IPV6下VRRP的研究与实现
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摘要
当前Internet互联网的标准协议是IP的第4版,即IPV4,而IPV4由于地址资源枯竭和路由表爆炸等致命问题,已经面临着更新换代的必要。IP第6版,即IPV6是作为IPV4协议的后继者而由因特网架构委员会(IAB)的因特网工程任务组(IETF)设计的新版本的IP协议,有着几乎无限的地址空间和层次化的地址结构,即将成为未来IP网的标准协议。
IPV4制定后20多年来已经积累了很多问题,尤其是在其基础上运行的各种网络协议,因而对各种原IPV4下的网络协议向IPV6迁移就成了IPV6设计的一个重要工作。近年来RIP、OSPF等重要的路由协议已经经过不同程度的修改成功迁移到了IPV6下。
VRRP是IP协议族的一个重要协议,主要提供了对默认下一跳路由的动态冗余备份,目前还没有被迁移到IPV6下的国际标准,本文以RFC委员会在2004年最新推出的VRRP IPV6草案7作为基础,深入的研究和探讨了VRRP在IPV6下的各种新功能,对草案中增删的各种功能特性分析了其理论根据和优缺点,并对草案中给出的协议状态机在深入分析的基础上给出了改进方案,较好的改善了VRRP的收敛时间和协议功能,最后在Vxworks环境下对其进行了仿真实现。
The standard protocol of Internet networks available is the forth edition of IP (Internet Protocol) ,that is IPV4.For two fatal problems“the address exhausted”and“the route table exploring”, It must be replaced by the next generation protocol .The sixth edition of IP ,that is IPV6,is the new next generation protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version Internet protocol-IPV4. IPV6, which has almost infinite IP addresses and the layered address architecture, is the future standard protocol of IP.
IPV4, which is now about twenty years old, is beginning to have many problems, especially for those network protocols which are running based on the IPV4,so it is important for us to amend them to fit IPV6.Recently years, most route protocol such as RIP,OSPF had been amended to fit IPV6 successfully through the respective different changing.
VRRP, is an important protocol of IP protocols family, mainly provides a dynamic redundancy backup mechanism of the default next-hop. It has not had the replaced protocol in IPV6 until now. Based on the seventh edition VRRP for IPV6 draft of RFC, the paper shows various new functions of VRRP for IPV6, analyses advantages and theory foundation of the changing of the draft, and improves the VRRP state machine through a deeply analysis in it. This improvement makes the convergence time of VRRP topology less. At the end, we realize the emulation system of the new VRRP in vxworks.
IPV4制定后20多年来已经积累了很多问题,尤其是在其基础上运行的各种网络协议,因而对各种原IPV4下的网络协议向IPV6迁移就成了IPV6设计的一个重要工作。近年来RIP、OSPF等重要的路由协议已经经过不同程度的修改成功迁移到了IPV6下。
VRRP是IP协议族的一个重要协议,主要提供了对默认下一跳路由的动态冗余备份,目前还没有被迁移到IPV6下的国际标准,本文以RFC委员会在2004年最新推出的VRRP IPV6草案7作为基础,深入的研究和探讨了VRRP在IPV6下的各种新功能,对草案中增删的各种功能特性分析了其理论根据和优缺点,并对草案中给出的协议状态机在深入分析的基础上给出了改进方案,较好的改善了VRRP的收敛时间和协议功能,最后在Vxworks环境下对其进行了仿真实现。
The standard protocol of Internet networks available is the forth edition of IP (Internet Protocol) ,that is IPV4.For two fatal problems“the address exhausted”and“the route table exploring”, It must be replaced by the next generation protocol .The sixth edition of IP ,that is IPV6,is the new next generation protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version Internet protocol-IPV4. IPV6, which has almost infinite IP addresses and the layered address architecture, is the future standard protocol of IP.
IPV4, which is now about twenty years old, is beginning to have many problems, especially for those network protocols which are running based on the IPV4,so it is important for us to amend them to fit IPV6.Recently years, most route protocol such as RIP,OSPF had been amended to fit IPV6 successfully through the respective different changing.
VRRP, is an important protocol of IP protocols family, mainly provides a dynamic redundancy backup mechanism of the default next-hop. It has not had the replaced protocol in IPV6 until now. Based on the seventh edition VRRP for IPV6 draft of RFC, the paper shows various new functions of VRRP for IPV6, analyses advantages and theory foundation of the changing of the draft, and improves the VRRP state machine through a deeply analysis in it. This improvement makes the convergence time of VRRP topology less. At the end, we realize the emulation system of the new VRRP in vxworks.
