弯管机专用数控系统的开发
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摘要
随着运输制造行业的迅速发展,我国对各类弯管制造设备的需求越来越大,要求也越来越高。弯管零件以往多采用手工或液压弯管夹具弯曲的方法生产,这两种加工方法存在着生产准备周期长、投资大或单品种专机使用的缺点,无法适应小批量多品种、高效率生产的要求。为此,本文将数控技术运用到弯管加工设备中,开发了弯管机专用数控系统。
本文主要完成了以下工作:分析了弯管机的工作原理、控制要求以及国内数控弯管机的需求状况;根据弯管零件的加工特点及其发展趋势,分析了弯管机系统的软硬件设计方案,最终提出了弯管机系统的整体设计方案,并在此基础上,深入研究了弯管空间坐标转换算法和弹性回弹算法,完成了弯管空间坐标直接转化为M代码系统的设计,从而实现了弯管系统的自动编程和自动换模加工;基于以上的分析与研究,开发了自动弯管编程、智能暂停等功能较完善的弯管机专用数控系统。
该数控弯管机现已应用于弯管企业的实际生产加工,实践表明,该专机的应用缩短了新模型的设计周期,提高了弯管零件加工的生产效率和制造精度,增强的弯管机床的扩展性,提高了产品质量和档次,满足了实际生产的需要。
With the rapid development of the transportation manufacturing industry, the demand of tube-bending manufacturing equipment becomes much more urgent. In the past, tube-bending tools were mostly manually produced or produced by hydraulic fixtures. But many defects exist in these two ways, such as: long cycle of production preparations, high cost of investment and single varieties plane used only. So they are not fit for small batch, variety and high efficiency production. Therefore, CNC technologies are introduced into the devices for manufacture tube-bending tools, and a special CNC system for tube-bending tools machine is developed.
The work includes: analysis of working principium for the tube-bending machine, control requirement and the development. Based on the working principium of tube-bending manufacture and development, some reasonable software and hardware schemes are proposed, and then the best one scheme is proposed. And then, geometry models of facility are established, the tube-bending module and the M code system transformation system are built. Therefore, the automation programming system for tube-bending machine and module changing system is developed. Finally, based on the above analysis and study, the special CNC system of tube-bending machine is achieved, which can code and program automatically for tube-bending manufacture.
The CNC tube-bending machines have already been using in factories. The special CNC system can not only shorten the development period for new kinds of products, but also improve the work efficiency in practice, make the products with higher and topper grade, and meet the requirements in tube-bending manufacture.
本文主要完成了以下工作:分析了弯管机的工作原理、控制要求以及国内数控弯管机的需求状况;根据弯管零件的加工特点及其发展趋势,分析了弯管机系统的软硬件设计方案,最终提出了弯管机系统的整体设计方案,并在此基础上,深入研究了弯管空间坐标转换算法和弹性回弹算法,完成了弯管空间坐标直接转化为M代码系统的设计,从而实现了弯管系统的自动编程和自动换模加工;基于以上的分析与研究,开发了自动弯管编程、智能暂停等功能较完善的弯管机专用数控系统。
该数控弯管机现已应用于弯管企业的实际生产加工,实践表明,该专机的应用缩短了新模型的设计周期,提高了弯管零件加工的生产效率和制造精度,增强的弯管机床的扩展性,提高了产品质量和档次,满足了实际生产的需要。
With the rapid development of the transportation manufacturing industry, the demand of tube-bending manufacturing equipment becomes much more urgent. In the past, tube-bending tools were mostly manually produced or produced by hydraulic fixtures. But many defects exist in these two ways, such as: long cycle of production preparations, high cost of investment and single varieties plane used only. So they are not fit for small batch, variety and high efficiency production. Therefore, CNC technologies are introduced into the devices for manufacture tube-bending tools, and a special CNC system for tube-bending tools machine is developed.
