RPR节点模块的设计与检测
摘要
尽管Sonet／SDH设备占据了当今城域网(MAN)市场的最大份额，但是这些产品是为语音传输而设计的，并不能很好地满足数据网络的要求。而吸收了SDH、ATM和吉比特以太网的最好特性的弹性分组环(RPR)正是这样的一种解决方案。
本文是基于开发RPR节点设备而进行的研究，主要做了以下几个方面的工作取得了一定的成果：
1．从分析传统的SDH技术在传送数据业务的若干不足之处入手，进而引出了可以克服这些不足之处并且同时提供数据、话音、视频等综合业务的RPR技术，并稍加分析了其网络体系结构、MAC层和其中的一些关键技术。
2．在查阅了大量本领域及相关领域的国内外期刊、会刊及学术专著掌握了RPR节点的工作原理和机制后，详细的说明了RPR的参考模型、功能抽象模型。并对RPR的关键技术—弹性特点、保护切换、公平算法、空间重利用、拓扑自动发现、广播和组播等技术做了较为详细的描述。
3．在掌握RPR节点宏观模型的基础上，从分析RPR节点的内部构造上着手深入的分析了RPR如何通过不同优先级等级的缓存器高效的处理数据，接收和转发数据的条件，如何防止包在环中无尽的循环，当环出现失效时它是如何解决问题和保护协议规则的若干规定。
4．在对RPR的最新研究动态和本论文研究对象进行深入分析的基础上，制定了切实可行的设计方案，对RPR节点的功能做了一次细分：接收调度、缓存器、速率监测、发送调度、MAC控制子层、带宽控制模块这六大模块，对其中的接收调度、缓存器、发送调度这三个关键模块进行了HDL设计和仿真，并且对接收调度模块进行了代码覆盖，验证了它们的功能实现。
Although products based on Sonet/SDH hold the maximum share in MAN market, they are only designed for the transmission of voice and don't meet the needs of data networks. RPR that adopts the excellence of SDH, ATM and Gigabit Ethernet respectively
is a better solution to solve this problem.
This text is done for designing RPR devices and attains some achievements after
doing a lot of work as follows:
First, from the beginning of analyzing the shortcomings of the transmission data traffic using the tradition SDH, I educe the RPR that can overcome these shortcomings and transmit data, voice and video concurrently, analyze the configuration of its network, MAC and some key techniques in short.
Second, after consulting many domestic and overseas journals, proceedings and monograph related to this field and master the principle and mechanism of RPR, I specify the reference model, function model, and describe the key techniques such as resilience, protection switch, fairness algorithm, spatial reuse, topology discovery, broadcast and multicast concretely.
Third, basing on grasping the macroscopical model, I analyze the inner configuration and narrate how the RPR node process data efficiently using different priority buffer, the condition of operation of receiving and transferring data traffic, how to prevent the packet from transmitting continuously in the ring , how to solve problems when ring occurs failure and explain the protection protocol rules.
Fourth, based on the newest research action and knowing much of the principle of RPR, I set down a feasible designing project and according to its function dividing the RPR into some tiny sections such as receiving module, buffer module, traffic rates policing module, sending module, Mac control sub-layer module and bandwidth control module these six module, describe the principle of receive module, buffer module and send module respectively, design and test this three modules in Verilog HDL.