引文
[1] Robert. Hinden. “draft-ietf-vrrp-IPV6-spec-07”. RFC September 28, 2004
[2] S. Knight,D. Weaver. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol RFC 2338,April 1998
[3] Robert Hinden. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) RFC 3768, April 2004
[4] T. Narten, E. Nordmark, W. Simpson. “Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPV6)”. RFC 2461, December 1998
[5] S. Thomson, T. Narten. IPV6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. RFC 2462, December 1998
[6] Y. Rekhter, T. Li. An Architecture for IPV6 Unicast Address Allocation. RFC 1887, December 1995
[7] R. Hinden, M. O'Dell.An IPV6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format. RFC 2374, July 1998
[8] Joseph Davies 著,张晓彤等译.理解 IPV6. 清华大学出版社,2004 年 3 月第一版
[9] 港湾网络.港湾网络 IPV6 资料. 港湾网络有限公司研发部,2005.12
[10] 佚名. IPV4-IPV6 过渡策略. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 6 月 9 日
[11] 佚名. IPV6 路由寻址方式. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 12 月 23 日
[12] 佚名. IPV6 地址及 IPV6DNS 的研究. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 12 月 9 日
[13] 港湾网络.VRRP 资料.港湾网络有限公司研发部. 2005.12
[14] IAB and IESG. IPV6 Address Allocation Management. RFC 1881, December 1995
[15] J. McCann, S. Deering. Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6. RFC 1981, August 1996
[16] R. Hinden, S. Deering. IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. RFC 2373, July 1998
[17] R. Hinden, S. Deering. IPV6 Multicast Address Assignments. RFC 2375, July 1998
[18] S. Deering, R. Hinden. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPV6) Specification. RFC 2460, December 1998
[19] M. Crawford. Transmission of IPV6 Packets over Ethernet Networks. RFC 2464, December 1998
[20] A. Conta, S. Deering. Generic Packet Tunneling in IPV6 Specification. RFC 2473, December 1998
[21] B. Carpenter, C. Jung.Transmission of IPV6 over IPV4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels. RFC 2529, March 1999
[22] C. Partridge, A. Jackson. IPV6 Router Alert Option. RFC 2711, October 1999
[23] D. Johnson, S. Deering. Reserved IPV6 Subnet Anycast Addresses. RFC 2526, March 1999
[24] R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound. Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPV6. RFC 2553, March 1999
[25] G. Tsirtsis, P. Srisuresh. Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT). RFC 2766, February 2000
[26] M. Crawford, C. Huitema. DNS Extensions to Support IPV6 Address Aggregation and Renumbering. RFC 2874, July 2000
[27] R. Gilligan, E. Nordmark.Transition Mechanisms for IPV6 Hosts and Routers. RFC 2893, August 2000
[28] R. Hinden, S. Deering. Initial IPV6 Sub-TLA ID Assignments. RFC 2928, September 2000
[29] T. Narten, R. Draves. Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPV6. RFC 3041, January 2001
[30] B. Carpenter, K. Moore.Connection of IPV6 Domains via IPV4 Clouds. RFC 3056, February 2001
[31] C. Partridge.Using the Flow Label Field in IPV6. RFC 1809, June 1995
[32] K. Nichols, S. Blake. Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPV4 and IPV6 Headers. RFC 2474, December 1998
[33] S. Blake, D. Black.An Architecture for Differentiated Services. RFC 2475, December 1998
[34] M. Degermark, B. Nordgren,S. Pink. P Header Compression. RFC 2507, February 1999
[35] D. Haskin, S. Onishi. Management Information Base for IP Version 6: Textual Conventions and General Group. RFC 2465, December 1998
[36] R. Hinden, R. Fink, J. Postel.IPV6 Testing Address Allocation. RFC 2471, December 1998
[37] S. Kent, R. Atkinson. Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol. RFC 2401, November 1998
[38] D. Borman, S. Deering, R. Hinden. IPV6 Jumbograms. RFC 2675, August 1999
[39] 陈智育,温彦军,陈琪。VxWorks 程序开发实践,人民邮电出版社,2004,5月第一版
[40] 王学龙。嵌入式 VxWorks 系统开发与应用人民邮电出版社,2003 年 10 月第一版
[41] 罗国庆等。VxWorks 与嵌入式软件开发 机械工业出版社,2004 年 4 月第一版第二印
[42] 符意德。嵌入式系统设计原理及应用。 清华大学出版社,2004 年 11 月第一版
[43] 陈渝,李明等。源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践。北京航空航天大学出版社,2004 年 9 月第一版。
[44] 风河公司。风河公司培训文档。风河公司,2005 年 12 月
