云南省高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性空间分布格局的研究
摘要
目的调查和研究云南高原湖泊湿地蚊类的组成、多样性空间分布格局及与重要环境因素的关系。方法以云南省为调查和研究的空间范围及尺度,蚊类(Culicidae)作为研究对象,应用紫外灯诱捕法对分布于该省(约北纬23°-28°N、海拔1000-3500 m之间)的21个主要高原湖泊湿地夜间活动的成蚊进行通宵调查取样。调查于2007—2009三年间,云南雨季、气温和蚊类密度高峰期的7-9月份进行。所获数据进行统计学处理后,就云南高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性及空间分布格局、特征及与环境因素关系等问题进行分析和探讨。结果共捕获蚊类506 974只,隶属于2亚科6属36种。其中，按蚊属(Anopheles) 8种、库蚊属(Culex) 19种、伊蚊属(Aedes) 6种、阿蚊属(Armigeres)、曼蚊属(Mansonia)和脉毛蚊属(Culiseta)各1种。三带喙库蚊(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)占此次调查捕获蚊类总数的86.25%,是云南湖泊湿地数量上的优势种。统计分析结果显示：(1)物种丰富度随纬度的升高呈双峰分布格局,两高峰的具体位置处于Ⅱ带(24°N)和Ⅳ带(26°N)；随海拔的升高物种丰富度呈现先增高然后缓慢降低又下降的宽峰型分布格局,峰值出现在B带(1500 m-2000 m)；(2)α多样性(Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数)随纬度和海拔梯度的升高均呈现为逐步升高的趋势,其分布趋势与蚊类密度呈显著负相关：(3)β多样性(Cody指数)随纬度的升高,出现逐渐升高的趋势,在Ⅳ带与Ⅴ带(26°N-27°N)之间达最高；随着海拔梯度的升高,Cody指数呈现先升高又逐渐降低的宽峰分布格局,高峰点位于海拔梯度C带(2000m-)与D带(2500m-)之间,研究认为上述高峰(北纬26°N-27°N和海拔2000m-2500m之间)区间,是云南高原湖泊湿地的蚊类区系沿纬度和海拔产生明显改变和两大区系交汇和分异的区域；(4)聚类结果显示：在不同纬度、海拔梯度带分布的蚊类均被分划成为3大类：即东洋区系；东洋区系向古北区系过渡带或交汇区；古北区系；(5)通过21个湖泊湿地蚊类的聚类分析看出,云南湖泊湿地蚊类的组成基本可分为5大类,它们反映了湿地蚊类的组成和分布与其湖泊所处地理位置和海拔高度都有一定的关系；(6)对21个高原湖泊湿地蚊类物种多样性(物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数)与重要地理环境因素和主要蚊种的关系分析结果显示：a.物种丰富度与海拔、降水量、气温和主要蚊种多度均无明显相关；b.多样性指数与海拔、气温和三带喙库蚊多度呈显著相关,但与降水量无相关；c.均匀度指数与海拔、气温和三带喙库蚊多度呈显著相关,但与降水量无相关；d.优势度指数与海拔呈负相关,与三带喙库蚊多度显著相关,但与气温和降水量无相关关系。结论首次对云南省高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性大尺度空间分布格局及区系分异进行了调查和研究,发现了该区域高原湖泊湿地蚊类多样性与区系沿纬度和海拔梯度分布的基本规律与特征,证实湿地蚊类多样性及空间分布格局与海拔高度、气温、蚊类密度和优势种三带喙库蚊多度显著相关,而与雨量无关。
Abstract Objective To investigare and study Mosquitoes composition,diversity and spatiel(?) plateau lakes and wetlands；to explore the main (?) distribution and its correlation Method (?) of space in Yunnan Province.Mosquitoes ((?) light trap method is found in the prvince (?) 1000-3500 m above sea level)of the 21 major (?) survey sampling mosquitoes overnight (?) rainy season,temperature and mosquito density.(?) of the data were analyzed synthetically with (?) diversity,characteristics and relation of the (?) Plateau lakes wetland with environmental factors (?) mosquitoes were collected in Yunnan,36 species (?) and 2 Families.Among them,the (?) 6 species,,Armigeres,Mansonia,Culiseta is one (?) is dominant species (86.25 percent of total that:(1)The richness of mosquitoes in (?) gradient showed that there were two peak (?) 24°N-25°N and 26°N-27°N latituades:A broad(?) to elevation was observed.The peak (?) zone and then decreased by degrees with (?) (Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index) (?) latitude and altitude,Its distribution tendency and (?) inverse correlation (3) Genus and speciesβ(?)gradually with the increasing latitude；the (?) the mid-latitude zone；A broad peak distribution pattern according to elevation was observed. The peak occurred at about 2,000-2,500m at mid-altitude zone and then decreased by degrees with the increasing altitude between the peak (latitude 26°N-27°N and between 2000-2500m above sea level) range, plateau lakes in Yunnan wetlands Mosquitoes fauna along the latitude and altitude produce significant changes and differentiation of the two major regional flora. (4) The Cluster analysis showed:This grouping results correspond to the three main regional In different latitude, elevation gradient with the distribution of mosquitoes those are Oriental fauna, the transitional association or intersection association between Oriental fauna and Palaearctic fauna, Palaearctic fauna (5) By 21 lakes, wetlands, mosquito cluster analysis shows Yunnan lake wetland composition of mosquitoes can be divided into five basic categories. This reflect the composition of wetland and distribution of mosquitoes and their geographical location and altitude lakes have a degree. (6) 21 Plateau wetland mosquito species multiplicity (species abundance, multiple indices, uniformity index, dominance index) the relationship with the important geogen and the main mosquito analysis result showed:a) It was not obviously related that Species richness and altitude, temperature and precipitation, mainly aedes mosquitoes of degrees b) It was significantly obviously related that The multiple indices and latitude, the temperature and species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus but it was not related with the precipitation c) It was not obviously related that uniformity index The multiple indices and latitude, the temperature and species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus but it was not related with the precipitation d) It was negative correlation dominance index and