阿米西达防治黄瓜白粉病的技术研究
摘要
甲氧丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂是一类具有新颖作用机制的新型杀菌剂，这类杀菌剂主要作用于真菌的线粒体呼吸，破坏能量合成从而抑制真菌生长或杀死真菌。药剂与线粒体电子传递链中复合物Ⅲ(Cyt bcl复合物)Cyt b的Q_0部位结合，阻断电子由Cyt bcl复合物流向Cyt c。本文研究了瓜类白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)对阿米西达的敏感性基线、抗药性监测方法和对黄瓜白粉病的防治技术+。
采用小株喷雾法、叶盘沾药漂浮法、叶盘漂浮法、叶盘沾药法和海绵垫叶盘漂浮法等五种抗药性监测方法，就中国部分地区瓜类白粉病菌对阿米西达的敏感性进行了研究。测得小株喷雾法、叶盘沾药漂浮法、叶盘漂浮法、叶盘沾药法和海绵垫叶盘漂浮法其EC_(50)值分别是0.02μg／ml、0.00467μg／ml、0.00756μg／ml、0.0709μg／ml和0.1675μg／ml，表明叶盘沾药法最灵敏，叶盘漂浮法次之，但叶盘漂浮法简便易行，适合大规模菌样测定。三次叶盘漂浮法EC_(50)值分别为0.00775μg／ml、0.00756μg／ml和0.00780μg／ml，说明叶盘漂浮法的重复性好。用叶盘漂浮法测定了未接触过药剂的61株黄瓜白粉菌株对阿米西达的敏感性，EC_(50)值介于0.00065μg／ml～0.0119μg／ml，平均EC_(50)值为0.00305μg／ml，以此为黄瓜白粉病菌对阿米西达的敏感性基线。
阿米西达对瓜类白粉病防治效果优异，用药量低，持效期长，使用安全。比目前常用高效药剂腈菌唑效果更好，剂量更少，叶盘漂浮法测定结果表明，阿米西达对瓜类白粉病的毒力比腈菌唑的更强。保护效果表明，阿米西达有效成分0.5μg／ml、1.0μg／ml、2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病的防效为64.33％～87.42％，而对照药剂腈菌唑的防效为55.97％；由治疗效果可知，接种48小时后喷阿米西达2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml防治效果为88.0％～92.5％，腈菌唑2.0μg／ml防治效果为39.9％；接种96小时后喷阿米西达2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml防治效果为69.6％～85.7％，腈菌唑2.0μg／ml防治效果为25.1％。本研究结果表明，阿米西达作为防治瓜类白粉病的高效药剂，可与腈菌唑等其它药剂交替使用。
田间试验结果表明，25％阿米西达60μg／ml～120μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病有优异的防治效果，其中尤以120μg／ml的防治效果最佳，差异显著性测验表明，25％阿米西达90—120μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果显著优于对照药剂17％腈菌唑30μg／ml的防效。
Amistar is a new fungicide used in the control of Sphaerotheca fuliginea at present. The resistance of S.fuliginea to amistar was studied by establishing its sensitivity baseline comparing the methods for testing its sensitivity. The result showed that the sensitivity with floating leaf disc test was more than with others. All the isolates from the coastal area of shanghai and Nanjing were sensitive to amistar. In order to avoiding resistance to amistar , the select pressure of single fungicide application to pathogen should be avoided.
Amistar has been proved to be ideal fungicide for control of S. fuliginea with following characteristics:low applying dosage ,long-term persistence ,safety in use .The result of the floating leaf disc test showed amistar has strong toxicity to S. fuliginea. The ECso of amistar was 0.0075μg/ml,while myclobutanil 0.0102μg/ml. The result of protective effect showed the control effect of amistar treatment at 0.5μg/mK 1.0μg/ml, 2.0μg/ml and 3.0μg/ml ranged from 64.33% to 87.42%, while the control effect of myclobutanil treatment at 2.0μ g/ml was 55.97%. The curative experiment showed the control effect of amistar treated with 2.0μg/ml and 3.0μg/ml was 88.0% and 92.5% respectively ,while myclobutanil 2.0μg/ml 39.9%,48 hours spraying after inoculating . Meantime, the control effect of amistar was 69.6% and 85.7% respectively,myclobutanil 25.1%, 96 hours spraying after inoculating . amistar was regarded as the highly effective fungicide and would be used alternatively with myclobutanil and other fungicides for the control of S. fuliginea .