本文是基于开发RPR节点设备而进行的研究，主要做了以下几个方面的工作取得了一定的成果：
1．从分析传统的SDH技术在传送数据业务的若干不足之处入手，进而引出了可以克服这些不足之处并且同时提供数据、话音、视频等综合业务的RPR技术，并稍加分析了其网络体系结构、MAC层和其中的一些关键技术。
2．在查阅了大量本领域及相关领域的国内外期刊、会刊及学术专著掌握了RPR节点的工作原理和机制后，详细的说明了RPR的参考模型、功能抽象模型。并对RPR的关键技术—弹性特点、保护切换、公平算法、空间重利用、拓扑自动发现、广播和组播等技术做了较为详细的描述。
3．在掌握RPR节点宏观模型的基础上，从分析RPR节点的内部构造上着手深入的分析了RPR如何通过不同优先级等级的缓存器高效的处理数据，接收和转发数据的条件，如何防止包在环中无尽的循环，当环出现失效时它是如何解决问题和保护协议规则的若干规定。
4．在对RPR的最新研究动态和本论文研究对象进行深入分析的基础上，制定了切实可行的设计方案，对RPR节点的功能做了一次细分：接收调度、缓存器、速率监测、发送调度、MAC控制子层、带宽控制模块这六大模块，对其中的接收调度、缓存器、发送调度这三个关键模块进行了HDL设计和仿真，并且对接收调度模块进行了代码覆盖，验证了它们的功能实现。
Although products based on Sonet/SDH hold the maximum share in MAN market, they are only designed for the transmission of voice and don't meet the needs of data networks. RPR that adopts the excellence of SDH, ATM and Gigabit Ethernet respectively
is a better solution to solve this problem.
This text is done for designing RPR devices and attains some achievements after
doing a lot of work as follows:
First, from the beginning of analyzing the shortcomings of the transmission data traffic using the tradition SDH, I educe the RPR that can overcome these shortcomings and transmit data, voice and video concurrently, analyze the configuration of its network, MAC and some key techniques in short.
Second, after consulting many domestic and overseas journals, proceedings and monograph related to this field and master the principle and mechanism of RPR, I specify the reference model, function model, and describe the key techniques such as resilience, protection switch, fairness algorithm, spatial reuse, topology discovery, broadcast and multicast concretely.
Third, basing on grasping the macroscopical model, I analyze the inner configuration and narrate how the RPR node process data efficiently using different priority buffer, the condition of operation of receiving and transferring data traffic, how to prevent the packet from transmitting continuously in the ring , how to solve problems when ring occurs failure and explain the protection protocol rules.
Fourth, based on the newest research action and knowing much of the principle of RPR, I set down a feasible designing project and according to its function dividing the RPR into some tiny sections such as receiving module, buffer module, traffic rates policing module, sending module, Mac control sub-layer module and bandwidth control module these six module, describe the principle of receive module, buffer module and send module respectively, design and test this three modules in Verilog HDL.
引文
[1]熊永权，敖发良，熊艳清．RPR over SDH中保护机制的研究．桂林：桂林电子工业学院通信与信息工程系，2003，1
[2]敖发良．用于光城域网的新型RPR技术．光通信技术，2002，1-3
[3]曾庆济．面向城域传输的弹性分组环技术．上海交大宽带光网中心，2003，1
[4]陈雄．叶胤．弹性分组环技术介绍及其应用分析．现代有线传输，2002，5
[5]RPR Alliance. A Summary and Overview of the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Standard. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 13-42
[6]Weilimdorf. The Spatial Reuse Protocol Overview. ITG FG 5.2.3, 2002, 2-8
[7]苏贤刚．弹性分组数据环技术．电信科学，2002，9-12
[8]张成良．第三代城域网MSTP关键技术综述．中国电信北京研究院，2003，1
[9]Gunes Aybay. An Introduction to Resilient Packet Ring Technology. www.rpralliance.org, 2001, 7-10
[10]Resilient Packet Ring Alliance. Outline of the IEEE 802.17 RPR Draft Standard. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 4-10
[11]Resilient Packet Ring Alliance. An Introduction to Resilient Packet Ring Technology. www.rpralliance.org, 2001, 7-16
[12]Lantern Communications, Inc. The Ethernet Physical Layer as Used in Resilient Packet Ring Systems. www.10gea.org, 2001, 8-18
