重型立式车床盘式刀库数字化设计
摘要
随着现代工业的发展和我国基本建设的兴起,各项工程对于大型设备的需求与日俱增。这就要求我们提高大型加工设备的工作效率,生产出更多的产品以适应市场的需要。重型立车作为一种重要的重型加工设备,可以通过提高其自动化程度达到提高工作效率的目的。而自动换刀系统作为一种独立的系统与重型立车配合使用,可以显著的提高重型立车的工作效率。
在自动换刀装置整体设计方案中,结构形式上采用了盘式刀库和液压机械手臂想相结合的形式。通过计算转动惯量和增置阻尼装置,有效的避免了盘式刀库在起、停过程中产生的惯性冲击,提高了盘式刀库的转动精度;盘式刀库的精确旋转配合机械手臂的伸缩动作,使换刀过程可以准确执行;在控制上,采用了无触点接近式开关来控制盘式刀库和机械手臂的顺序动作,不仅提高了动作的精度,而且更加便于调整和维护。在确定了整体设计方案后,运用UG对整个换刀系统进行了实体建模和运动仿真分析。分析结果显示,整个系统无干涉,且整体运行平稳。运用ANSYS对系统的关键部件进行了受力和变形分析。结果显示:系统关键部件设计合理,变形量在设计范围之内。
在数字设计的基础上,进行了实际的样机制作和样机实验。实验结果表明:实际的换刀情况与数字设计、分析的结果基本一致。样机已经能顺利的完成取刀、送刀等一系列的换刀动作。
本次研究为重型立车自动换刀装置提供了有价值的设计依据。
With the developing of modern industry and the booming of capital construction, the needing asked by large-scale construction for large equipments are increasing day by day. This needs us to improve the efficiency of the large equipment to output more production to meet the marketing needs. As an important heavy processing equipment, the heavy vertical should increase the efficiency by improved the degree of automatic. The magazine as an independent system worked with the heavy vertical could improve the efficiency very significantly.
Use the disc-like magazine and hydraulic auto arm overall design of the program. Through the calculation of disc-like magazine’s moment of inertia and introduce the damping device, avoid the inertial impact produced when the disc-like magazine switch on and off efficiency, and improved the rotational accuracy of disc-like magazine. The disc-like magazine’s precision turned worked with the hydraulic-driven auto arm out and back make the tools change smoothly.
In control model, use the non-contact proximity switch to control the magazine and the hydraulic auto arm’s action. This model do not only improves the action accuracy, but also makes the regulation and maintenance more convenient. After determine of the design program, we make solid model by UG. Then, we do the analysis of the solid model’s moving. The results tell us that, there is no interference all over the system. The system’s moving is smoothly. After this we use ANSYS to analysis the system’s ford and deformation. The results tell us that the system important part design is rational and s’deformation is in the design range.
Based on the digital design, we produced physical prototype for experimental. The results tell us, the hydraulic auto arm is similar with the result of digital design and analysis. The prototype could finish the tools change action successfully.
This study for heavy-duty vertical lathe of Automatic Tool Change Mechanism provides a valuable basis for the design.
在自动换刀装置整体设计方案中,结构形式上采用了盘式刀库和液压机械手臂想相结合的形式。通过计算转动惯量和增置阻尼装置,有效的避免了盘式刀库在起、停过程中产生的惯性冲击,提高了盘式刀库的转动精度;盘式刀库的精确旋转配合机械手臂的伸缩动作,使换刀过程可以准确执行;在控制上,采用了无触点接近式开关来控制盘式刀库和机械手臂的顺序动作,不仅提高了动作的精度,而且更加便于调整和维护。在确定了整体设计方案后,运用UG对整个换刀系统进行了实体建模和运动仿真分析。分析结果显示,整个系统无干涉,且整体运行平稳。运用ANSYS对系统的关键部件进行了受力和变形分析。结果显示:系统关键部件设计合理,变形量在设计范围之内。
在数字设计的基础上,进行了实际的样机制作和样机实验。实验结果表明:实际的换刀情况与数字设计、分析的结果基本一致。样机已经能顺利的完成取刀、送刀等一系列的换刀动作。
本次研究为重型立车自动换刀装置提供了有价值的设计依据。
With the developing of modern industry and the booming of capital construction, the needing asked by large-scale construction for large equipments are increasing day by day. This needs us to improve the efficiency of the large equipment to output more production to meet the marketing needs. As an important heavy processing equipment, the heavy vertical should increase the efficiency by improved the degree of automatic. The magazine as an independent system worked with the heavy vertical could improve the efficiency very significantly.
