延长锌精馏塔炉龄研究
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摘要
我国的锌锭产量2000年达到1950kt,居世界第一位。国际上主要炼锌方法是湿法炼锌,占所生产的原生锌锭的80%以上,但ISP工艺在铅锌冶金中仍占有重要地位,具有物料的适应性强,适应处理难分选铅锌混合矿的优点。韶冶采用ISP炼铅锌,锌产品占总的金属(铅锌)产量的2/3,目前达到150kt/a,锌精炼的关键设备是塔式锌精馏炉,精馏塔炉龄是构成锌锭生产效率与成本的最重要的部分,目前我国的精馏塔炉龄与国外先进水平尚有一定差距,有待努力提高。
本文针对韶冶锌精馏生产现状,分析了影响精馏塔炉龄的因素:加料的均匀稳定性、燃烧室温度的稳定、生产过程中减少故障的发生、对故障快速有效的处理等。通过采用一系列新技术与设备改造来延长炉龄,采用自反馈重锤平衡式加料器使加料均衡;通过炉窑仿真优化燃烧室结构,添加液化气提高煤气质量来稳定燃烧室温度;采用反扣盘、反扣流槽、凹槽大堰盘,改进压密砖、冷凝器等措施减少生产事故的发生;采用加铝补塔与喷枪补塔结合对炉况恶化的塔炉及时补救。
经过努力,保证了生产的稳定,减少了生产事故。同时降低了操作劳动强度,改善劳动环境,提高了自动化水平。精馏塔单塔日产提高18%,铅塔炉龄由17个月延长至27个月,镉塔炉龄由20个月延长至24个月,取得了较大进步。
The output of Zinc ingots,which was NO.1 in the world,was 1950kt in 2000.The main way of smelting Zinc is hydromeltallurgy,but the ISP(Imperial Smelting Process)is still very important,because this technology has good adaptability to the material.It is suitable to deal with mixture material which is difficult to be separated. ISP is adopted by Shaoguan Smelter.67%out put is Zinc.At present,the annual output of Shaoguan Smelter is 150kt/a.Zinc refining column is key equipment in Zinc refining.The life span of the column has influence to the production efficiency and cost.In our country,it is not so long as that of some developed countries.This paper analyses the factors which have influence to the life span of Zinc refining column.They are the stability of materical feeding,the stability of temperature in combustion chamber,the hitches during production and the efficiency of eliminating the hitches and so on. A series transforms have been done to increase the life span.A balance equipment is used to stablee the material feeding.Simulating the column can improve its structure. Improving the quality of gas is adopted to stable the temprature in combustion chamber.Special chutesare used to prevent liquid Zinc from seeping into combustion chamber.Condenser and caft formed bricks were transformed to decrease the hitches.Adding aluminium to materical as additive and using spray gun filled with guniting,the column with bad condition can be repaired in time.After great efforts,production has been stabled,hitches have been decreased.At the same time,the labour intensity has been decreased and working environment has been improved,automatic level has been increased .Output of zinc refining column haas been increased by 18% per column in per day.Life span of lead column has been increased from 17 months to 27 months and that of cadmium column has been increased from 20 months to 24 months.Grent progress has been made.
本文针对韶冶锌精馏生产现状,分析了影响精馏塔炉龄的因素:加料的均匀稳定性、燃烧室温度的稳定、生产过程中减少故障的发生、对故障快速有效的处理等。通过采用一系列新技术与设备改造来延长炉龄,采用自反馈重锤平衡式加料器使加料均衡;通过炉窑仿真优化燃烧室结构,添加液化气提高煤气质量来稳定燃烧室温度;采用反扣盘、反扣流槽、凹槽大堰盘,改进压密砖、冷凝器等措施减少生产事故的发生;采用加铝补塔与喷枪补塔结合对炉况恶化的塔炉及时补救。
经过努力,保证了生产的稳定,减少了生产事故。同时降低了操作劳动强度,改善劳动环境,提高了自动化水平。精馏塔单塔日产提高18%,铅塔炉龄由17个月延长至27个月,镉塔炉龄由20个月延长至24个月,取得了较大进步。
The output of Zinc ingots,which was NO.1 in the world,was 1950kt in 2000.The main way of smelting Zinc is hydromeltallurgy,but the ISP(Imperial Smelting Process)is still very important,because this technology has good adaptability to the material.It is suitable to deal with mixture material which is difficult to be separated. ISP is adopted by Shaoguan Smelter.67%out put is Zinc.At present,the annual output of Shaoguan Smelter is 150kt/a.Zinc refining column is key equipment in Zinc refining.The life span of the column has influence to the production efficiency and cost.In our country,it is not so long as that of some developed countries.This paper analyses the factors which have influence to the life span of Zinc refining column.They are the stability of materical feeding,the stability of temperature in combustion chamber,the hitches during production and the efficiency of eliminating the hitches and so on. A series transforms have been done to increase the life span.A balance equipment is used to stablee the material feeding.Simulating the column can improve its structure. Improving the quality of gas is adopted to stable the temprature in combustion chamber.Special chutesare used to prevent liquid Zinc from seeping into combustion chamber.Condenser and caft formed bricks were transformed to decrease the hitches.Adding aluminium to materical as additive and using spray gun filled with guniting,the column with bad condition can be repaired in time.After great efforts,production has been stabled,hitches have been decreased.At the same time,the labour intensity has been decreased and working environment has been improved,automatic level has been increased .Output of zinc refining column haas been increased by 18% per column in per day.Life span of lead column has been increased from 17 months to 27 months and that of cadmium column has been increased from 20 months to 24 months.Grent progress has been made.
