高压静电场保鲜装置改进及对几种呼吸跃变型果实的影响
摘要
前人在关于高压静电场保鲜的研究中没有涉及高压静电场产生的臭氧对果蔬的作用，本研究首先研究了前人的高压静电场保鲜试验台内产生的臭氧的浓度，发现其浓度达到了作用于果蔬的最低浓度值，于是利用涂布绝缘漆以及加装臭氧隔绝装置的方法改造了前人的高压静电保鲜试验装置，并以番茄为试材，对单纯高压静电场的保鲜效果进行了初评，试验结果发现，改进后的高压静电保鲜装置能够有效地排除臭氧对果蔬的影响；单纯利用高压静电场保鲜果蔬也有明显的效果。
本研究通过试验选用了100kV／m，2h／d的电场作用条件，以苹果、桃和梨这三种呼吸跃变型果实为试材，研究了单纯高压静电场对果实感官属性、腐烂率、失重率、呼吸强度、硬度、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量以及Vc含量等采后品质的影响，并且从活性氧代谢入手，研究了高压静电场对SOD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量以及相对电导率的影响。
结果发现高压静电场处理能够降低几种呼吸跃变型果实采后的腐烂率、失重率，并能使果实保持良好的外观品质，可以抑制果实的呼吸作用和可溶性糖含量的积累，抑制果实硬度、可滴定酸含量和Vc含量的降低；并且外加高压静电场后，提高了超氧化物歧化酶SOD和过氧化氢酶CAT的活性，抑制了丙二醛MDA和果实相对电导率的升高，保持了果实细胞膜的完整性，延缓了嗯果实的衰老。：
In this research, the generating ability of ozone in the previous equipment was measured at first, and found that the concentration of ozone in storage space was higher enough to influence the fruit. So the previous equipment was changed by painting insulative oil paint and add an isolation fixing, the result is the generating ability was reduced to low can be ignored in the changed equipment, and to tomato, only the High Voltage static Electric Field (HVEF) still can keep it fresh.
In the research, 100kV/m and 2h/d were chosen by experiment. And apple, peach and pear were investigated in it. Some index of post-harvest qualities were measured during storage such as sensory property, rot rate, weight loose rate, respiratory activity, fruit firmness, content of dissolvable sugar, acidity, content of Vc. And SOD activity, CAT activity, content of MDA and relative conductance was measured as the index about the active oxygene metabolism system.
The results are: The HVEF can reduce the rot rate and weight loose rate, restrained breath and the accumulation of dissolvable sugar, and the HVEF can restrained the reduction of firmness, acidity and content of Vc. The HVEF advanced SOD and CAT activity in fruit, restrained the increase of content of MDA and relative conductance. So, the HVEF can reduced the maturating and senescence speed by advancing the activity of enzyme clean out the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and keep integrality of membrane.
本研究通过试验选用了100kV／m，2h／d的电场作用条件，以苹果、桃和梨这三种呼吸跃变型果实为试材，研究了单纯高压静电场对果实感官属性、腐烂率、失重率、呼吸强度、硬度、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量以及Vc含量等采后品质的影响，并且从活性氧代谢入手，研究了高压静电场对SOD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量以及相对电导率的影响。
结果发现高压静电场处理能够降低几种呼吸跃变型果实采后的腐烂率、失重率，并能使果实保持良好的外观品质，可以抑制果实的呼吸作用和可溶性糖含量的积累，抑制果实硬度、可滴定酸含量和Vc含量的降低；并且外加高压静电场后，提高了超氧化物歧化酶SOD和过氧化氢酶CAT的活性，抑制了丙二醛MDA和果实相对电导率的升高，保持了果实细胞膜的完整性，延缓了嗯果实的衰老。：
In this research, the generating ability of ozone in the previous equipment was measured at first, and found that the concentration of ozone in storage space was higher enough to influence the fruit. So the previous equipment was changed by painting insulative oil paint and add an isolation fixing, the result is the generating ability was reduced to low can be ignored in the changed equipment, and to tomato, only the High Voltage static Electric Field (HVEF) still can keep it fresh.
In the research, 100kV/m and 2h/d were chosen by experiment. And apple, peach and pear were investigated in it. Some index of post-harvest qualities were measured during storage such as sensory property, rot rate, weight loose rate, respiratory activity, fruit firmness, content of dissolvable sugar, acidity, content of Vc. And SOD activity, CAT activity, content of MDA and relative conductance was measured as the index about the active oxygene metabolism system.
