大学生自动化思维、自卑及应对方式的关系研究
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摘要
本研究对大学生的自动化思维、自卑感及其应对方式进行了调查,并深入探讨了大学生的自动化思维、自卑感和应对方式三者的关系。旨在通过本研究让人们更加的了解自动化思维和自卑,在生活中采取更加积极有效的应对方式。同时为大学生的自动化思维,自卑和应对方式的研究提供更多的资料。
本研究在河北师范大学、河北科技大学、外国语翻译学校、石家庄学院等学校,采取整群随机抽样的方法选取900名被试,利用自动化思维问卷(ATQ)、Fleming和Courtney (1984年)修订的自卑问卷、肖计划的应对方式问卷,三份问卷对所选被试进行施测。并运用描述统计、多元方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计方法对其有效数据进行分析处理。主要得出以下结论:
1.从整体来讲,大学生的自动化思维出现的频率较低。大学生在自敬,社交能力,学习能力,外表,体能方面体验到的自卑感水平也比较低。
2.是否独生主效应:独生子女的负性自动思维出现的频率显著高于非独生子女。非独生子女在体能方面体验到的自卑感显著高于独生子女。
3.性别主效应:男生的自动化思维出现的频率显著高于女生。
4.性别,是否独生,家庭所在地三个因素在自卑的自敬,社交信心,学习能力,体能,外表维度上交互作用显著。
5.自卑感在自动化思维和应对方式的解决维度上起到部分中介的作用。
6.自卑感在自动化思维和应对方式的幻想维度上调节效应显著,低自卑与中度自卑在自动化思维和应对方式的解决问题维度上调节效应显著,同时中度自卑在自动化思维和应对方式的退避维度上调节效应显著。
This study makes an investigation on the university student's automatic thoughts, inferiority and coping styles, and discussed the relationships of these three aspects in detail. The purpose of this study is to make people better understanding of automatic thoughts and inferiority, and can take a more active and effective coping styles in life. At the same time this study also provides additional information for the research of the university student's automatic thoughts, inferiority and coping styles.
This study adopts randomly chester sampling to select 900 university students as subjects from Hebei Normal University, Hebei University of Science and Technology, academy of foreign language translation, ShiJiaZhuang University, etc. And make use of automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ), the revised inferiority questionnaire by Fleming and Courtney (1984 years), coping styles questionnaire of Xiao Jihua were administered to these students. And make use of the statistical method of descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and so forth to analysis and processing the effective data, then main conclusions were as the follow:
1. From the whole, the frequency of university student's negative automatic thoughts is lower. The level of inferiority the students were experienced in self-respect, social skills, learning ability, appearance, physical aspects is also relatively low.
2. Is it only-child main effect or not: The frequency of only-child’s automatic thoughts was significantly higher than the non-only child. The level of inferiority in physical aspects were experienced by non-only child is significantly higher than only-child.
3. Gender main effect: The frequency of men's negative automatic thoughts was significantly higher than girls.
4. Interaction among three factors of gender, whether the only-child or not, the family seat in the inferior dimensions of self-respect, social confidence, learning ability, physical fitness, appearance is significant.
5. Inferiority play a partial intermediary role in the solving dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles.
6. The regulating effect of inferiority in the fantasy dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked. The regulating effect of low-inferiority and moderate-inferiority in the solving dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked. At the same time the regulating effect of moderate-inferiority in the backoff dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked.
