汽车变速换档机构的虚拟测试系统开发
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摘要
汽车行业作为许多国家的支柱产业,它代表了一个国家的工业水平,也影响一个国家的国民经济,因此提高汽车产品的竞争力尤为重要。为了控制汽车产品质量,提高汽车的品质,势必对其总成及零部件提出更高更严格的要求。变速换档机构作为汽车变速器总成中的一个重要零部件,其工作状况的好坏及可靠性将直接影响到传动系统的性能和汽车在行驶过程中的操纵性能,关系到整车的质量。因此需要一套精度高、可靠性好的测试系统来评价换档机构的换档性能和可靠性。随着虚拟仪器技术的日益发展,采用低成本自动化技术,研制各类多功能智能测试设备呈迅猛发展之势,并逐渐批量进入工业测试领域。特别是在机械、冶金等行业,已大量融入各种类型的虚拟仪器,其卓越的性能、良好的数据在线处理能力和实时数据通讯能力以及友好的人机交互平台,得到各行业研究人员的普遍关注。
本文通过对国内外换档试验台的分析和研究,结合虚拟仪器技术开发了汽车换档机构的虚拟测试系统。在测试过程中,利用气缸来驱动换档机械手,模拟人手对变速器换档手柄的换档操作;通过所开发的测试系统实现对换档位移、换档力、扭矩、转速等多项参数的实时检测。
该测试系统主要的特点就是整个测试过程在工控机和软件的控制下自动完成,实现了测试过程的自动化和智能化;系统测控软件采用Visual Basic语言模块化结构开发,充分利用其面向对象编程的特点,实现了系统良好的人机对话功能。该系统主要功能包括:可采用手动和自动两种工作方式进行换档性能试验与可靠性试验;能够实时采集各项试验数据并以曲线或数据形式输出;具有对数据进行存档与打印功能;可以重新进行档位标定;具有自动报警和自动关闭试验系统的功能,以保证系统运行安全可靠。
本文研究开发出的测试系统界面友好、易于操控、系统功能可扩展性好、测试精度和稳定性较好。通过实际测试试验,证明该系统完全满足测试的要求。
As the pillar industry in many countries, the automotive industry not only represents the level of a country’s industrialization, but also affects the country's national economy. Thus increasing the competitiveness of automotive products is particularly important. In order to control the quality of automotive products and improve its quality, it is bound to put higher and more stringent requirements to its assembly parts. Transmission shift mechanism, as an important assembly parts and components, its quality will directly affect the performance of the transmission system in a moving car and the handling performance, and the quality of cars. Therefore, to evaluate the transmission shift performance and reliability, it is important to develop a test system with high precision and good reliability.
With the growing development of virtual instrument technology, it is popular using low-cost automation technology to research and develop various types of multi-functional intelligent systems in the industrial testing fields. Especially in the machinery, metallurgical and other industries, it has been integrated into a large number of various types of virtual instruments. Its excellent performance, good on-line data processing capabilities and real-time data communication capabilities, as well as friendly interactive platform, get more people's attention.
Based on the analysis and research of the shift test platform at home and abroad, this paper develops the virtual testing system of transmission shift mechanism. In the course of test, using the cylinder to control the shift manipulator movement to analog transmission’s real working condition. Sensors and detection implementing agencies can achieve the detection of shift displacement, shift force, torque and other parameters such as speed.
The main features of the test system is that it can realize the shift handle moving automatically under the control of computer and software, which realize the whole intelligent test process. System monitoring software is developed by modular architecture language Visual Basic, which realizes the fully interactive interface. The functions include: two ways to achieve performance and reliability tests ,manual and automatic ; to output the real-time data acquisition and data in the form of curves; to realize the data archive and print functions; Re-calibration can be achieved quickly; with automatic alarm system function to ensure safe and reliable operation.
In this paper, the test system developed has the following advantages: user-friendly and easy to control; better expansibility of the system functions; high accuracy and good stability. Through practical tests, it proves that the system can fully satisfy the test requirements.