The results are: The HVEF can reduce the rot rate and weight loose rate, restrained breath and the accumulation of dissolvable sugar, and the HVEF can restrained the reduction of firmness, acidity and content of Vc. The HVEF advanced SOD and CAT activity in fruit, restrained the increase of content of MDA and relative conductance. So, the HVEF can reduced the maturating and senescence speed by advancing the activity of enzyme clean out the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and keep integrality of membrane.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国农业部．中国农业发展报告．北京：中国农业出版社，2001，110～114
[2] 李拖平，高瑞霞，胡文玉．植物激素对芹菜贮藏效应的研究．食品科学，1994(5)：9～11
[3] 蔡静平，石贵龙，陶自沛，等．果蔬的复合涂膜保鲜研究．食品科学，1994(9)：62～64
[4] 章芳，禹航，王影．日本食品复合薄膜的研究开发现状．食品与机械，1995(4)：36～37
[5] 刘秀娟，杨业铜，谢道林，等．钴-60辐照芒果果实的防腐保鲜效应．热带作物学报，1996，17(2)：63～70
[6] 文成敬．陈文瑞．柑桔青绿霉病生物防治研究．西南农业学报，1995，8(3)：80～84
[7] Ogawa J W, et al. Control of postharvest diseases by chemical and physical means. H.E.Moline, eds Postharvest pathology of fruit and vegetables. California, 1984, 55～56
[8] 李曜东，魏玉凝，顾淑荣．PG与番茄果实成熟的关系．植物学通报，2004，21(1)：79～83
[9] Murr LE. Plant growth response in an electrokenetic field, Nature, 1965, 207:1177～1178
[10] Sidaway G H., Asprey G F.. Influence of electrostatic fields on seed germination. Nature, 1966, 211: 303
[11] Gross D. Electromobile surface charge alters membrane changes induced by applied electric fields. Biophysical, 1988, 54(11): 879～884
[12] 上平 恒．生体系水．东京：讲谈社，1989，13～58
[13] Chapman D. The role of water in biomembrane structure. J of Food Engi, 1994(22): 367～380
[14] 赵剑，马福荣，杨文杰，等．高压静电场预处理种子对大豆幼苗抗冷害的影响．生物物理学报，1997，13(3)：489～494
[15] 康敏，余登苑，柳学平，等．静电场对植物生长的生物效应研究．农业工程学报，1998(4)：252～254
[16] 谢晶，华泽钊．冻结马铃薯在高压直流电场中解冻的实验研究．上海理工大学学报，2000，22(3)：199～211
[17] 张全国，焦有宙，张泽星，等．高压静电预处理技术对番茄保鲜的影响．华中农业大学学报，2002，21(6)：558～562
[18] 王颉，李里特，丹阳，等．高压静电场处理对冬枣和北京14号桃品质的影响．食品科技，2003(3)：85～89
[19] 杨佩芳．静电场处理红星苹果贮藏品质的影响．落叶果树，1993(1)：30～37
[20] 李秀敏．青椒静电贮藏保鲜试验．静电，1994(2)：42～47
[21] 张振球．延长荔枝保鲜的实验探讨．静电，1994(3)：44～47
[22] 霍尔J L，贝克D A．细胞膜与离子传递(焦新立译)，北京：科学出版社，1985，33～42
[23] 尚念科．果蔬静电贮藏保鲜机理的探讨．静电，1994(4)：17～18
[24] Keda A, Kawai Y, Esaki K. Sterilization of vegetables preservated at low temperature with low ozone concentration. Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture, 1998, 10(4): 237～242
[25] Palou L, Smilanick J L, Crisosto C H. Effect of gaseous ozone exposure on the development of
green and blue molds on cold stored citrus fruit. Plant Disease, 2001, 85(6): 632～638
[26] 喻景权，驹田旦．臭氧对培养液中两种植物病原菌的杀菌效果．园艺学报，1998，25(1)：96～98
[27] 黄韵珠，王勋陵．臭氧对梨和苹果贮藏效果影响．北方园艺，1992(1)：47～50
[28] Peano C, Leo M, Botta R. Techniques of cold storage for red and white currants. Rivista di Fruit coltura e di Ortofloriccltura, 1998, 60(12): 27～31
[29] Perez A Z, Sanz, Rios J J. Effect of ozone treatment on postharvest strawberry quality. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 1999, 47(4): 1652～1656
[30] Bounous G, Giacalone G, Guarinoni A. Modified atmosphere storage of the highbush blueberry. Acta Horticulture, 446:197～203