the elevation assume,with significantly correlation species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus,but it was not related with the precipitation and Temperature Conclusion It is the first time for investigation and research plateau lakes wetland mosquito diversity of large scale space distribution pattern and flora in Yunnan There is basic laws and characteristics in highland lakes and wetlands in the region of mosquito fauna and diversity along latitude and altitude, It is confirmed that the wetland mosquito diversity and its spatial pattern and altitude and temperature, the mosquito density. Dominant species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was significantly correlated, but has nothing to do with rainfall.
Abstract Objective To investigare and study Mosquitoes composition,diversity and spatiel(?) plateau lakes and wetlands；to explore the main (?) distribution and its correlation Method (?) of space in Yunnan Province.Mosquitoes ((?) light trap method is found in the prvince (?) 1000-3500 m above sea level)of the 21 major (?) survey sampling mosquitoes overnight (?) rainy season,temperature and mosquito density.(?) of the data were analyzed synthetically with (?) diversity,characteristics and relation of the (?) Plateau lakes wetland with environmental factors (?) mosquitoes were collected in Yunnan,36 species (?) and 2 Families.Among them,the (?) 6 species,,Armigeres,Mansonia,Culiseta is one (?) is dominant species (86.25 percent of total that:(1)The richness of mosquitoes in (?) gradient showed that there were two peak (?) 24°N-25°N and 26°N-27°N latituades:A broad(?) to elevation was observed.The peak (?) zone and then decreased by degrees with (?) (Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index) (?) latitude and altitude,Its distribution tendency and (?) inverse correlation (3) Genus and speciesβ(?)gradually with the increasing latitude；the (?) the mid-latitude zone；A broad peak distribution pattern according to elevation was observed. The peak occurred at about 2,000-2,500m at mid-altitude zone and then decreased by degrees with the increasing altitude between the peak (latitude 26°N-27°N and between 2000-2500m above sea level) range, plateau lakes in Yunnan wetlands Mosquitoes fauna along the latitude and altitude produce significant changes and differentiation of the two major regional flora. (4) The Cluster analysis showed:This grouping results correspond to the three main regional In different latitude, elevation gradient with the distribution of mosquitoes those are Oriental fauna, the transitional association or intersection association between Oriental fauna and Palaearctic fauna, Palaearctic fauna (5) By 21 lakes, wetlands, mosquito cluster analysis shows Yunnan lake wetland composition of mosquitoes can be divided into five basic categories. This reflect the composition of wetland and distribution of mosquitoes and their geographical location and altitude lakes have a degree. (6) 21 Plateau wetland mosquito species multiplicity (species abundance, multiple indices, uniformity index, dominance index) the relationship with the important geogen and the main mosquito analysis result showed:a) It was not obviously related that Species richness and altitude, temperature and precipitation, mainly aedes mosquitoes of degrees b) It was significantly obviously related that The multiple indices and latitude, the temperature and species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus but it was not related with the precipitation c) It was not obviously related that uniformity index The multiple indices and latitude, the temperature and species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus but it was not related with the precipitation d) It was negative correlation dominance index and the elevation assume,with significantly correlation species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus,but it was not related with the precipitation and Temperature Conclusion It is the first time for investigation and research plateau lakes wetland mosquito diversity of large scale space distribution pattern and flora in Yunnan There is basic laws and characteristics in highland lakes and wetlands in the region of mosquito fauna and diversity along latitude and altitude, It is confirmed that the wetland mosquito diversity and its spatial pattern and altitude and temperature, the mosquito density. Dominant species abundance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was significantly correlated, but has nothing to do with rainfall.
引文
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