本文通过对国内外换档试验台的分析和研究,结合虚拟仪器技术开发了汽车换档机构的虚拟测试系统。在测试过程中,利用气缸来驱动换档机械手,模拟人手对变速器换档手柄的换档操作;通过所开发的测试系统实现对换档位移、换档力、扭矩、转速等多项参数的实时检测。
该测试系统主要的特点就是整个测试过程在工控机和软件的控制下自动完成,实现了测试过程的自动化和智能化;系统测控软件采用Visual Basic语言模块化结构开发,充分利用其面向对象编程的特点,实现了系统良好的人机对话功能。该系统主要功能包括:可采用手动和自动两种工作方式进行换档性能试验与可靠性试验;能够实时采集各项试验数据并以曲线或数据形式输出;具有对数据进行存档与打印功能;可以重新进行档位标定;具有自动报警和自动关闭试验系统的功能,以保证系统运行安全可靠。
本文研究开发出的测试系统界面友好、易于操控、系统功能可扩展性好、测试精度和稳定性较好。通过实际测试试验,证明该系统完全满足测试的要求。
As the pillar industry in many countries, the automotive industry not only represents the level of a country’s industrialization, but also affects the country's national economy. Thus increasing the competitiveness of automotive products is particularly important. In order to control the quality of automotive products and improve its quality, it is bound to put higher and more stringent requirements to its assembly parts. Transmission shift mechanism, as an important assembly parts and components, its quality will directly affect the performance of the transmission system in a moving car and the handling performance, and the quality of cars. Therefore, to evaluate the transmission shift performance and reliability, it is important to develop a test system with high precision and good reliability.
With the growing development of virtual instrument technology, it is popular using low-cost automation technology to research and develop various types of multi-functional intelligent systems in the industrial testing fields. Especially in the machinery, metallurgical and other industries, it has been integrated into a large number of various types of virtual instruments. Its excellent performance, good on-line data processing capabilities and real-time data communication capabilities, as well as friendly interactive platform, get more people's attention.
Based on the analysis and research of the shift test platform at home and abroad, this paper develops the virtual testing system of transmission shift mechanism. In the course of test, using the cylinder to control the shift manipulator movement to analog transmission’s real working condition. Sensors and detection implementing agencies can achieve the detection of shift displacement, shift force, torque and other parameters such as speed.
The main features of the test system is that it can realize the shift handle moving automatically under the control of computer and software, which realize the whole intelligent test process. System monitoring software is developed by modular architecture language Visual Basic, which realizes the fully interactive interface. The functions include: two ways to achieve performance and reliability tests ,manual and automatic ; to output the real-time data acquisition and data in the form of curves; to realize the data archive and print functions; Re-calibration can be achieved quickly; with automatic alarm system function to ensure safe and reliable operation.
In this paper, the test system developed has the following advantages: user-friendly and easy to control; better expansibility of the system functions; high accuracy and good stability. Through practical tests, it proves that the system can fully satisfy the test requirements.
引文
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[2] 安相壁.汽车试验工程.北京:国防工业出版社,2006,3