[31] Liew C L, Prange R K. Effect of ozone and storage temperature on postharvest diseases and physiology of carrot(Daucus carota L). J Am Soc Hort Sci, 119(13): 563～567
[32] 中华人民共和国国家环境保护局．GB／T 15437．中华人民共和国国家标准—环境空气臭氧的测定 靛蓝二璜酸纳分光光度法．北京：中国标准出版社，1995
[33] 李里特．食品物性学．北京：中国农业出版社，2001，101～125
[34] 汤玉福．应用模糊数学方法评价双台子河水质．东北水利水电，2003，21(5)：35～36
[35] 陈军霞，刘小玮，杨会琴．模糊数学在人才综合素质评价中的应用．河北科技大学学报，2001，22(1)：80～83
[36] 张振球，梁苏琪，白先孝，等．延长荔枝保鲜期的实验探讨．静电生物效应，1989(11)：39～41
[37] 方胜，李里特．静电场对番茄保鲜的影响．食品科学，1997，18(1)：5～9
[38] 赵朝辉，李里特，方胜．高压静电场下黄瓜和豇豆的保鲜试验研究．中国农业大学学报，1998，3(6)：107～110
[39] 孙贵宝．高压静电场长期贮藏保鲜蓝莓果的试验研究．农机化研究，2003(1)：121～123
[40] 冯双庆，于梁，周丽丽，等．果蔬贮运学实验指导．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1991，53～54
[41] 李合生．植物生理生化实验原理和技术．北京：高等教育出版社，2000，165～261
[42] Bernnan T, Frankel C. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of senescence in pear. Plant Physiol, 1977(59): 411～416
[43] Frankel C.. Oxidative turnover of auxins in relation to the onset of ripening in Bartlett Pear. Plant Physiol, 1975(55): 480～484
[44] 关军锋，束怀瑞．苹果果实衰老与活性氧代谢的关系．园艺学报，1996，23(4)：326～328
[45] 柯德森，王爱国，罗广华．成熟香蕉果实活性氧与乙烯形成酶活性的关系．植物生理学报，1998，24(4)：313～319
[46] 史国安，郭凤香，张益民，等．GA_3和乙烯利对杏果实采后活性氧代谢的影响．园艺学报，1997，24(1)：87～88
[47] Du Z Y, Bramlage W J. Superoxide dismutase activities in senesing apple fruit. J. Food Sci., 1994, 59(3): 584～587
[48] Du Z Y, Bramlage W J. Peroxidative activity of apple peal in relation to development of poststorage disorders. HortSci., 1995, 30(2): 205～209
[49] 关军锋，束怀瑞，黄天栋．苹果果实衰老与膜脂过氧化作用的关系．河北农业大学学报，1991(1)：50～54
[50] Roigers S Y, Kumar G N M, Knowles N R. Maturation and ripening of fruit of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.Are accompanied by increasing oxidative stress. Ann. Bot, 1998, 81:203～211
[51] 关军锋，徐坤．菠菜叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化作用．河北农业技术师范学院学报，1996(4)：41～45
[52] 陈唯信，吴振先，朱建云，等．高温逆境对香蕉果实采后膜脂过氧化及细胞膜透性的影响．华南农业大学学报，1998，19(4)：72～81
[2] 李拖平，高瑞霞，胡文玉．植物激素对芹菜贮藏效应的研究．食品科学，1994(5)：9～11
[3] 蔡静平，石贵龙，陶自沛，等．果蔬的复合涂膜保鲜研究．食品科学，1994(9)：62～64
[4] 章芳，禹航，王影．日本食品复合薄膜的研究开发现状．食品与机械，1995(4)：36～37
[5] 刘秀娟，杨业铜，谢道林，等．钴-60辐照芒果果实的防腐保鲜效应．热带作物学报，1996，17(2)：63～70
[6] 文成敬．陈文瑞．柑桔青绿霉病生物防治研究．西南农业学报，1995，8(3)：80～84
[7] Ogawa J W, et al. Control of postharvest diseases by chemical and physical means. H.E.Moline, eds Postharvest pathology of fruit and vegetables. California, 1984, 55～56
[8] 李曜东，魏玉凝，顾淑荣．PG与番茄果实成熟的关系．植物学通报，2004，21(1)：79～83
[9] Murr LE. Plant growth response in an electrokenetic field, Nature, 1965, 207:1177～1178
[10] Sidaway G H., Asprey G F.. Influence of electrostatic fields on seed germination. Nature, 1966, 211: 303
[11] Gross D. Electromobile surface charge alters membrane changes induced by applied electric fields. Biophysical, 1988, 54(11): 879～884
[12] 上平 恒．生体系水．东京：讲谈社，1989，13～58
[13] Chapman D. The role of water in biomembrane structure. J of Food Engi, 1994(22): 367～380
[14] 赵剑，马福荣，杨文杰，等．高压静电场预处理种子对大豆幼苗抗冷害的影响．生物物理学报，1997，13(3)：489～494
[15] 康敏，余登苑，柳学平，等．静电场对植物生长的生物效应研究．农业工程学报，1998(4)：252～254
[16] 谢晶，华泽钊．冻结马铃薯在高压直流电场中解冻的实验研究．上海理工大学学报，2000，22(3)：199～211