The work includes: analysis of working principium for the tube-bending machine, control requirement and the development. Based on the working principium of tube-bending manufacture and development, some reasonable software and hardware schemes are proposed, and then the best one scheme is proposed. And then, geometry models of facility are established, the tube-bending module and the M code system transformation system are built. Therefore, the automation programming system for tube-bending machine and module changing system is developed. Finally, based on the above analysis and study, the special CNC system of tube-bending machine is achieved, which can code and program automatically for tube-bending manufacture.
The CNC tube-bending machines have already been using in factories. The special CNC system can not only shorten the development period for new kinds of products, but also improve the work efficiency in practice, make the products with higher and topper grade, and meet the requirements in tube-bending manufacture.
引文
[1]武汉汽车工业大学学报第18卷第一期1996年2月.
[2]张树森.机械制造工程学东北大学出版社2001.
[3]游有鹏,董伟杰,张晓峰,王珉.开发式数控系统—新一代NC的主流航空制造技术, 1999(5):35-39.
[4]周祖德,魏任选,陈幼平.开放式控制系统的现状、趋势与对策.中国机械工程,1999(10): 1190-1193.
[5] Prischow G, Daniel Ch, J unghans G, et al. Open system controllers—a challenge for the future of the machine tool industry. Annals of the CIRP , 1993, 43(1).
[6] John GayLord. Factory Information System. Siemens Research and Technology lab. New Jersey:1987.
[7]孙宗禹,李琨等.工艺设计与数控编程集成化的一种途径.湖南大学学报,1991,4月(增刊):24-29.
[8]简明铣床说明书.华中数控股份有限公司,武汉,2003.
[9]杨文泉.数控加工程序设计.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1987:70-105.
[10]叶伯生,朱志红,熊清平.计算机数控系统原理、编程与操作.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.
[11]廖效果,朱启逑.数字控制机床.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992.
[12]周延佑.国产数控的特点和机床数控化改造的迫切性.制造技术与机床,1999(6):6-9.
[13] Alison J K, et al. Iconic Interfacing: The Role of Icon Distinctiveness and Fixed or Variable Screen Locations Human Computer Interface—IFIP.1990.
[14] Li Congxin, B.luhman, B.Zervas. Intelligent Hydraulic Position Control system. Proceedings of the tamper international conference on fluid power, 1991.
[15] Marchetti Louis A, Wright Paul. Pc-based Open Architecture Controller. Design, Implementation, and Operation. MED Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 1999(10): 863-867.
[16]李福生.数控机床程序编制——自动编程.北京:机械工业出版社,1988:5-17.
[17]特米德里也夫,苏联造船工人短期训练教材弯管工作,北京,机械工业出版社,1958.3.
[18] Wirth N. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1986.
[19]白其峥.数学建模案例分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000.
[20] Park J, Pasek Z J, Shan Y, et al. An open architecture real time controller for machining processes. Proceedings of the 27th CIRP ISMS, 1995. 51～58, 27～34.
[21]杨泽发,李从心,王运赣管材加工柔性单元数控系统中管子的三维描述,锻压机械.
[22] V Daniel Hunt, Chapman, Hall. Computer Integrated Manufacuring Handbook. New York,1989.
[23] Alan A, Desrocher. Modeling and Control of Automated manufacturing Systems. IEEE Computer Society press, 1990.
[24]武汉锅炉厂设计科,弯管计算,北京,机械工业出版社,1973.12.
[25]诸大成.C型杠杆式弯管机及内侧加热的小半径弯管.锅炉技术,1990(3);1-6
[26]陈景云,倪亦泉等.人机界面设计与开发工具北京:电子工业出版社,1994.
[27] Peklenik, Grum J.Investigation of the computer aided classification of parts.In:Annals of the CIRP,1980;29(1):319-323.
[28] Paul Helman. An algebra for search problems and their solution. In: Kanal L, Kumar V eds. Search in Artificial Intellegence. Springer-Verlag, 1988.28-90.