The result of field experiment showed amistar is a ideal fungicide for control S. fuliginea . Its effective ingredient ranged from 60 μg/ml to 120 μg/ml . 120μg/ml is the best choice. The test of Duncan's showed the control effect of Amistar treated with 90 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml was better than that of myclobutanil treatment.
采用小株喷雾法、叶盘沾药漂浮法、叶盘漂浮法、叶盘沾药法和海绵垫叶盘漂浮法等五种抗药性监测方法，就中国部分地区瓜类白粉病菌对阿米西达的敏感性进行了研究。测得小株喷雾法、叶盘沾药漂浮法、叶盘漂浮法、叶盘沾药法和海绵垫叶盘漂浮法其EC_(50)值分别是0.02μg／ml、0.00467μg／ml、0.00756μg／ml、0.0709μg／ml和0.1675μg／ml，表明叶盘沾药法最灵敏，叶盘漂浮法次之，但叶盘漂浮法简便易行，适合大规模菌样测定。三次叶盘漂浮法EC_(50)值分别为0.00775μg／ml、0.00756μg／ml和0.00780μg／ml，说明叶盘漂浮法的重复性好。用叶盘漂浮法测定了未接触过药剂的61株黄瓜白粉菌株对阿米西达的敏感性，EC_(50)值介于0.00065μg／ml～0.0119μg／ml，平均EC_(50)值为0.00305μg／ml，以此为黄瓜白粉病菌对阿米西达的敏感性基线。
阿米西达对瓜类白粉病防治效果优异，用药量低，持效期长，使用安全。比目前常用高效药剂腈菌唑效果更好，剂量更少，叶盘漂浮法测定结果表明，阿米西达对瓜类白粉病的毒力比腈菌唑的更强。保护效果表明，阿米西达有效成分0.5μg／ml、1.0μg／ml、2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病的防效为64.33％～87.42％，而对照药剂腈菌唑的防效为55.97％；由治疗效果可知，接种48小时后喷阿米西达2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml防治效果为88.0％～92.5％，腈菌唑2.0μg／ml防治效果为39.9％；接种96小时后喷阿米西达2.0μg／ml、3.0μg／ml防治效果为69.6％～85.7％，腈菌唑2.0μg／ml防治效果为25.1％。本研究结果表明，阿米西达作为防治瓜类白粉病的高效药剂，可与腈菌唑等其它药剂交替使用。
田间试验结果表明，25％阿米西达60μg／ml～120μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病有优异的防治效果，其中尤以120μg／ml的防治效果最佳，差异显著性测验表明，25％阿米西达90—120μg／ml对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果显著优于对照药剂17％腈菌唑30μg／ml的防效。
Amistar is a new fungicide used in the control of Sphaerotheca fuliginea at present. The resistance of S.fuliginea to amistar was studied by establishing its sensitivity baseline comparing the methods for testing its sensitivity. The result showed that the sensitivity with floating leaf disc test was more than with others. All the isolates from the coastal area of shanghai and Nanjing were sensitive to amistar. In order to avoiding resistance to amistar , the select pressure of single fungicide application to pathogen should be avoided.
Amistar has been proved to be ideal fungicide for control of S. fuliginea with following characteristics:low applying dosage ,long-term persistence ,safety in use .The result of the floating leaf disc test showed amistar has strong toxicity to S. fuliginea. The ECso of amistar was 0.0075μg/ml,while myclobutanil 0.0102μg/ml. The result of protective effect showed the control effect of amistar treatment at 0.5μg/mK 1.0μg/ml, 2.0μg/ml and 3.0μg/ml ranged from 64.33% to 87.42%, while the control effect of myclobutanil treatment at 2.0μ g/ml was 55.97%. The curative experiment showed the control effect of amistar treated with 2.0μg/ml and 3.0μg/ml was 88.0% and 92.5% respectively ,while myclobutanil 2.0μg/ml 39.9%,48 hours spraying after inoculating . Meantime, the control effect of amistar was 69.6% and 85.7% respectively,myclobutanil 25.1%, 96 hours spraying after inoculating . amistar was regarded as the highly effective fungicide and would be used alternatively with myclobutanil and other fungicides for the control of S. fuliginea .
The result of field experiment showed amistar is a ideal fungicide for control S. fuliginea . Its effective ingredient ranged from 60 μg/ml to 120 μg/ml . 120μg/ml is the best choice. The test of Duncan's showed the control effect of Amistar treated with 90 μg/ml and 120 μg/ml was better than that of myclobutanil treatment.
引文
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