[17] 张全国，焦有宙，张泽星，等．高压静电预处理技术对番茄保鲜的影响．华中农业大学学报，2002，21(6)：558～562
[18] 王颉，李里特，丹阳，等．高压静电场处理对冬枣和北京14号桃品质的影响．食品科技，2003(3)：85～89
[19] 杨佩芳．静电场处理红星苹果贮藏品质的影响．落叶果树，1993(1)：30～37
[20] 李秀敏．青椒静电贮藏保鲜试验．静电，1994(2)：42～47
[21] 张振球．延长荔枝保鲜的实验探讨．静电，1994(3)：44～47
[22] 霍尔J L，贝克D A．细胞膜与离子传递(焦新立译)，北京：科学出版社，1985，33～42
[23] 尚念科．果蔬静电贮藏保鲜机理的探讨．静电，1994(4)：17～18
[24] Keda A, Kawai Y, Esaki K. Sterilization of vegetables preservated at low temperature with low ozone concentration. Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture, 1998, 10(4): 237～242
[25] Palou L, Smilanick J L, Crisosto C H. Effect of gaseous ozone exposure on the development of
green and blue molds on cold stored citrus fruit. Plant Disease, 2001, 85(6): 632～638
[26] 喻景权，驹田旦．臭氧对培养液中两种植物病原菌的杀菌效果．园艺学报，1998，25(1)：96～98
[27] 黄韵珠，王勋陵．臭氧对梨和苹果贮藏效果影响．北方园艺，1992(1)：47～50
[28] Peano C, Leo M, Botta R. Techniques of cold storage for red and white currants. Rivista di Fruit coltura e di Ortofloriccltura, 1998, 60(12): 27～31
[29] Perez A Z, Sanz, Rios J J. Effect of ozone treatment on postharvest strawberry quality. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 1999, 47(4): 1652～1656
[30] Bounous G, Giacalone G, Guarinoni A. Modified atmosphere storage of the highbush blueberry. Acta Horticulture, 446:197～203
[31] Liew C L, Prange R K. Effect of ozone and storage temperature on postharvest diseases and physiology of carrot(Daucus carota L). J Am Soc Hort Sci, 119(13): 563～567
[32] 中华人民共和国国家环境保护局．GB／T 15437．中华人民共和国国家标准—环境空气臭氧的测定 靛蓝二璜酸纳分光光度法．北京：中国标准出版社，1995
[33] 李里特．食品物性学．北京：中国农业出版社，2001，101～125
[34] 汤玉福．应用模糊数学方法评价双台子河水质．东北水利水电，2003，21(5)：35～36
[35] 陈军霞，刘小玮，杨会琴．模糊数学在人才综合素质评价中的应用．河北科技大学学报，2001，22(1)：80～83
[36] 张振球，梁苏琪，白先孝，等．延长荔枝保鲜期的实验探讨．静电生物效应，1989(11)：39～41
[37] 方胜，李里特．静电场对番茄保鲜的影响．食品科学，1997，18(1)：5～9
[38] 赵朝辉，李里特，方胜．高压静电场下黄瓜和豇豆的保鲜试验研究．中国农业大学学报，1998，3(6)：107～110
[39] 孙贵宝．高压静电场长期贮藏保鲜蓝莓果的试验研究．农机化研究，2003(1)：121～123
[40] 冯双庆，于梁，周丽丽，等．果蔬贮运学实验指导．北京：北京农业大学出版社，1991，53～54
[41] 李合生．植物生理生化实验原理和技术．北京：高等教育出版社，2000，165～261
[42] Bernnan T, Frankel C. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of senescence in pear. Plant Physiol, 1977(59): 411～416
[43] Frankel C.. Oxidative turnover of auxins in relation to the onset of ripening in Bartlett Pear. Plant Physiol, 1975(55): 480～484
[44] 关军锋，束怀瑞．苹果果实衰老与活性氧代谢的关系．园艺学报，1996，23(4)：326～328
[45] 柯德森，王爱国，罗广华．成熟香蕉果实活性氧与乙烯形成酶活性的关系．植物生理学报，1998，24(4)：313～319
[46] 史国安，郭凤香，张益民，等．GA_3和乙烯利对杏果实采后活性氧代谢的影响．园艺学报，1997，24(1)：87～88
[47] Du Z Y, Bramlage W J. Superoxide dismutase activities in senesing apple fruit. J. Food Sci., 1994, 59(3): 584～587
[48] Du Z Y, Bramlage W J. Peroxidative activity of apple peal in relation to development of poststorage disorders. HortSci., 1995, 30(2): 205～209
[49] 关军锋，束怀瑞，黄天栋．苹果果实衰老与膜脂过氧化作用的关系．河北农业大学学报，1991(1)：50～54
[50] Roigers S Y, Kumar G N M, Knowles N R. Maturation and ripening of fruit of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.Are accompanied by increasing oxidative stress. Ann. Bot, 1998, 81:203～211
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