音乐调节法对WCBA篮球运动员疲劳恢复的影响研究
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摘要
疲劳作为运动训练与竞赛中一个永恒的话题,一直倍受体育界人士的关注。篮球运动训练与竞赛有其自身的特点与规律,其产生疲劳的特点与其他运动项目也截然不同。如何有效地掌握整个篮球运动训练过程,使其运动训练朝着预定的方向发展,除了掌握科学的运动训练方法、手段之外,还必须懂得不同的训练、比赛阶段或时期产生的疲劳类型也不相同。不同的疲劳类型产生的部位和原因不同,采用恢复的手段与方法就应有明显的区别和差异。近3年由于WCBA联赛的赛制改革和篮球运动的发展趋势,使得对联赛女子篮球运动员在技战术水平、体能、心理、身体条件上都提出了更高的要求。而体能做为各技战术水平发挥的一个主要因素,如何将运动员的体能保持在一个比较平衡较好的状态下在日常的训练过程中疲劳的恢复程度也就突显出来。
音乐调节法是指在运动训练比赛中以音乐调节运动员的神经系统,消除疲劳,提高运动能力的方法。音乐调节法是一种系统化的调节过程,在这一过程中,音乐可以对人的生理和心理两方面产生积极的影响,对运动员成绩提高有促进作用。在以往的研究中对音乐在体育运动中的价值给予了充分的肯定,但是,只是将音乐套用在体育训练中,并没有形成一个系统、完善的选曲依据。所以,如何形成一套合理、系统的选曲依据就显得由为重要。本文研究为音乐调节法对WCBA联赛篮球运动员疲劳恢复的研究。主要借助音乐治疗学的观点,综合运用运动训练学、运动生理学、运动心理学的相关理论,把音乐调节法运用到WCBA联赛篮球运动员的疲劳恢复的研究当中。本文采用了文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法等多种方法,对篮球运动疲劳的类型特点、恢复的手段与方法以及音乐调节法的作用机理进行深入研究,并对篮球运动员产生的不同疲劳类型选取合理的音乐调节曲目。通过篮球运动员疲劳诊断方法:(1)闪光融合频率测定(2)肌力测定(3)主观判断法测定对运动训练前后的疲劳程度进行诊断;并对疲劳程度进行对比分析,并提出相应的对策。这不仅为WCBA联赛篮球运动员的疲劳恢复提供一种新的手段,更重要的是为运动员下一阶段的训练和比赛打下良好的基础,并为其他运动项目的运动员日常训练和比赛的疲劳与恢复提供有益的参考。
In the weary achievement movement training and the competition aneternal topic, continuously doubles the sports public figure'sattention. The basketball movement training and the competition hasits own characteristic and the rule, it has the weary characteristicand other movement projects also entirely different. How effectivelygrasps the entire basketball movement training process, causes itsmovement training to face the direction which prearranges to develop, besides grasps the science the movement training method, the method,but also must understand the different training, the competition stageor the time produce the weary type is not same. The different wearytype produces the spot and the reason are different, uses the method and the method which restores should have the obvious difference andthe difference. In the recent 3 years as a result of the WCBA league tournamentathletic competition system reform and the basketball movementdevelopment tendency, caused to the league tournament femalebasketball athlete in the technique tactical level, the physicalability, the psychology, the bodily condition all to set a higherrequest. But the physical ability does for a various techniquestactical level display primary factor, how maintains athlete'sphysical ability under a quite balanced better condition the wearyrestoration degree also suddenly appears in the daily trainingprocess.
