锰矿粉净化吸收烟气中SO2生产硫酸锰的研究,无机盐工业,1991(2):11～14
[34]宁平,冶炼厂SO2软锰矿湿法脱硫研究,环境科学,1997,18(5):68～70
[35]郭慧贞,两矿湿法生产工业硫酸锰的研究,广西化工,1991(3):2～7
[36]肖全生,氧化锰矿直接生产硫酸锰工艺的研究,硫酸工业,1992(2):47～51
[37]彭若铭,硫酸锰、硫酸钾生产新工艺的开发,硫酸工业,1993(5):13～15
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