[45] 孔祥营。嵌入式实时操作系统 VxWorks 及其开发环境 Tornado。 中国电力出版社,2002 年 1 月 1 日。
[2] S. Knight,D. Weaver. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol RFC 2338,April 1998
[3] Robert Hinden. Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) RFC 3768, April 2004
[4] T. Narten, E. Nordmark, W. Simpson. “Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPV6)”. RFC 2461, December 1998
[5] S. Thomson, T. Narten. IPV6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. RFC 2462, December 1998
[6] Y. Rekhter, T. Li. An Architecture for IPV6 Unicast Address Allocation. RFC 1887, December 1995
[7] R. Hinden, M. O'Dell.An IPV6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format. RFC 2374, July 1998
[8] Joseph Davies 著,张晓彤等译.理解 IPV6. 清华大学出版社,2004 年 3 月第一版
[9] 港湾网络.港湾网络 IPV6 资料. 港湾网络有限公司研发部,2005.12
[10] 佚名. IPV4-IPV6 过渡策略. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 6 月 9 日
[11] 佚名. IPV6 路由寻址方式. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 12 月 23 日
[12] 佚名. IPV6 地址及 IPV6DNS 的研究. ChinaITlab. 2003 年 12 月 9 日
[13] 港湾网络.VRRP 资料.港湾网络有限公司研发部. 2005.12
[14] IAB and IESG. IPV6 Address Allocation Management. RFC 1881, December 1995
[15] J. McCann, S. Deering. Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6. RFC 1981, August 1996
[16] R. Hinden, S. Deering. IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. RFC 2373, July 1998
[17] R. Hinden, S. Deering. IPV6 Multicast Address Assignments. RFC 2375, July 1998
[18] S. Deering, R. Hinden. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPV6) Specification. RFC 2460, December 1998
[19] M. Crawford. Transmission of IPV6 Packets over Ethernet Networks. RFC 2464, December 1998
[20] A. Conta, S. Deering. Generic Packet Tunneling in IPV6 Specification. RFC 2473, December 1998
[21] B. Carpenter, C. Jung.Transmission of IPV6 over IPV4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels. RFC 2529, March 1999
[22] C. Partridge, A. Jackson. IPV6 Router Alert Option. RFC 2711, October 1999
[23] D. Johnson, S. Deering. Reserved IPV6 Subnet Anycast Addresses. RFC 2526, March 1999
[24] R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound. Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPV6. RFC 2553, March 1999
[25] G. Tsirtsis, P. Srisuresh. Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT). RFC 2766, February 2000
[26] M. Crawford, C. Huitema. DNS Extensions to Support IPV6 Address Aggregation and Renumbering. RFC 2874, July 2000
[27] R. Gilligan, E. Nordmark.Transition Mechanisms for IPV6 Hosts and Routers. RFC 2893, August 2000
[28] R. Hinden, S. Deering. Initial IPV6 Sub-TLA ID Assignments. RFC 2928, September 2000
[29] T. Narten, R. Draves. Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPV6. RFC 3041, January 2001
[30] B. Carpenter, K. Moore.Connection of IPV6 Domains via IPV4 Clouds. RFC 3056, February 2001
[31] C. Partridge.Using the Flow Label Field in IPV6. RFC 1809, June 1995
[32] K. Nichols, S. Blake. Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPV4 and IPV6 Headers. RFC 2474, December 1998
[33] S. Blake, D. Black.An Architecture for Differentiated Services. RFC 2475, December 1998
[34] M. Degermark, B. Nordgren,S. Pink. P Header Compression. RFC 2507, February 1999
[35] D. Haskin, S. Onishi. Management Information Base for IP Version 6: Textual Conventions and General Group. RFC 2465, December 1998
[36] R. Hinden, R. Fink, J. Postel.IPV6 Testing Address Allocation. RFC 2471, December 1998
[37] S. Kent, R. Atkinson. Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol. RFC 2401, November 1998
[38] D. Borman, S. Deering, R. Hinden. IPV6 Jumbograms. RFC 2675, August 1999
[39] 陈智育,温彦军,陈琪。VxWorks 程序开发实践,人民邮电出版社,2004,5月第一版
[40] 王学龙。嵌入式 VxWorks 系统开发与应用人民邮电出版社,2003 年 10 月第一版
[41] 罗国庆等。VxWorks 与嵌入式软件开发 机械工业出版社,2004 年 4 月第一版第二印
[42] 符意德。嵌入式系统设计原理及应用。 清华大学出版社,2004 年 11 月第一版
[43] 陈渝,李明等。源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践。北京航空航天大学出版社,2004 年 9 月第一版。
[44] 风河公司。风河公司培训文档。风河公司,2005 年 12 月
[45] 孔祥营。嵌入式实时操作系统 VxWorks 及其开发环境 Tornado。 中国电力出版社,2002 年 1 月 1 日。