The music adjustment method refers in the movement trainingcompetition to the music adjusts athlete's nervous system, eliminate swearily, sharpens the movement ability the method.The music adjustment method is one kind of system atized adjustment process, in thisprocess, the music may has the positive influence to person's physiology and the psychological two aspects, has the promoter actionto the athlete result enhancement. Has given the full affirmation inthe former research to the music in the sports value, the only appliance mechanically the music in the sports training, certainly has not formed a system, the consummation selected song basis. Therefore,how forms a set reasonably, the system selected song basis appears is important. This article studies for the music adjustment method the research which wearily restores to the WCBA league tournament basketball athlete. Mainly draws support from the music therapeutics the viewpoint, thesynthesis utilization movement training study, the physiology ofexercise, the movement psychology related theory, utilizes theresearch the music adjustment method which the WCBA league tournamentbasketball athlete wearily restores. This article has used the literature material method, the expert visit conversation method, the questionnaire survey method, the mathematical statistic method and so on the many kinds of methods, from the macroscopic angle the method and the method as well as the music adjustment action mechanism which to the basketball movement weary type characteristic, restores conducts the thorough research, and different weary type selection reasonable music adjustment program which produces to the basketball athlete. Wearily diagnoses the method through the basketball athlete: (1) the Flash Fusion Frequency Determination (2) the Muscle Strength Determination (3) the Subjective Judgment Method Determination after to test the group and the comparison group carries on the movement training the weary degree to carry on the diagnosis; And carries on the contrast analysis to the weary degree, and proposes thecorresponding countermeasure. This not only is the WCBA league tournament basketball athlete wearilyrestores provides one new method, more importantly builds the goodfoundation for the athlete next stage training and the competition,and wearily with restores for other movement projects athlete dailytrainings and the competition provides the beneficial reference.
音乐调节法是指在运动训练比赛中以音乐调节运动员的神经系统,消除疲劳,提高运动能力的方法。音乐调节法是一种系统化的调节过程,在这一过程中,音乐可以对人的生理和心理两方面产生积极的影响,对运动员成绩提高有促进作用。在以往的研究中对音乐在体育运动中的价值给予了充分的肯定,但是,只是将音乐套用在体育训练中,并没有形成一个系统、完善的选曲依据。所以,如何形成一套合理、系统的选曲依据就显得由为重要。本文研究为音乐调节法对WCBA联赛篮球运动员疲劳恢复的研究。主要借助音乐治疗学的观点,综合运用运动训练学、运动生理学、运动心理学的相关理论,把音乐调节法运用到WCBA联赛篮球运动员的疲劳恢复的研究当中。本文采用了文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、实验法等多种方法,对篮球运动疲劳的类型特点、恢复的手段与方法以及音乐调节法的作用机理进行深入研究,并对篮球运动员产生的不同疲劳类型选取合理的音乐调节曲目。通过篮球运动员疲劳诊断方法:(1)闪光融合频率测定(2)肌力测定(3)主观判断法测定对运动训练前后的疲劳程度进行诊断;并对疲劳程度进行对比分析,并提出相应的对策。这不仅为WCBA联赛篮球运动员的疲劳恢复提供一种新的手段,更重要的是为运动员下一阶段的训练和比赛打下良好的基础,并为其他运动项目的运动员日常训练和比赛的疲劳与恢复提供有益的参考。
In the weary achievement movement training and the competition aneternal topic, continuously doubles the sports public figure'sattention. The basketball movement training and the competition hasits own characteristic and the rule, it has the weary characteristicand other movement projects also entirely different. How effectivelygrasps the entire basketball movement training process, causes itsmovement training to face the direction which prearranges to develop, besides grasps the science the movement training method, the method,but also must understand the different training, the competition stageor the time produce the weary type is not same. The different wearytype produces the spot and the reason are different, uses the method and the method which restores should have the obvious difference andthe difference. In the recent 3 years as a result of the WCBA league tournamentathletic competition system reform and the basketball movementdevelopment tendency, caused to the league tournament femalebasketball athlete in the technique tactical level, the physicalability, the psychology, the bodily condition all to set a higherrequest. But the physical ability does for a various techniquestactical level display primary factor, how maintains athlete'sphysical ability under a quite balanced better condition the wearyrestoration degree also suddenly appears in the daily trainingprocess.