引文
1.彭容秋.重金属冶金学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990
2.北京有色冶金设计研究总院等编.重有色金属冶炼设计手册 (铅锌泌卷)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995:17,453
3.徐耀东.中国铅锌工业的发展[M].世界有色金属,1994,(12),5-1l
4.包小波、黄其兴主编.世界锌技术经济[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996
5. G. R. Belton, Metall. Trans, 1975. B7, 35
6.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000
7.陈德喜,段力强.我国电炉炼锌工艺的技术进步与发展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分)2003,(2):20-23
8.胡新.铅锌密闭鼓风炉熔炼技术10年来的进展[J].有色冶炼,1994,(4):11-14
9.舒见义.I.S.P工艺替代竖罐炼锌研究[J].湖南有色金属,2003,(4):21-24
10.谭荣和.密闭鼓风炉炼铅锌的技术进展[J].有色冶炼(冶炼·重金属),2002,12(6):90-92
11.杨大锦,廖元双,徐亚飞等.锌冶金工艺概述[J].云南冶金,2002,31(6):22-26
12.彭容秋等.铅锌冶金学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003
13.谭天恩等.化工原理(下册)[M].北京:化学工业大学,1984
14.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:745-790.31
15.孙佩极等.冶金化工过程及设备[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,198O
16. J. M. Coulson et al, Chemical Engineering Volume Two Unit Operation Third. Edition, [English], 1978
17.刘士星.化工原理[M].中国科学技术出版社.北京,1994.6
18.赵天从.重金属冶金学[M].下册,冶金工业出版社.北京,1981
19.彭容秋.有色金属提取冶金手册(锌镉铅铋)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
20.徐采栋等.锌冶金物理化学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1979
21. T. Azakami, et al., Zinc &Lead, 1995, 838
22. J. E. Dutrizac, et al., Lead-Zinc 2000, TMS, 2000
23.梅炽.有色冶金炉[M].冶金工业出版社.北京,1994.6
24.林树华.浅谈锌精馏炉设计和生产中“连续,均匀,稳定”六字原则[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1994,(5):27-29
25.李忠忱.大塔盘锌精馏生产实践[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1990,(4):1-3
26.王立元.双塔盘锌精馏炉改大塔盘的设计与生产周期的综合分析[J].有色冶炼,1995,24(3):22-25
27.陈肇友.铅锌冶炼炉用碳化硅质耐火材料[J].耐火材料,1998,32(2):114-117
28.蔡军林,张全,鄂加强等.锌精馏铅塔燃烧室热工问题诊断[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(6):587-590
29.谢锴,梅炽等.精馏炉炉膛内温度场不均匀的原因分析[J].中南工业大学学报[自然科学版],2003,34(1):32-35
30.梅炽,鄂加强,张全,蔡军林.铅塔冷凝器中锌蒸气冷凝过程的传热数学模型及应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2002,12(5):1050-1054
31.梅炽,段志云,周萍等.现代炉窑的全息仿真[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(6):592-596
32.梅炽,王前普,彭小奇等.有色冶金炉窑的仿真与优化[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1996,6(4):19-28
33.杨立新.锌精馏碳化硅塔盘加工技术的发展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2001,(4):38-40
34.韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994,50-57
35. E. T. Turkdogan, Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology, Academic Press, New York, 1980, 94
36. F. D. Richardson; Trans. Faraday Soc. ALME, 1962, 878
37. P. L. Lin; A. D. Pelton, Metall. Trans, 1979, 669
38.周力行.燃烧理论学基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1984
39.卡里尔EE.燃烧室与工业炉的模拟[M].科学出版社,1987
40.范维澄,万跃鹏.流体及燃烧的模拟与计算[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
41 朱谷君.工程传热传质学[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1989
42.梅炽.冶金传递过程原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1987
43.周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
44.徐毅.锌精馏用煤气掺混液化石油气的可行性研究[J].有色冶金节能,2001,(3):11-14
45.韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994,50-57
46.林运驯,姚君山,唐丹.复合硅酸盐保温材料在锌精馏炉上应用[J].有色冶炼,1995,24(3):47-49
47.吴国振.新型稀土隔热保温涂料在锌精馏炉的应用[J].甘肃有色金属,1995,(3):48-49
48.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:745-790
49.张全鄂加强梅炽等.基于znO结瘤下SiC塔盘导热性能研究探讨[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2002,(1):39-42
50.徐毅.塔式锌精馏炉换热器结渣原因的研究[J].有色冶金节能,2001,(5):12-13
51.张全,鄂加强,梅炽,郑金华等.基于ZnO结瘤下SiC塔盘导热性能研究探讨[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2002,(1):39-42