[29] Sahni S.Data Structures, Algorithms, and Application in C++. McGraw Hill Companies, Inc, 1998.
[30] Peter J.Chapman. state of the art. CNC tube bending. Addison Tool Co.ltd. U.K.1993.
[31]谭浩强.程序设计北京清华大学出版社1993.
[32]汪凌云,刘静安.计算金属成型力学及应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991:178-252.
[33]朱铮涛,CNC蛇行弯管机电冶伺服系统建模与控制,硕士论文,1992.1.
[34]吴祖育等.数控机床上海:上海科学技术出版社1989.
[35] Lefebvre D, Haug E, Hatt F. Induatrial applications of computer simulation in stamping.Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1994,46:351-389.
[36]林其骏.黄长艺.机械工程测试技术基础.北京:机械工业出版社1990.
[37]日本塑性加工学会编制.陈敬之译.旋压成型技术.北京工业出版社, 1998.
[38]王成和,刘克璋.旋压技术.北京:机械工业出版社1986.
[39] Peter J Chapman. CNC tube bending. Addison Corp. 1992-10.
[40] Ueda Y, Murakawa H, Mohamed R A, et al. Development of computer-aided progress planning system for plate bending by line heating (Report M). Journal of Ship Production. 1994,10(4):24.
[41]李福生,戴有虎,阎茂林等.数控机床程序编制——自动编程.北京:机械工业出版社, 1988.
[42]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.电工技术杂志,2004年第12期.
[43]刘雄伟等.数控加工理论与编程技术.机械工业出版社,1994.
[44]王文等.基于工业PC机的数控语言编译系统研究.机电工程:机电一体化论文集,1997:105～106.
[45] Li Congxin, HuangShuhuai, DengJulong. The Flow Servo System Controlled by Microcomputer. Proceedings of International Conference onFluid Power Transmission and Control, Hangzhou China.
[46]王治森,赵福民,张勇,数控系统加工程序的编译.合肥工业大学学报,2003,23(1):95～98.
[47]杨后川,梁炜.机床数控技术及应用.北京,北京大学出版社,2005.
[48] Andrew Kusiak. Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Prentice Hall, Inc 1990(杨静宇,陆际联译,1993,清华大学出版社).
[49]李德庆等.计算机辅助制造北京:机械工业出版社1992.
[2]张树森.机械制造工程学东北大学出版社2001.
[3]游有鹏,董伟杰,张晓峰,王珉.开发式数控系统—新一代NC的主流航空制造技术, 1999(5):35-39.
[4]周祖德,魏任选,陈幼平.开放式控制系统的现状、趋势与对策.中国机械工程,1999(10): 1190-1193.
[5] Prischow G, Daniel Ch, J unghans G, et al. Open system controllers—a challenge for the future of the machine tool industry. Annals of the CIRP , 1993, 43(1).
[6] John GayLord. Factory Information System. Siemens Research and Technology lab. New Jersey:1987.
[7]孙宗禹,李琨等.工艺设计与数控编程集成化的一种途径.湖南大学学报,1991,4月(增刊):24-29.
[8]简明铣床说明书.华中数控股份有限公司,武汉,2003.
[9]杨文泉.数控加工程序设计.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1987:70-105.
[10]叶伯生,朱志红,熊清平.计算机数控系统原理、编程与操作.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.
[11]廖效果,朱启逑.数字控制机床.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992.
[12]周延佑.国产数控的特点和机床数控化改造的迫切性.制造技术与机床,1999(6):6-9.
[13] Alison J K, et al. Iconic Interfacing: The Role of Icon Distinctiveness and Fixed or Variable Screen Locations Human Computer Interface—IFIP.1990.
[14] Li Congxin, B.luhman, B.Zervas. Intelligent Hydraulic Position Control system. Proceedings of the tamper international conference on fluid power, 1991.
[15] Marchetti Louis A, Wright Paul. Pc-based Open Architecture Controller. Design, Implementation, and Operation. MED Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 1999(10): 863-867.
