好氧氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌耦合培养及NO_2的强化作用
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摘要
好氧氨氧化与厌氧氨氧化耦合颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮与传统的硝化反硝化过程相比可以减少60%以上的O_2消耗并且不消耗COD,能大幅减少废水生物脱氮过程的能量消耗和CO_2排放量。论文通过EGSB连续运行试验、SBR反应器间歇实验和显微镜观察法,研究好氧和厌氧氨氧化耦合颗粒污泥限制DO下完全自营养脱氮机理及影响因素;研究添加微量NO_2强化生物反应器完全自营养脱氮特性;研究投加活性炭粉末对反应器内脱氮性能及颗粒化效果的影响。
①在EGSB反应器中同时接种好氧氨氧化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥进行完全自营养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养,pH控制在7.6～8.0,DO控制在0.6～0.8 mg/L,上升流速为4.2m/h。反应器经过120多天的运行,NH_4~+-N去除效率达75%,总氮去除效率为52%,总氮去除速率达0.101 kg/(m~3·d)。
②采用间歇实验研究NH_4~+-N浓度、DO浓度及pH对颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮的特性的影响。好氧氨氧化和厌氧氨氧化速率在一定范围内随NH_4~+-N浓度增加而增加。过高的DO使亚硝酸盐氧化速率升高,厌氧氨氧化受到抑制,反应器总氮去除效率降低,NO_2-和NO_3~-累积;DO较低时,好氧氨氧化速率降低,NO_2-生成速率低,限制了厌氧氨氧化的提高,导致总氮去除速率低,但总氮去除效率较高,NO_2-和NO_3~-积累较少。当氨氮浓度为60mg/L、DO为0.4~0.6mg/L时,总氮去除速率为27.96 mg/(gMLSS·d),总氮去除效率为68%。合适的pH有利于提高颗粒污泥的脱氮性能,当pH值为7.8时,总氮去除率达最大值。
③采用SBR反应器间歇实验方法,研究微量NO_2对颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮学特性的影响。无O_2时好氧氨氧化菌的NO_2型氨氧化可用Andrews方程描述,最大氨氮降解速率为5.36 mg/(g·h)。存在O_2时,NO/NO_2形成的NOx循环能强化好氧氨氧化过程,常规好氧氨氧化过程和NO_2强化好氧氨氧化过程同时发生。当DO浓度为1.5～2.0mg/L,NO_2为4.475 mmol/m~3时,氨氮降解速率最大值为161.21 mg/(g.h)。
④向EGSB反应器中投加活性炭粉末,研究其对反应器脱氮性能和颗粒化效果的影响。投加活性炭后NH_4~+-N和总氮的去除效率分别达到85%、59%,与未加活性炭时相比有提高;总氮的去除速率达0.10 kg/(m~3·d),与未加活性炭时相比基本相同。未投机活性炭粉末时,污泥颗粒平均粒径主要分布在0.5～1.0mm;投加活性炭粉末提高了完全自营养脱氮颗粒污泥的颗粒化效果,污泥颗粒平均粒径主要分布在0.8～1.2,污泥颗粒的平均粒径增加了33%。
Based on co-existing of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in granular sludge, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process was achieved. Compared to traditional nitration-denitrification process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process technology could decrease O_2 consuming as much as 60% and hardly consumed COD, which could decrease the energy consuming and the release of CO_2 in nitrogen removal process. Through EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactor starting up, batch experiment in SBR, and observing by microscope, the mechanism of coupling aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing process was investigated, and by adding trace NO_2, the enhancement of NO_2 on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal was studied and stimulated, as well as the capabilities of nitrogen removal and the impacts of granules were studied with active carbon added. The results were given as follows:
①In a Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB)reactor, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge was cultured inoculating simultaneously aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria. The pH was controlled between 7.6 and 8.0, DO between 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L and the up-velocity 4.2m/h. In the end, NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiency was 75% and 52% respectively, TN removal rate reached 0.101 kg/(m~3·d).
②The effecting of NH_4~+-N, DO, and pH on the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal performance was investigated in the batch experiments. Aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation rates increased with increasing NH_4~+-N concentration in a certain range. The much higher DO increased nitrite oxidation rate and inhibited anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and resulted in the lower efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal with NO_2- and NO_3~- accumulation in the reactor. The much lower DO decreased aerobic oxidation rate with the less production of NO_2-. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate and TN removal rate were limited by the lack of NO_2-, however, TN removal efficiency was higher with less accumulation of NO_2- and NO_3~- in the reactor. When the concentration of NH_4~+-N was 60mg/L and DO was 0.4~0.6mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) removal rate was 27.96 mg/(gMLSS·d) and the TN removal efficiency reached 68%. When pH was 7.8, TN removal efficiency reached the maximum.
③The effect of trace NO_2 and kinetic characteristics for coupling of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in granular sludge was investigated by batch experiment in SBR. Without O_2, the NO_2 -dependent ammonia oxidation could be described by the Andrews model. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate was 5.36mg/(g·h). Under trace NO_2 atmosphere conditions, aerobic ammonium oxidation was enhanced by increasing the activity of O_2 in NOx circulation. When DO was 1.5～2.0mg/L and NO_2 was 4.475 mmol/m~3, The maximum ammonia oxidation rate was 161.21 mg/(g.h).
