冬枣采后生理及其高效贮藏保鲜药剂的筛选研究
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摘要
本试验研究了冬枣采后贮藏过程中与衰老(褐变、酒软、腐烂)有关的物质变化及酶活性变化，对冬枣采后贮藏生理进行了分析；同时根据冬枣衰老变化的规律筛选实用的贮藏保鲜化学药剂。结果表明：冬枣属于非跃变型呼吸类型；常温贮藏过程中极易失水；冬枣采后贮藏过程中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶的活性下降；淀粉酶活性前期上升，后期下降；果胶甲酯酶活性上升；乙醇含量上升；维生素C含量下降。其中乙醇和淀粉酶与冬枣硬度关系最密切，乙醇含量和维生素C含量呈负相关，果胶甲酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶是枣果软化的关键酶但并非决定酶。在选择的几种药剂中，不同温度条件下保鲜效果差距较大，低温冷库下有较好的保鲜效果。在低温冷库贮藏条件下，不同浓度和不同的药剂中以500 uL·L~(-1)施保克保鲜效果最好，可有效地抑制冬枣的软化，贮藏至60d时其商品率仍然可以达到89.4％的较高水平，是一种较为理想的实用保鲜技术。无论采用何种保鲜技术，在贮藏后期冬枣都极易腐烂，这可能与其复杂的衰老机理有关，也是值得继续深入研究的课题。
In this paper, changes of the substance and activities of en2ymes about post-harvest physiology of winter-jujube were studied and several chemicals were screened for winter-jujube storage based on the analyses of the post-harvest physiology and the senescence mechanism. The results showed that, during storage, distinct respiration peaks were not found; the lost of water was easy and quick at the normal temperature. The softening of the harvested winter-jujube was coincided with the decrease of polygalacturonase activity and carboxymethylcellulose. Amylase activity increased at the beginning of storage and decreased at last, pectinmethylesterases activity increased, ethanol content increased, Vc content was negatively correlated with ethanol. Ethanol content and amylase activity have most important impact on the firmness of winter-jujube was found after statistic analyses. Several chemicals were screened for winter-jujube storage. In all treatments, -l癈+500 uL L--1 prochloraz+holed plastic film can effective
ly inhibit the softening of winter-jujube. With this treatment the ratio of sellable fruit touches to 89.4 percent , it is distinct higher than another treatment or none treatment. The fruits tend to decay at later period of storage though they were treated by chemicals and low temperature and other technologies.
In this paper, changes of the substance and activities of en2ymes about post-harvest physiology of winter-jujube were studied and several chemicals were screened for winter-jujube storage based on the analyses of the post-harvest physiology and the senescence mechanism. The results showed that, during storage, distinct respiration peaks were not found; the lost of water was easy and quick at the normal temperature. The softening of the harvested winter-jujube was coincided with the decrease of polygalacturonase activity and carboxymethylcellulose. Amylase activity increased at the beginning of storage and decreased at last, pectinmethylesterases activity increased, ethanol content increased, Vc content was negatively correlated with ethanol. Ethanol content and amylase activity have most important impact on the firmness of winter-jujube was found after statistic analyses. Several chemicals were screened for winter-jujube storage. In all treatments, -l癈+500 uL L--1 prochloraz+holed plastic film can effective
ly inhibit the softening of winter-jujube. With this treatment the ratio of sellable fruit touches to 89.4 percent , it is distinct higher than another treatment or none treatment. The fruits tend to decay at later period of storage though they were treated by chemicals and low temperature and other technologies.