[16]李福生.数控机床程序编制——自动编程.北京:机械工业出版社,1988:5-17.
[17]特米德里也夫,苏联造船工人短期训练教材弯管工作,北京,机械工业出版社,1958.3.
[18] Wirth N. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall, 1986.
[19]白其峥.数学建模案例分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000.
[20] Park J, Pasek Z J, Shan Y, et al. An open architecture real time controller for machining processes. Proceedings of the 27th CIRP ISMS, 1995. 51～58, 27～34.
[21]杨泽发,李从心,王运赣管材加工柔性单元数控系统中管子的三维描述,锻压机械.
[22] V Daniel Hunt, Chapman, Hall. Computer Integrated Manufacuring Handbook. New York,1989.
[23] Alan A, Desrocher. Modeling and Control of Automated manufacturing Systems. IEEE Computer Society press, 1990.
[24]武汉锅炉厂设计科,弯管计算,北京,机械工业出版社,1973.12.
[25]诸大成.C型杠杆式弯管机及内侧加热的小半径弯管.锅炉技术,1990(3);1-6
[26]陈景云,倪亦泉等.人机界面设计与开发工具北京:电子工业出版社,1994.
[27] Peklenik, Grum J.Investigation of the computer aided classification of parts.In:Annals of the CIRP,1980;29(1):319-323.
[28] Paul Helman. An algebra for search problems and their solution. In: Kanal L, Kumar V eds. Search in Artificial Intellegence. Springer-Verlag, 1988.28-90.
[29] Sahni S.Data Structures, Algorithms, and Application in C++. McGraw Hill Companies, Inc, 1998.
[30] Peter J.Chapman. state of the art. CNC tube bending. Addison Tool Co.ltd. U.K.1993.
[31]谭浩强.程序设计北京清华大学出版社1993.
[32]汪凌云,刘静安.计算金属成型力学及应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991:178-252.
[33]朱铮涛,CNC蛇行弯管机电冶伺服系统建模与控制,硕士论文,1992.1.
[34]吴祖育等.数控机床上海:上海科学技术出版社1989.
[35] Lefebvre D, Haug E, Hatt F. Induatrial applications of computer simulation in stamping.Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1994,46:351-389.
[36]林其骏.黄长艺.机械工程测试技术基础.北京:机械工业出版社1990.
[37]日本塑性加工学会编制.陈敬之译.旋压成型技术.北京工业出版社, 1998.
[38]王成和,刘克璋.旋压技术.北京:机械工业出版社1986.
[39] Peter J Chapman. CNC tube bending. Addison Corp. 1992-10.
[40] Ueda Y, Murakawa H, Mohamed R A, et al. Development of computer-aided progress planning system for plate bending by line heating (Report M). Journal of Ship Production. 1994,10(4):24.
[41]李福生,戴有虎,阎茂林等.数控机床程序编制——自动编程.北京:机械工业出版社, 1988.
[42]张祖正,谢运祥,高静巧.一种新颖的高功率因数AC/DC变换器.电工技术杂志,2004年第12期.
[43]刘雄伟等.数控加工理论与编程技术.机械工业出版社,1994.
[44]王文等.基于工业PC机的数控语言编译系统研究.机电工程:机电一体化论文集,1997:105～106.
[45] Li Congxin, HuangShuhuai, DengJulong. The Flow Servo System Controlled by Microcomputer. Proceedings of International Conference onFluid Power Transmission and Control, Hangzhou China.
[46]王治森,赵福民,张勇,数控系统加工程序的编译.合肥工业大学学报,2003,23(1):95～98.
[47]杨后川,梁炜.机床数控技术及应用.北京,北京大学出版社,2005.
[48] Andrew Kusiak. Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Prentice Hall, Inc 1990(杨静宇,陆际联译,1993,清华大学出版社).
[49]李德庆等.计算机辅助制造北京:机械工业出版社1992.