[3] 高维山.变速器.北京:人民交通出版社,1990,8
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[5] 虚拟技术. 虚拟仪器:LABVIEW 简介.www.matwav.com.2004
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[7] 石晓辉、施全.汽车零部件实验检测方法.重庆工业管理学院学报.1997, 11(5):5-11
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[9] Lu J F. Transducer Port and Test Apparatus Circuit. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Aero-technics Publishing House.2003,4
[10] 李宏.汽车变速器总成交检试验台的研究.天津大学.2004
[11] QC/T568-1999汽车机械变速器台架试验方法.中华人民共和国汽车行业标准.国家机械工业局.1993-03-15
[12] JB/T9720-2001 机械工程变速器性能试验方法.中国机械工业联合会.2001
[13] 程虎.虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势.现代科学仪器.1999,4
[14] 杨乐平,李海涛等.虚拟仪器技术概论.北京:电子工业出版社.2003,1
[15] 程虎.虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势.现代科学仪器.1999,4
[16] 徐洁主编.检测技术与仪器.北京:清华大学出版社.2004
[17] 王瑜主编.检测技术.北京:电子科技大学出版社.2004
[18] 程广伟.自动变速器试验台信号采集及数据处理系统.武汉理工大学.2001
[19] 杨鎏.基于无线通讯的客车轻便换档控制系统及操纵机构开发.大连理工大学.2006
[20] 周希章编著.如何正确选用电动机.北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[21] 李铁才,杜坤梅编著.电机控制技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2000,l2
[22] 石秋洁主编.变频器应用基础.北京:机械工业出版社.2003
[23] 曾毅,王效良,吴皓等.变频调速系统的设计与维护.山东科学技术出版社.2002,10
[24] 冯垛生,张森编著.变频器的应用与维护.广州:华南理工大学出版社.2001,9
[25] 吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.第二版.机械工业出版社.2003,4
[26] 林箐.发动机试验台架自动数据采集系统开发.北京理工大学.2003
[27] 杨玉霞.信号分析与处理.中国电力出版社.2007,10
[28] 侯国章等.测试与传感技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2000,12
[29] 王君,凌振宝.传感器原理与检测技术.长春:吉林大学出版社.2003
[30] 张伦,冯新强等.传感器与信号调理器件应用技术.北京:科学出版社. 2002
[31] 李志忠等编著.数据采集和监控中的微机应用.北京:清华大学出版社.1988,9
[32] Ernesst , Doebelin. Measurement Systems Application and Design (Third Edition).McGraw-Hill Book Company.2001,3
[33] A. V. Oppenheim , A. S. Willsky , S. H. Nawab. Signal and Systems (Second Edition). Prentic Hall.1999
[34] 周宏.气动技术的新发展.液压气动与密封.2001,5
[35] 左健民等.液压与气压传动.北京:机械工业出版社.2001
[36] 杨清梅,孙建民主编.传感器与测试技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2004
[37] 张建民.传感器与检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[38] 彭军编著.传感器与检测技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[39] 曲波等.工业常用传感器选型指南.北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[40] 李永健、丁康等.汽车变速器试验的微机监控系统.汽车工程.1995,17 (2):113-119
[41] 汤宝平.基于 PC 总线虚拟动态测试分析仪软件的设计.振动、测试与诊断.2000,6
[42] T.P.Blanchett, G.C.Kenber, K.Dubay. PID Jain Scheduling using fuzzy Logic.ISA Transactions.39(3):317～325,2000
[43] A.S. Sedra and K.C.Smith. Microelectronic Circuits(Forth Edition).Oxford University Press.1998,7
[44] N.Baydar, A.Ball. Detection of Gear Failures ViaVibration and Acoustic Signals Using Wavelet Transform.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.2003,2
[45] 谢朝夕.气动伺服定位系统的理论研究与应用.重庆大学.2005,5
[46] 梅晓榕.自动控制原理.北京:科学出版社.2003,2
[47] 李济民.自动控制系统 PID 调解参数最优化技术研究.西安交通大学.2001
[48] 华正权.信号变换电路.北京:电子工业出版社.1994,10
[49] 袁晓君,李明,袁晓文.VisualBasic 计算机语言函数应用.北京:科学出版社.2000,1
[50] 张红军,王虹等.VisualBasic6.0 中文版高级应用与开发指南.北京:人民邮电出版社.2002,7
[51] 李春葆,张植民.Visual Basic 数据库系统设计与开发.北京:清华大学出版社.2003,8
[52] 卢毅. Visual Basic 数据库设计实例导航.北京:科学出版社.2001,2
[53] 尉宏波等.WindowsAPI 编程范例入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社.2003,12
[54] [美]JWayne Freeze 著,君品,冯硕,贾志博等译.Visual Basic 数据库编程宝典.北京:电子工业出版社.2001,5
[55] 李兰友,庄国瑜.VisualBasic 绘图与图像处理.北京:人民邮电出版社.1999,9