[13]Darwin. Proposed Draft Standard for Resilient packet ring-Darwin draft. IEEE Standards Department, 2002, 30-60
[14]IEEE Standards Department. Draft Standard for RPR. http://www.ieee802.org, 2002, 80-90
[15]A. Mekkittikul et al. Alladin Proposal for IEEE Standard 802.17, Draft 1.0. 2001, 45-5O
[16]牟滨，陶智勇．弹性分组环的两种保护方式研究．光通信研究，2003(2)：10-13
[17]D. Tsiang, G. Suwala. The Cisco SRP MAC Layer Protocol. IETF Networking Group, RFC 2892, 2000, 10-38
[18]IEEE. IEEE Standard 802.17: Resilient Packet Ring (Draft Version 1.1), http://ieee802.org/17, 2002, 10-60
[19]G. Anastasi, M.La Porta, L.Lenzini. A Performance Study of the Local Fairness Algorithm for the MetaRing MAC Protocol. 2002, 8
[20]V. Gambiroza, Y. Liu, P. Yuan. High Performance Fair Bandwidth Allocation for Resilient Packet Rings. In Proceedings of the 15th ITC Specialist Seminar, Wurzburg, 2002, 4-6
[21]Stein Gjessing, Arne Maus. A Fairness Algorithm for High-speed Networks based on a Resilient Packet Ring Architecture. IEEE International Conference on Systems, 2002, 4-10
[22]Walter Meyer, Erwin Wolf, Siemens AG. Bandwidth-Efficient Resilience in Metro Networks - A Fast Network-Processor-Based RPR Implementation. 2002, 2-7
[23]RPR Alliance. Resilient Packet Ring Fairness Protocol. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 5-15
[24]V. Gambiroza, P. Yuan, L. Balzano, E. Knightly. Design, Analysis, and Implementation of DVSR: A Fair, High Performance Protocol for Packet Rings. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2001, 18-30
[25]Jeane S., Israel Cidon, Yoram Ofek. A Local Fairness Algorithm for Gigabit Lan's/MAN's with Spatial Reuse. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1993, 8-10
[26]Cisco System Inc. Dynamic packet transport technology and performance (white paper), www.cisco.com, 2001, 6-40
[27]S.Gjessing, B.E Davik. Avoiding Head of Line Blocking using an Enhanced Fairness Algorithm in a Resilient Packet Ring. 2002 International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT 2002), 17-25
[28]F. Kelly, A. Maulloo, D. Tan. Rate control in communication networks: shadow prices, proportional fairness and stability. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1998, 49:237-252
[29]E. Knightly, L. Balzano, V. Gambiroza. Achieving High-Performance with Darwin's Fairness Algorithm. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2002, 4-6
[30]A. Parekh, R. Gallager. A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: the single-node case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1993, 1(3):344-357
[31]L. Massoulie, J. Roberts. Bandwidth sharing: objectives and algorithms. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '99, 1999, 10-14
[32]I. Cidon, L. Georgiadis, Y. Shavitt. Improved fairness algorithms for rings with
spatial reuse. INFOCOM '94. Networking for Global Communications, 1994,1-9
[33]中国电信集团广东电信．弹性分组环技术．www.gdtel.com.cn，2001，1
[34]J. Kao et al. Gandalf Proposal for IEEE Standard 802.17. 2001, 4-6
[35]IEEE. Draft P802.17. Resilient Packet Ring, 2003, 20-100
[36]Andrew Murray. Resilient Packet Ring Technology in Metropolitan Area Networks. Telecommunication Development Asia-Pacific, 2002, 4-10
[37]Luminous Networks. Resilient Packet Transport (RPT) for Metropolitan Area Networks (white paper), www.luminous.com, 2001, 10-20
[38]V. Gambiroza, P.Yuan, E. Knightly. The IEEE 802.17 Media Access Protocol for High-Speed Metropolitan-Area Resilient Packet Rings. Journal of High Speed Networks, 2002, 10-15