本研究在河北师范大学、河北科技大学、外国语翻译学校、石家庄学院等学校,采取整群随机抽样的方法选取900名被试,利用自动化思维问卷(ATQ)、Fleming和Courtney (1984年)修订的自卑问卷、肖计划的应对方式问卷,三份问卷对所选被试进行施测。并运用描述统计、多元方差分析、相关分析、回归分析等统计方法对其有效数据进行分析处理。主要得出以下结论:
1.从整体来讲,大学生的自动化思维出现的频率较低。大学生在自敬,社交能力,学习能力,外表,体能方面体验到的自卑感水平也比较低。
2.是否独生主效应:独生子女的负性自动思维出现的频率显著高于非独生子女。非独生子女在体能方面体验到的自卑感显著高于独生子女。
3.性别主效应:男生的自动化思维出现的频率显著高于女生。
4.性别,是否独生,家庭所在地三个因素在自卑的自敬,社交信心,学习能力,体能,外表维度上交互作用显著。
5.自卑感在自动化思维和应对方式的解决维度上起到部分中介的作用。
6.自卑感在自动化思维和应对方式的幻想维度上调节效应显著,低自卑与中度自卑在自动化思维和应对方式的解决问题维度上调节效应显著,同时中度自卑在自动化思维和应对方式的退避维度上调节效应显著。
This study makes an investigation on the university student's automatic thoughts, inferiority and coping styles, and discussed the relationships of these three aspects in detail. The purpose of this study is to make people better understanding of automatic thoughts and inferiority, and can take a more active and effective coping styles in life. At the same time this study also provides additional information for the research of the university student's automatic thoughts, inferiority and coping styles.
This study adopts randomly chester sampling to select 900 university students as subjects from Hebei Normal University, Hebei University of Science and Technology, academy of foreign language translation, ShiJiaZhuang University, etc. And make use of automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ), the revised inferiority questionnaire by Fleming and Courtney (1984 years), coping styles questionnaire of Xiao Jihua were administered to these students. And make use of the statistical method of descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and so forth to analysis and processing the effective data, then main conclusions were as the follow:
1. From the whole, the frequency of university student's negative automatic thoughts is lower. The level of inferiority the students were experienced in self-respect, social skills, learning ability, appearance, physical aspects is also relatively low.
2. Is it only-child main effect or not: The frequency of only-child’s automatic thoughts was significantly higher than the non-only child. The level of inferiority in physical aspects were experienced by non-only child is significantly higher than only-child.
3. Gender main effect: The frequency of men's negative automatic thoughts was significantly higher than girls.
4. Interaction among three factors of gender, whether the only-child or not, the family seat in the inferior dimensions of self-respect, social confidence, learning ability, physical fitness, appearance is significant.
5. Inferiority play a partial intermediary role in the solving dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles.
6. The regulating effect of inferiority in the fantasy dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked. The regulating effect of low-inferiority and moderate-inferiority in the solving dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked. At the same time the regulating effect of moderate-inferiority in the backoff dimensions of automatic thoughts and coping styles is marked.
引文
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[16] Rick E.Ingram, Terrance Overbey, Michelle Fortier.Individual differences in dysfunctional automatic thinking and Parental bonding:specificity of maternal care. Personality and Individual Differences,2001,30:401~412.
[17]Hatice odaci.Depression,submissive behaviors and negative automatic Thoughts in obese Turkish adolescents .Social Behavior and Personality,2007,35(3):409~416.
[18]]Paul A Boelen.Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire一Positive(ATQ一P).Cognitive BehaviourTherapy,2007,36(l):23~33.
[19]钱少月,王金华.初中生自动思维与心理健康的相关研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007, 15(12):1147~1148.
[20]郭文斌,姚树桥,黄敏儿.抑郁症患者自动思维及应付方式的性别差异[J].中国行为医学科学,2003,12(6):632~697.
[21]吴志霞,任伟荣,钱丽菊等.人格特质影响负性自动思维的性别差异[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(1):59. [4] [26][81]阿德勒著.黄光泽译.超越自卑[M].国际文化出版公司,2005,6:46~63.
[22]黄曼娜.中学生自卑感的特点及克服[J].心理发展与教育,1999,4:40~44.
[23]杜静.大学生自卑心理浅析[J].河南大学学报(社科版),1998,1:103~105.
[24]田淑娟、郑廷跃.学习困难学生自卑心理分析与治疗[J].齐齐哈尔师范学院学报,1997,5:95~98.
[25]周详、王淑兰.女生群体中自卑型问题人格的特点及成因分析[J].陕西师范大学学报(社科版),1997,3:154~159.
[26]张继如.大学生自卑心理及其对策[J].内蒙古大学学报(社科版),2000,5:210~214.
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