引文
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[5] 王如福．鲜枣耐贮性的影响因素及调控机理研究．中国农业大学博士学位论文，2002
[6] 张崇浩，李杰芳．枣果实生长成熟过程中内源激素水平的变化．北京师范大学学报，1988，(1)：79～83
[7] Lu GH.Wound-induced respiration in thin slice of Chinese jujube fruit. Plant physiology vol,1992, 141: 115～119
[8] 吴延军．CaCl_2和低温处理对枣软化衰老的效应．西北农业大学硕士学位论文，1997
[9] 任小林，李嘉瑞，常经武．枣果实的呼吸和乙烯代谢．果树科学，1994，11(2)：103～110
[10] 张培正．大枣采后生理特性研究．中国果品研究，1995，3：9～11
[11] Abbas MF, Saggar RA. Respiration rate, ethylene production and certain chemical changes during the ripening of jujube fruit. Journal of Horticultural science, 1989, 64(2) 223～225
[12] Rhodes MJC.The maturation and ripening of fruits. In: Senescence in plants(Thimann. kK.V.,Ed.) CRC Press Inc.Boca Raton Florida. 1980: 157～205
[13] 王文生等，1995。鲜枣失重与影响因子及其耐藏性关系的研究。中国科协第二届青年学术年会食品科学论文集，艺苑出版社。
[14] S.Siddiqui and O.EGupta. 1996. Effect of attached pedical on the shelf life of ber(Ziziphns mauritiana lamk)fruit CV. KaithLi、Indian Journal of plant physiology New Seris Vol. (1): 70-72.
[15] 曲泽洲．枣贮藏保鲜试验技术研究，中国农业科学，1987，20(21)：86-91
[16] 陈祖钺．鲜枣贮藏的初步研究(Ⅰ)—品种耐藏性、成熟度和温度对保鲜效果的影响．山西
农业大学学报，1983，3(2)：48～53
[17] Abbas MF, Al-niami JH. The effect of ethephon on the ripening of fruit of jujube. Journal of Horticultural Science, 1994, 69(3) 465～466
[18] 寇晓红，王文生．鲜枣果实衰老与膜脂过氧化作用关系的研究．园艺学报，2000，27(4)：287～289
[19] 任小林，李嘉瑞，常经武．枣果实的呼吸和乙烯代谢．果树科学，1994，11(2)：103～110
[20] 宗亦臣．枣果采后褐变与贮藏技术的研究．中国农业大学硕士学位论文，2001
[21] 梁小娥．枣采后果肉软化的生长和细胞超微结构变化．园艺学报，1998，25(4)：333～337
[22] 刘晓军，邹东云，王群．湿冷贮藏对冬枣软化水解酶活性影响的研究。粮油加工与食品机械，2001(3)：7～8
[23] 张微，吕忠恕．脱落酸与杏果成熟作用的关系．植物学报，1983，25(6)：537～543
[24] Zhang dapeng. Studies on the veraision mechanisms: physiological and biochemical responses of grapeberry to exogenous hormone treatment and girdling during the lag phase of berry growth.Acta Hort Sin, 1997, 24(1): 1～7
[25] Lara I Vendrell M. Relationships between ethylene, abscisic acid and quality during postharvest storage of Granny Smith apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1998, 13(1): 11～18
[26] 吴有梅，顾采琴，刘愚．ABA和乙烯在草莓采后成熟衰老中的作用．植物生理学报，1992，18(2)：167～172
[27] 林植芳．采后荔枝果实中氧化和过氧化作用的变化．植物学报，1988，30(4)：382～387
[28] Coombe BG.The hormone content of ripening grape berries and the effects of growth substance treatments. Plant Physiol., 1973, 51: 629～634
[29] 王永蕙，刘孟军，王文江，1992。鲜枣贮藏研究概述。果树科学，9(4)：234-238
[30] 任小林等，1995．枣的耐藏性及其生物学特性研究．园艺学报，22(1)：25-28
[31] 祁寿椿等，1984．鲜枣贮藏研究(Ⅱ)．园艺，(3-4)30-33
[32] 闫锡海等，1993．低温涂膜对大枣贮存保鲜效果的影响．食品科学，10：59-61。
[33] 续九如等，1995．枣果冷藏保鲜试验研究．河北林来科技，9：7-10
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[35]张培正等，1995．大枣气调贮藏保鲜技术研究．中国果品研究，1：1-4
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