2.北京有色冶金设计研究总院等编.重有色金属冶炼设计手册 (铅锌泌卷)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995:17,453
3.徐耀东.中国铅锌工业的发展[M].世界有色金属,1994,(12),5-1l
4.包小波、黄其兴主编.世界锌技术经济[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996
5. G. R. Belton, Metall. Trans, 1975. B7, 35
6.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000
7.陈德喜,段力强.我国电炉炼锌工艺的技术进步与发展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分)2003,(2):20-23
8.胡新.铅锌密闭鼓风炉熔炼技术10年来的进展[J].有色冶炼,1994,(4):11-14
9.舒见义.I.S.P工艺替代竖罐炼锌研究[J].湖南有色金属,2003,(4):21-24
10.谭荣和.密闭鼓风炉炼铅锌的技术进展[J].有色冶炼(冶炼·重金属),2002,12(6):90-92
11.杨大锦,廖元双,徐亚飞等.锌冶金工艺概述[J].云南冶金,2002,31(6):22-26
12.彭容秋等.铅锌冶金学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003
13.谭天恩等.化工原理(下册)[M].北京:化学工业大学,1984
14.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:745-790.31
15.孙佩极等.冶金化工过程及设备[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,198O
16. J. M. Coulson et al, Chemical Engineering Volume Two Unit Operation Third. Edition, [English], 1978
17.刘士星.化工原理[M].中国科学技术出版社.北京,1994.6
18.赵天从.重金属冶金学[M].下册,冶金工业出版社.北京,1981
19.彭容秋.有色金属提取冶金手册(锌镉铅铋)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
20.徐采栋等.锌冶金物理化学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1979
21. T. Azakami, et al., Zinc &Lead, 1995, 838
22. J. E. Dutrizac, et al., Lead-Zinc 2000, TMS, 2000
23.梅炽.有色冶金炉[M].冶金工业出版社.北京,1994.6
24.林树华.浅谈锌精馏炉设计和生产中“连续,均匀,稳定”六字原则[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1994,(5):27-29
25.李忠忱.大塔盘锌精馏生产实践[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),1990,(4):1-3
26.王立元.双塔盘锌精馏炉改大塔盘的设计与生产周期的综合分析[J].有色冶炼,1995,24(3):22-25
27.陈肇友.铅锌冶炼炉用碳化硅质耐火材料[J].耐火材料,1998,32(2):114-117
28.蔡军林,张全,鄂加强等.锌精馏铅塔燃烧室热工问题诊断[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(6):587-590
29.谢锴,梅炽等.精馏炉炉膛内温度场不均匀的原因分析[J].中南工业大学学报[自然科学版],2003,34(1):32-35
30.梅炽,鄂加强,张全,蔡军林.铅塔冷凝器中锌蒸气冷凝过程的传热数学模型及应用[J].中国有色金属学报,2002,12(5):1050-1054
31.梅炽,段志云,周萍等.现代炉窑的全息仿真[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(6):592-596
32.梅炽,王前普,彭小奇等.有色冶金炉窑的仿真与优化[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),1996,6(4):19-28
33.杨立新.锌精馏碳化硅塔盘加工技术的发展[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2001,(4):38-40
34.韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994,50-57
35. E. T. Turkdogan, Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology, Academic Press, New York, 1980, 94
36. F. D. Richardson; Trans. Faraday Soc. ALME, 1962, 878
37. P. L. Lin; A. D. Pelton, Metall. Trans, 1979, 669
38.周力行.燃烧理论学基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1984
39.卡里尔EE.燃烧室与工业炉的模拟[M].科学出版社,1987
40.范维澄,万跃鹏.流体及燃烧的模拟与计算[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
41 朱谷君.工程传热传质学[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1989
42.梅炽.冶金传递过程原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1987
43.周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1991
44.徐毅.锌精馏用煤气掺混液化石油气的可行性研究[J].有色冶金节能,2001,(3):11-14
45.韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994,50-57
46.林运驯,姚君山,唐丹.复合硅酸盐保温材料在锌精馏炉上应用[J].有色冶炼,1995,24(3):47-49
47.吴国振.新型稀土隔热保温涂料在锌精馏炉的应用[J].甘肃有色金属,1995,(3):48-49
48.《有色冶金炉设计手册》编委会.有色冶金炉设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:745-790
49.张全鄂加强梅炽等.基于znO结瘤下SiC塔盘导热性能研究探讨[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2002,(1):39-42
50.徐毅.塔式锌精馏炉换热器结渣原因的研究[J].有色冶金节能,2001,(5):12-13
51.张全,鄂加强,梅炽,郑金华等.基于ZnO结瘤下SiC塔盘导热性能研究探讨[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2002,(1):39-42