The music adjustment method refers in the movement trainingcompetition to the music adjusts athlete's nervous system, eliminate swearily, sharpens the movement ability the method.The music adjustment method is one kind of system atized adjustment process, in thisprocess, the music may has the positive influence to person's physiology and the psychological two aspects, has the promoter actionto the athlete result enhancement. Has given the full affirmation inthe former research to the music in the sports value, the only appliance mechanically the music in the sports training, certainly has not formed a system, the consummation selected song basis. Therefore,how forms a set reasonably, the system selected song basis appears is important. This article studies for the music adjustment method the research which wearily restores to the WCBA league tournament basketball athlete. Mainly draws support from the music therapeutics the viewpoint, thesynthesis utilization movement training study, the physiology ofexercise, the movement psychology related theory, utilizes theresearch the music adjustment method which the WCBA league tournamentbasketball athlete wearily restores. This article has used the literature material method, the expert visit conversation method, the questionnaire survey method, the mathematical statistic method and so on the many kinds of methods, from the macroscopic angle the method and the method as well as the music adjustment action mechanism which to the basketball movement weary type characteristic, restores conducts the thorough research, and different weary type selection reasonable music adjustment program which produces to the basketball athlete. Wearily diagnoses the method through the basketball athlete: (1) the Flash Fusion Frequency Determination (2) the Muscle Strength Determination (3) the Subjective Judgment Method Determination after to test the group and the comparison group carries on the movement training the weary degree to carry on the diagnosis; And carries on the contrast analysis to the weary degree, and proposes thecorresponding countermeasure. This not only is the WCBA league tournament basketball athlete wearilyrestores provides one new method, more importantly builds the goodfoundation for the athlete next stage training and the competition,and wearily with restores for other movement projects athlete dailytrainings and the competition provides the beneficial reference.
引文
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[3]张力为,毛志雄.运动心理学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003:459
[4]Agell I.Musical management of Parkinson’s disease[J].Hosp Med,2002,63(1):54
[5]黄国志.音乐治疗与身心康复[J].中国康复医学杂志,1996,11(4):190-192
[6]力芳平.音乐疗法的观察[J].中国康复医学杂志,1998,9(4):1
[7]焦春梅,相建华.《音乐与健康》,金盾出版社,1999,6.
[8]乔德才,汤长发,邓树勋.《运动心理学实验》.高等教育出版社,2006,7:216
[1] 周家骥译.音乐和运动[M].前苏联莫斯科人民出版社,1982
[2] 叶国雄.篮球运动研究必读[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1997.6
[3] 王步标等.人体生理学[M].高等教育出版社,1999.5
[4] 田麦久.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000.16-20
[5] 孙民治.篮球运动教学训练试题解答[M].人民体育出版社,2001.11
[6] 全国体育院校教材委员会.篮球运动高级教程[M].人民体育出版社,2002.6
[7] (美)理查德·考克斯.运动心理学概念与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2003.3
[8] 周复三等.音乐欣赏教程[M].山东大学出版社,2004.1
[9] 彭聃龄.普通心理学[M].北京师范大学出版社,2004.3
[10] 高 天.音乐治疗导论[M].军事医学科学出版社,2006.7
[11] 高 天.第一届音乐治疗训练班讲义[R].2000.1
[12] 李京诚.不同放松方法的心理训练对主观松弛感感和自主生理反应的影响D.北京体育大学.2002
[13] 许永刚.体育运动训练竞赛中的疲劳类型问题的分析研究[J].广州体育学院学报,1992.12.(4)
[14] 郑英朝.节奏是生理学的语言[J].音乐治疗学科信息,1994.(3)
[15] 石韫琳.音乐与体育运动结合初探[J].西安体育学院,1995.12,(4)
[16] 晓 洋.谈运动性疲劳和运动后的恢复[J].中国学校体育,1996.(2)
[17] 陈永清.消除运动性疲劳,提高训练效果[J].福建学校体育卫生,1996.(2)
[18] 龚 斌.浅析体育与音乐的关系[J].湖北体育科技,2001.6.(2)
[19] 吴绍明等.运动训练中疲劳与恢复的研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001.8.(4)
[20] 王 郓等.试论篮球运动的节奏[J].湖北体育科技,2001.9.(3)
[21] 陈作松.国际运动心理学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].成都体育学院学报,2002.(3)
[22] 梁俏梅.运动时噪声对身心健康的影响[J].辽宁体育科技,2002.4.(2)
[23] 潘兰芳等.引入音乐的高校女生篮球课效果的实践研究[J].玉林师范学院学报(自然科学),2003.(3)
[24] 赵晓明.利用音乐功能提高体育课效率[J].大庆高等专科学校学报,2003.4.(2)
[25] 王春生等.篮球比赛中运动员的消极情绪及其调整与克服[J].武汉体育学院学报,2003.5.(3)
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