[2] 安相壁.汽车试验工程.北京:国防工业出版社,2006,3
[3] 高维山.变速器.北京:人民交通出版社,1990,8
[4] 丁良旭.虚拟技术与汽车工业.客车技术与研究.2002,2
[5] 虚拟技术. 虚拟仪器:LABVIEW 简介.www.matwav.com.2004
[6] 张广斌、方凯、胡丹峰.汽车变速器综合性能试验台的系统设计与实现.电字技术.2002,5
[7] 石晓辉、施全.汽车零部件实验检测方法.重庆工业管理学院学报.1997, 11(5):5-11
[8] Yan Qingdong et.Automatic Control of Automobile Transmission Performance Test Platform, Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology.1998,7
[9] Lu J F. Transducer Port and Test Apparatus Circuit. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Aero-technics Publishing House.2003,4
[10] 李宏.汽车变速器总成交检试验台的研究.天津大学.2004
[11] QC/T568-1999汽车机械变速器台架试验方法.中华人民共和国汽车行业标准.国家机械工业局.1993-03-15
[12] JB/T9720-2001 机械工程变速器性能试验方法.中国机械工业联合会.2001
[13] 程虎.虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势.现代科学仪器.1999,4
[14] 杨乐平,李海涛等.虚拟仪器技术概论.北京:电子工业出版社.2003,1
[15] 程虎.虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势.现代科学仪器.1999,4
[16] 徐洁主编.检测技术与仪器.北京:清华大学出版社.2004
[17] 王瑜主编.检测技术.北京:电子科技大学出版社.2004
[18] 程广伟.自动变速器试验台信号采集及数据处理系统.武汉理工大学.2001
[19] 杨鎏.基于无线通讯的客车轻便换档控制系统及操纵机构开发.大连理工大学.2006
[20] 周希章编著.如何正确选用电动机.北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[21] 李铁才,杜坤梅编著.电机控制技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2000,l2
[22] 石秋洁主编.变频器应用基础.北京:机械工业出版社.2003
[23] 曾毅,王效良,吴皓等.变频调速系统的设计与维护.山东科学技术出版社.2002,10
[24] 冯垛生,张森编著.变频器的应用与维护.广州:华南理工大学出版社.2001,9
[25] 吴忠智,吴加林.变频器应用手册.第二版.机械工业出版社.2003,4
[26] 林箐.发动机试验台架自动数据采集系统开发.北京理工大学.2003
[27] 杨玉霞.信号分析与处理.中国电力出版社.2007,10
[28] 侯国章等.测试与传感技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2000,12
[29] 王君,凌振宝.传感器原理与检测技术.长春:吉林大学出版社.2003
[30] 张伦,冯新强等.传感器与信号调理器件应用技术.北京:科学出版社. 2002
[31] 李志忠等编著.数据采集和监控中的微机应用.北京:清华大学出版社.1988,9
[32] Ernesst , Doebelin. Measurement Systems Application and Design (Third Edition).McGraw-Hill Book Company.2001,3
[33] A. V. Oppenheim , A. S. Willsky , S. H. Nawab. Signal and Systems (Second Edition). Prentic Hall.1999
[34] 周宏.气动技术的新发展.液压气动与密封.2001,5
[35] 左健民等.液压与气压传动.北京:机械工业出版社.2001
[36] 杨清梅,孙建民主编.传感器与测试技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2004
[37] 张建民.传感器与检测技术.北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[38] 彭军编著.传感器与检测技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[39] 曲波等.工业常用传感器选型指南.北京:清华大学出版社.2002
[40] 李永健、丁康等.汽车变速器试验的微机监控系统.汽车工程.1995,17 (2):113-119
[41] 汤宝平.基于 PC 总线虚拟动态测试分析仪软件的设计.振动、测试与诊断.2000,6
[42] T.P.Blanchett, G.C.Kenber, K.Dubay. PID Jain Scheduling using fuzzy Logic.ISA Transactions.39(3):317～325,2000
[43] A.S. Sedra and K.C.Smith. Microelectronic Circuits(Forth Edition).Oxford University Press.1998,7
[44] N.Baydar, A.Ball. Detection of Gear Failures ViaVibration and Acoustic Signals Using Wavelet Transform.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.2003,2
[45] 谢朝夕.气动伺服定位系统的理论研究与应用.重庆大学.2005,5
[46] 梅晓榕.自动控制原理.北京:科学出版社.2003,2
[47] 李济民.自动控制系统 PID 调解参数最优化技术研究.西安交通大学.2001
[48] 华正权.信号变换电路.北京:电子工业出版社.1994,10
[49] 袁晓君,李明,袁晓文.VisualBasic 计算机语言函数应用.北京:科学出版社.2000,1
[50] 张红军,王虹等.VisualBasic6.0 中文版高级应用与开发指南.北京:人民邮电出版社.2002,7
[51] 李春葆,张植民.Visual Basic 数据库系统设计与开发.北京:清华大学出版社.2003,8
[52] 卢毅. Visual Basic 数据库设计实例导航.北京:科学出版社.2001,2
[53] 尉宏波等.WindowsAPI 编程范例入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社.2003,12
[54] [美]JWayne Freeze 著,君品,冯硕,贾志博等译.Visual Basic 数据库编程宝典.北京:电子工业出版社.2001,5
[55] 李兰友,庄国瑜.VisualBasic 绘图与图像处理.北京:人民邮电出版社.1999,9