腮腺炎病毒SP-A株的分离鉴定及其致病性研究
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摘要
腮腺炎病毒(Mumps Virus,MuV)为RNA病毒,属副黏病毒科。基因组为一不分节段的单股负链RNA。流行性腮腺炎由腮腺炎病毒感染引起,主要通过空气传播,儿童发病率较高。根据全球的腮腺炎病毒分子流行病学分析,迄今,MuV已经发现了12个基因型,分别命名为A～L基因型。
自从20世纪70年代腮腺炎疫苗在全球各个国家广泛使用以来,腮腺炎发病率明显下降。然而,近10年来在一些腮腺炎疫苗覆盖率很高的国家,仍然出现了大量的腮腺炎暴发现象。通过分析发现,造成这样一种现象的原因可能包括:1.免疫覆盖率的不足2.单剂免疫的低效率但还有一些报道表明:不同基因型病毒产生的抗体不能完全中和其它基因型的病毒。在中国局部地区的腮腺炎流行病学研究中发现,我国主要流行的病毒基因型为F型,但是目前我国使用的疫苗株却属于A基因型。这一现象提示,我国的腮腺炎发病率持续居高不下的原因之一很有可能存在于此。同时,长期使用腮腺炎减毒活疫苗的流行病学数据表明,一些基因型的疫苗株,如:C、D、G、H、I、J基因型的疫苗株具有致无菌性脑膜炎的神经毒性。截止目前,尚无F基因型导致中枢神经系统感染的报道。因此,根据上述资料以及本地的腮腺炎流行病学数据,开发出与当前流行基因型相同的腮腺炎疫苗株应该具有重要的意义。
基于国内腮腺炎的流行病学研究,我们分离并培养了一株F基因型毒株并进行了腮腺炎不同代次的恒河猴致病性观察,为进一步的流行基因型腮腺炎减毒活疫苗开发打下了基础。
Mumps virus (MuV) belonging to Paramyxoviridae family is an enveloped RNA virus with a non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense genome.As a world-wide communicable viral disease,mumps ,usually transmission in air ,is caused by the mumps virus that has a high morbidity especially in children.Twelve distinct MuV genotypes namely A-L have been defined in according to global epidemiological studies of MuV so far.
The mumps vaccines are available and wide-spread used in global countries since the 1970s, the number of reported mumps cases has reduced drastically. All these data seems to elucidate an essential function of mumps vaccine use in the control of numerous epidemics. However, the number of reported mumps cases have increased again in some countries and regions where high coverage levels of vaccines are implemented in recent over 10 years. It has been found that one of the reasons for such phenomena include:first,low coverage rate;second, lower efficacy of single-dose immunization; Other reports implicate that such phenomena is due to the fact that the neutralization antibody induced by viruses with different genotypes are not able to neutralize absolutely viruses with other genotypes. The epidemiological studies of mumps in many regions of China show that the viral strain with genotype F is the main prevalent one in China. whereas the strain with genotype A is used to prepare current vaccine. It may contribute to a fact of current relative high incidence of mumps in Mainland of China. In the meantime, the long-term studies of mumps vaccine use implicate that live attenuated mumps vaccines prepared from viral strains with different genotypes including C, D, G, H and J etc. might have the potential to cause certain number of viral aseptic meningitis cases in vaccinated host populations. Up to now, the clinical manifestation of associated central nervous system in the mumps case infected with genotype F has never been reported. Based upon these information and regional epidemiological data of MuV, it may be justified and will have an applied significance in practice to develop a live attenuated mumps vaccine by purposely targeting at specific genotypes.
As a consequence, based upon the previous epidemiological studies of mumps strains with genotypes predominated in a number of provinces in mainland of China, we isolated and cultured a MuV candidate strain of the genotype F that could be used to prepare live attenuated mumps vaccine and pathogenicity in Rhesus monkeys were preliminarily investigated in primary experiments.
自从20世纪70年代腮腺炎疫苗在全球各个国家广泛使用以来,腮腺炎发病率明显下降。然而,近10年来在一些腮腺炎疫苗覆盖率很高的国家,仍然出现了大量的腮腺炎暴发现象。通过分析发现,造成这样一种现象的原因可能包括:1.免疫覆盖率的不足2.单剂免疫的低效率但还有一些报道表明:不同基因型病毒产生的抗体不能完全中和其它基因型的病毒。在中国局部地区的腮腺炎流行病学研究中发现,我国主要流行的病毒基因型为F型,但是目前我国使用的疫苗株却属于A基因型。这一现象提示,我国的腮腺炎发病率持续居高不下的原因之一很有可能存在于此。同时,长期使用腮腺炎减毒活疫苗的流行病学数据表明,一些基因型的疫苗株,如:C、D、G、H、I、J基因型的疫苗株具有致无菌性脑膜炎的神经毒性。截止目前,尚无F基因型导致中枢神经系统感染的报道。因此,根据上述资料以及本地的腮腺炎流行病学数据,开发出与当前流行基因型相同的腮腺炎疫苗株应该具有重要的意义。
基于国内腮腺炎的流行病学研究,我们分离并培养了一株F基因型毒株并进行了腮腺炎不同代次的恒河猴致病性观察,为进一步的流行基因型腮腺炎减毒活疫苗开发打下了基础。
Mumps virus (MuV) belonging to Paramyxoviridae family is an enveloped RNA virus with a non-segmented single-stranded negative-sense genome.As a world-wide communicable viral disease,mumps ,usually transmission in air ,is caused by the mumps virus that has a high morbidity especially in children.Twelve distinct MuV genotypes namely A-L have been defined in according to global epidemiological studies of MuV so far.
The mumps vaccines are available and wide-spread used in global countries since the 1970s, the number of reported mumps cases has reduced drastically. All these data seems to elucidate an essential function of mumps vaccine use in the control of numerous epidemics. However, the number of reported mumps cases have increased again in some countries and regions where high coverage levels of vaccines are implemented in recent over 10 years. It has been found that one of the reasons for such phenomena include:first,low coverage rate;second, lower efficacy of single-dose immunization; Other reports implicate that such phenomena is due to the fact that the neutralization antibody induced by viruses with different genotypes are not able to neutralize absolutely viruses with other genotypes. The epidemiological studies of mumps in many regions of China show that the viral strain with genotype F is the main prevalent one in China. whereas the strain with genotype A is used to prepare current vaccine. It may contribute to a fact of current relative high incidence of mumps in Mainland of China. In the meantime, the long-term studies of mumps vaccine use implicate that live attenuated mumps vaccines prepared from viral strains with different genotypes including C, D, G, H and J etc. might have the potential to cause certain number of viral aseptic meningitis cases in vaccinated host populations. Up to now, the clinical manifestation of associated central nervous system in the mumps case infected with genotype F has never been reported. Based upon these information and regional epidemiological data of MuV, it may be justified and will have an applied significance in practice to develop a live attenuated mumps vaccine by purposely targeting at specific genotypes.
As a consequence, based upon the previous epidemiological studies of mumps strains with genotypes predominated in a number of provinces in mainland of China, we isolated and cultured a MuV candidate strain of the genotype F that could be used to prepare live attenuated mumps vaccine and pathogenicity in Rhesus monkeys were preliminarily investigated in primary experiments.
引文
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