④The capabilities of nitrogen removal and the impacts of granules were studied with active carbon added. With active carbon, NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiency was 85% and 59% respectively, which rised to 13% compared with without active carbon. And TN removal rate reached 0.10 kg(/m~3·d).Without active carbon , the average diameter of granule was 0.5～1.0mm, and with active carbon , the average diameter of granule was 0.8～1.2mm, which increased 33%.
①在EGSB反应器中同时接种好氧氨氧化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥进行完全自营养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养,pH控制在7.6～8.0,DO控制在0.6～0.8 mg/L,上升流速为4.2m/h。反应器经过120多天的运行,NH_4~+-N去除效率达75%,总氮去除效率为52%,总氮去除速率达0.101 kg/(m~3·d)。
②采用间歇实验研究NH_4~+-N浓度、DO浓度及pH对颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮的特性的影响。好氧氨氧化和厌氧氨氧化速率在一定范围内随NH_4~+-N浓度增加而增加。过高的DO使亚硝酸盐氧化速率升高,厌氧氨氧化受到抑制,反应器总氮去除效率降低,NO_2-和NO_3~-累积;DO较低时,好氧氨氧化速率降低,NO_2-生成速率低,限制了厌氧氨氧化的提高,导致总氮去除速率低,但总氮去除效率较高,NO_2-和NO_3~-积累较少。当氨氮浓度为60mg/L、DO为0.4~0.6mg/L时,总氮去除速率为27.96 mg/(gMLSS·d),总氮去除效率为68%。合适的pH有利于提高颗粒污泥的脱氮性能,当pH值为7.8时,总氮去除率达最大值。
③采用SBR反应器间歇实验方法,研究微量NO_2对颗粒污泥完全自营养脱氮学特性的影响。无O_2时好氧氨氧化菌的NO_2型氨氧化可用Andrews方程描述,最大氨氮降解速率为5.36 mg/(g·h)。存在O_2时,NO/NO_2形成的NOx循环能强化好氧氨氧化过程,常规好氧氨氧化过程和NO_2强化好氧氨氧化过程同时发生。当DO浓度为1.5～2.0mg/L,NO_2为4.475 mmol/m~3时,氨氮降解速率最大值为161.21 mg/(g.h)。
④向EGSB反应器中投加活性炭粉末,研究其对反应器脱氮性能和颗粒化效果的影响。投加活性炭后NH_4~+-N和总氮的去除效率分别达到85%、59%,与未加活性炭时相比有提高;总氮的去除速率达0.10 kg/(m~3·d),与未加活性炭时相比基本相同。未投机活性炭粉末时,污泥颗粒平均粒径主要分布在0.5～1.0mm;投加活性炭粉末提高了完全自营养脱氮颗粒污泥的颗粒化效果,污泥颗粒平均粒径主要分布在0.8～1.2,污泥颗粒的平均粒径增加了33%。
Based on co-existing of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in granular sludge, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process was achieved. Compared to traditional nitration-denitrification process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process technology could decrease O_2 consuming as much as 60% and hardly consumed COD, which could decrease the energy consuming and the release of CO_2 in nitrogen removal process. Through EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactor starting up, batch experiment in SBR, and observing by microscope, the mechanism of coupling aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing process was investigated, and by adding trace NO_2, the enhancement of NO_2 on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal was studied and stimulated, as well as the capabilities of nitrogen removal and the impacts of granules were studied with active carbon added. The results were given as follows:
①In a Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB)reactor, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal granular sludge was cultured inoculating simultaneously aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria. The pH was controlled between 7.6 and 8.0, DO between 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L and the up-velocity 4.2m/h. In the end, NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiency was 75% and 52% respectively, TN removal rate reached 0.101 kg/(m~3·d).
②The effecting of NH_4~+-N, DO, and pH on the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal performance was investigated in the batch experiments. Aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation rates increased with increasing NH_4~+-N concentration in a certain range. The much higher DO increased nitrite oxidation rate and inhibited anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and resulted in the lower efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal with NO_2- and NO_3~- accumulation in the reactor. The much lower DO decreased aerobic oxidation rate with the less production of NO_2-. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation rate and TN removal rate were limited by the lack of NO_2-, however, TN removal efficiency was higher with less accumulation of NO_2- and NO_3~- in the reactor. When the concentration of NH_4~+-N was 60mg/L and DO was 0.4~0.6mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) removal rate was 27.96 mg/(gMLSS·d) and the TN removal efficiency reached 68%. When pH was 7.8, TN removal efficiency reached the maximum.
③The effect of trace NO_2 and kinetic characteristics for coupling of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in granular sludge was investigated by batch experiment in SBR. Without O_2, the NO_2 -dependent ammonia oxidation could be described by the Andrews model. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate was 5.36mg/(g·h). Under trace NO_2 atmosphere conditions, aerobic ammonium oxidation was enhanced by increasing the activity of O_2 in NOx circulation. When DO was 1.5～2.0mg/L and NO_2 was 4.475 mmol/m~3, The maximum ammonia oxidation rate was 161.21 mg/(g.h).
④The capabilities of nitrogen removal and the impacts of granules were studied with active carbon added. With active carbon, NH_4~+-N and TN average removal efficiency was 85% and 59% respectively, which rised to 13% compared with without active carbon. And TN removal rate reached 0.10 kg(/m~3·d).Without active carbon , the average diameter of granule was 0.5～1.0mm, and with active carbon , the average diameter of granule was 0.8～1.2mm, which increased 33%.
引文
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