[39]Fredrik Davik, Stein Gjessing, Necdet Uzun. IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2002, 1-8
[40]Dr. David V. James. PROPOSED CONTRIBUTION TO RESILIENT RING PROTOCOL (RRP). 2001, 4-8
[41]L. Tassiulas and J. Joung. Performance measures and scheduling policies in ring networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1995, 4(5):576-584
[42]Schupke, D.A., Riedl A.. Packet Transfer Delay Comparison of a Store-and-Forward a Cut-Through Resilient Packet Ring, International Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications (IZS), 2002, 4-9
[43]Dominic Schupke. Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) using Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP). www.cisco.com, 2001, 1
[44]Rhett Brikovskis, Mannix O'Connor. An Introduction to The Ethernet Physical Layer as Used in Resilient Packet Ring System. Lantern Communications Inc., 2002, 1-6
[45]W.W. Lemppenau, H.R.van As, H.R.Schindler. Prototyping a 2.4 Gbit/s CRMA-Ⅱ Dual-Ring ATM LAN and MAN. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, 1993, 5-10
[46]J.H. Schuringa, G. Remsak, A. Lila. Cyclic Queueing Multiple Access (CQMA) for RPR Networks. 7th European Conference on Networks, & Optical Communications, 2002, 285-292
[2]敖发良．用于光城域网的新型RPR技术．光通信技术，2002，1-3
[3]曾庆济．面向城域传输的弹性分组环技术．上海交大宽带光网中心，2003，1
[4]陈雄．叶胤．弹性分组环技术介绍及其应用分析．现代有线传输，2002，5
[5]RPR Alliance. A Summary and Overview of the IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Standard. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 13-42
[6]Weilimdorf. The Spatial Reuse Protocol Overview. ITG FG 5.2.3, 2002, 2-8
[7]苏贤刚．弹性分组数据环技术．电信科学，2002，9-12
[8]张成良．第三代城域网MSTP关键技术综述．中国电信北京研究院，2003，1
[9]Gunes Aybay. An Introduction to Resilient Packet Ring Technology. www.rpralliance.org, 2001, 7-10
[10]Resilient Packet Ring Alliance. Outline of the IEEE 802.17 RPR Draft Standard. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 4-10
[11]Resilient Packet Ring Alliance. An Introduction to Resilient Packet Ring Technology. www.rpralliance.org, 2001, 7-16
[12]Lantern Communications, Inc. The Ethernet Physical Layer as Used in Resilient Packet Ring Systems. www.10gea.org, 2001, 8-18
[13]Darwin. Proposed Draft Standard for Resilient packet ring-Darwin draft. IEEE Standards Department, 2002, 30-60
[14]IEEE Standards Department. Draft Standard for RPR. http://www.ieee802.org, 2002, 80-90
[15]A. Mekkittikul et al. Alladin Proposal for IEEE Standard 802.17, Draft 1.0. 2001, 45-5O
[16]牟滨，陶智勇．弹性分组环的两种保护方式研究．光通信研究，2003(2)：10-13
[17]D. Tsiang, G. Suwala. The Cisco SRP MAC Layer Protocol. IETF Networking Group, RFC 2892, 2000, 10-38
[18]IEEE. IEEE Standard 802.17: Resilient Packet Ring (Draft Version 1.1), http://ieee802.org/17, 2002, 10-60
[19]G. Anastasi, M.La Porta, L.Lenzini. A Performance Study of the Local Fairness Algorithm for the MetaRing MAC Protocol. 2002, 8
[20]V. Gambiroza, Y. Liu, P. Yuan. High Performance Fair Bandwidth Allocation for Resilient Packet Rings. In Proceedings of the 15th ITC Specialist Seminar, Wurzburg, 2002, 4-6
[21]Stein Gjessing, Arne Maus. A Fairness Algorithm for High-speed Networks based on a Resilient Packet Ring Architecture. IEEE International Conference on Systems, 2002, 4-10
[22]Walter Meyer, Erwin Wolf, Siemens AG. Bandwidth-Efficient Resilience in Metro Networks - A Fast Network-Processor-Based RPR Implementation. 2002, 2-7
[23]RPR Alliance. Resilient Packet Ring Fairness Protocol. www.rpralliance.org, 2002, 5-15