Use the disc-like magazine and hydraulic auto arm overall design of the program. Through the calculation of disc-like magazine’s moment of inertia and introduce the damping device, avoid the inertial impact produced when the disc-like magazine switch on and off efficiency, and improved the rotational accuracy of disc-like magazine. The disc-like magazine’s precision turned worked with the hydraulic-driven auto arm out and back make the tools change smoothly.
In control model, use the non-contact proximity switch to control the magazine and the hydraulic auto arm’s action. This model do not only improves the action accuracy, but also makes the regulation and maintenance more convenient. After determine of the design program, we make solid model by UG. Then, we do the analysis of the solid model’s moving. The results tell us that, there is no interference all over the system. The system’s moving is smoothly. After this we use ANSYS to analysis the system’s ford and deformation. The results tell us that the system important part design is rational and s’deformation is in the design range.
Based on the digital design, we produced physical prototype for experimental. The results tell us, the hydraulic auto arm is similar with the result of digital design and analysis. The prototype could finish the tools change action successfully.
This study for heavy-duty vertical lathe of Automatic Tool Change Mechanism provides a valuable basis for the design.
引文
[1]王科社,杨庆东,孙志永.浅谈快速自动换刀装置[J].新技术新工艺2002,10:2-4
[2] E. Niemi, Optimal tool magazine operation[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2004, 24: 567–572
[3] Park, Sang Min,An, Jong Suk,Ryuh, Beom-Sahng .The development of automatic tool changer and integrated applications software for polishing robot system[J]. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications, 2003:67-172
[4]梁楚华.弹簧夹头自动换刀系统研究[J].机械工艺师,2001,02:48-49
[5] Kornienko, Levina. IMPROVING AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER MECHANISMS THROUGH STUDY OF THEIR DYNAMICS [J]. Machines & Tooling,1979:14-17
[6]陈义庄.数控机床自动换刀装置的选择及刀柄的配置[J].机床与液压, 2002,04:148,228
[7] Yan, Hong-Sen, Yiou, Chih-Wen, Chen, Fu-Chen, Chang, Paul. On the classification of automatic tool changers for machining centers [J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995:931-936
[8] Clevy, Cedric, Hubert, Arnaud, Agnus , Jol, Chaillet, Nicolas. A micromanipulation cell including a tool changer[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2005, 10:S292-S301
[9] Yencha, Mitch. Automatic tool changer gives robots more flexibility[J]. Welding Design and Fabrication, 2003, 03: 22
[10]舒宇峰,赖朝安,孙延明.产品的数字化逆向设计制造研究[J].现代制造工程,2008,04:5-7
[11] Trajkovski, S. AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGERS FOR NC MACHINING CENTRES[J]. Springer-Verlag, 1985, 10: 95-100
[12] Yencha, Mitch. Automatic tool changer gives robots more flexibility[J]. Welding Design and Fabrication, 2003, 02: 22
[13]邱焜城.刀库之发展趋势与未来展望[J].制造技术与机床,2007,04:114
[14]王振宇,江崇民,李德秀.快速可靠的自动换刀机构[J].机械工程师,2006,4:132
[15]陈芳,李继中.Automatic tool changer system control of machine center with carousel storage[J].机械设计与制造,2007,10:25-26
[16]刘炜.数控加工中心自动换刀系统[J].机床与液压,2005,05:85
[17] Gokler, Mustafa Ilhan Koc, Murat Bilgin. Design of an automatic tool changer with disc magazine for a CNC horizontal machining center[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 1997,03:58-60
[18]万会雄,明仁雄.液压与气压传动[M].北京:国防工业出版社:2008:1-6.
[19] Yan, H.-S. Methodology for the configuration synthesis of machining centers with automatic tool changer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME, 1999, 09:359-367
[20]向金林.TH7130立式加工中心自动换刀系统的设计[J].装备制造技术, 2006,03:7-9
[21]郑俊,许明恒,高宏力等.PCB钻床自动换刀机械手换刀部分的设计分析[J].现代机械.2008,01:6-7
[22]刘建慧,邹慧君,颜洪森.对加工中心自动换刀装置换刀时间的探讨[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,08:35-36
[23]王科社,扬庆东,张怀存.关于自动换刀装置速度和可靠性提高的讨论[J].机械,2002,S1:92-93
[24]王科社,盛伯浩.自动换刀装置换刀时间计量方法[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001,04:21-22
[25]安海峰.谈高速加工中心的快速自动换刀技术[J].中国新技术新产品, 2008,09:91
[26]戚洪利.自动换刀装置及其控制的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学:2007:6-15
[27]黄泽正,刘冲,陈志辉.Design of Automatic Tool Changer for Machine Center[J].机械工程与自动化,2007,01:11-13
[28] Ryuh, Beom-Sahng, Park, Sang Min, Pennock, Gordon . An automatic tool changer and integrated software for a robotic die polishing station[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2006,04: 415-432
[29]曾毅.SINUMERIK 840D数控系统在改造数控仿形铣中自动换刀程序的设计[J].伺服控制,2007,05:53-57
[30]洪如瑾.UG NX4 CAD快速入门指导[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-130.