[24]V. Gambiroza, P. Yuan, L. Balzano, E. Knightly. Design, Analysis, and Implementation of DVSR: A Fair, High Performance Protocol for Packet Rings. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2001, 18-30
[25]Jeane S., Israel Cidon, Yoram Ofek. A Local Fairness Algorithm for Gigabit Lan's/MAN's with Spatial Reuse. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1993, 8-10
[26]Cisco System Inc. Dynamic packet transport technology and performance (white paper), www.cisco.com, 2001, 6-40
[27]S.Gjessing, B.E Davik. Avoiding Head of Line Blocking using an Enhanced Fairness Algorithm in a Resilient Packet Ring. 2002 International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT 2002), 17-25
[28]F. Kelly, A. Maulloo, D. Tan. Rate control in communication networks: shadow prices, proportional fairness and stability. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1998, 49:237-252
[29]E. Knightly, L. Balzano, V. Gambiroza. Achieving High-Performance with Darwin's Fairness Algorithm. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2002, 4-6
[30]A. Parekh, R. Gallager. A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: the single-node case. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1993, 1(3):344-357
[31]L. Massoulie, J. Roberts. Bandwidth sharing: objectives and algorithms. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM '99, 1999, 10-14
[32]I. Cidon, L. Georgiadis, Y. Shavitt. Improved fairness algorithms for rings with
spatial reuse. INFOCOM '94. Networking for Global Communications, 1994,1-9
[33]中国电信集团广东电信．弹性分组环技术．www.gdtel.com.cn，2001，1
[34]J. Kao et al. Gandalf Proposal for IEEE Standard 802.17. 2001, 4-6
[35]IEEE. Draft P802.17. Resilient Packet Ring, 2003, 20-100
[36]Andrew Murray. Resilient Packet Ring Technology in Metropolitan Area Networks. Telecommunication Development Asia-Pacific, 2002, 4-10
[37]Luminous Networks. Resilient Packet Transport (RPT) for Metropolitan Area Networks (white paper), www.luminous.com, 2001, 10-20
[38]V. Gambiroza, P.Yuan, E. Knightly. The IEEE 802.17 Media Access Protocol for High-Speed Metropolitan-Area Resilient Packet Rings. Journal of High Speed Networks, 2002, 10-15
[39]Fredrik Davik, Stein Gjessing, Necdet Uzun. IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2002, 1-8
[40]Dr. David V. James. PROPOSED CONTRIBUTION TO RESILIENT RING PROTOCOL (RRP). 2001, 4-8
[41]L. Tassiulas and J. Joung. Performance measures and scheduling policies in ring networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1995, 4(5):576-584
[42]Schupke, D.A., Riedl A.. Packet Transfer Delay Comparison of a Store-and-Forward a Cut-Through Resilient Packet Ring, International Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications (IZS), 2002, 4-9
[43]Dominic Schupke. Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT) using Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP). www.cisco.com, 2001, 1
[44]Rhett Brikovskis, Mannix O'Connor. An Introduction to The Ethernet Physical Layer as Used in Resilient Packet Ring System. Lantern Communications Inc., 2002, 1-6
[45]W.W. Lemppenau, H.R.van As, H.R.Schindler. Prototyping a 2.4 Gbit/s CRMA-Ⅱ Dual-Ring ATM LAN and MAN. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, 1993, 5-10
[46]J.H. Schuringa, G. Remsak, A. Lila. Cyclic Queueing Multiple Access (CQMA) for RPR Networks. 7th European Conference on Networks, & Optical Communications, 2002, 285-292