[31]庄家熠,吴江华.UGNX4中文版自学手册---零件设计篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:1-115
[32]张云杰.UG MX 4.0中文版基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007:188-256.
[33]张幼军,王世杰.UG CAD/CAM基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006:12-156.
[34]付本国.UG NX 3.0三维机械设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:12-89.
[35]刘向阳,占向辉,张恩光.UG NX 4.0 CAD详解教程:中文版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:1-25.
[36]康鹏工作室.UG NX 3三维建模精彩实例导航[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:25-111.
[37]夏德伟,张俊生,陈树勇.UG NX4.0中文版机械设计典型范例教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:58-99.
[38]张方瑞,于鹰宇,程鸣.UG NX 2高级实例教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005:256-189.
[39]胡小康.UG NX4运动分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-189.
[40]耿鲁怡,徐六飞.UG结构分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005:29-156.
[41]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:1-394
[42]李为民,杨红义,王宏祥.ANSYS工程结构实用案例分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.9:128-321
[43]王庆五,左昉,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:2-269
[44]博弈创作室. ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:39-353
[2] E. Niemi, Optimal tool magazine operation[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2004, 24: 567–572
[3] Park, Sang Min,An, Jong Suk,Ryuh, Beom-Sahng .The development of automatic tool changer and integrated applications software for polishing robot system[J]. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications, 2003:67-172
[4]梁楚华.弹簧夹头自动换刀系统研究[J].机械工艺师,2001,02:48-49
[5] Kornienko, Levina. IMPROVING AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER MECHANISMS THROUGH STUDY OF THEIR DYNAMICS [J]. Machines & Tooling,1979:14-17
[6]陈义庄.数控机床自动换刀装置的选择及刀柄的配置[J].机床与液压, 2002,04:148,228
[7] Yan, Hong-Sen, Yiou, Chih-Wen, Chen, Fu-Chen, Chang, Paul. On the classification of automatic tool changers for machining centers [J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995:931-936
[8] Clevy, Cedric, Hubert, Arnaud, Agnus , Jol, Chaillet, Nicolas. A micromanipulation cell including a tool changer[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2005, 10:S292-S301
[9] Yencha, Mitch. Automatic tool changer gives robots more flexibility[J]. Welding Design and Fabrication, 2003, 03: 22
[10]舒宇峰,赖朝安,孙延明.产品的数字化逆向设计制造研究[J].现代制造工程,2008,04:5-7
[11] Trajkovski, S. AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGERS FOR NC MACHINING CENTRES[J]. Springer-Verlag, 1985, 10: 95-100
[12] Yencha, Mitch. Automatic tool changer gives robots more flexibility[J]. Welding Design and Fabrication, 2003, 02: 22
[13]邱焜城.刀库之发展趋势与未来展望[J].制造技术与机床,2007,04:114
[14]王振宇,江崇民,李德秀.快速可靠的自动换刀机构[J].机械工程师,2006,4:132
[15]陈芳,李继中.Automatic tool changer system control of machine center with carousel storage[J].机械设计与制造,2007,10:25-26
[16]刘炜.数控加工中心自动换刀系统[J].机床与液压,2005,05:85
[17] Gokler, Mustafa Ilhan Koc, Murat Bilgin. Design of an automatic tool changer with disc magazine for a CNC horizontal machining center[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 1997,03:58-60
[18]万会雄,明仁雄.液压与气压传动[M].北京:国防工业出版社:2008:1-6.
[19] Yan, H.-S. Methodology for the configuration synthesis of machining centers with automatic tool changer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME, 1999, 09:359-367
[20]向金林.TH7130立式加工中心自动换刀系统的设计[J].装备制造技术, 2006,03:7-9
[21]郑俊,许明恒,高宏力等.PCB钻床自动换刀机械手换刀部分的设计分析[J].现代机械.2008,01:6-7
[22]刘建慧,邹慧君,颜洪森.对加工中心自动换刀装置换刀时间的探讨[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,08:35-36
[23]王科社,扬庆东,张怀存.关于自动换刀装置速度和可靠性提高的讨论[J].机械,2002,S1:92-93
[24]王科社,盛伯浩.自动换刀装置换刀时间计量方法[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001,04:21-22
[25]安海峰.谈高速加工中心的快速自动换刀技术[J].中国新技术新产品, 2008,09:91
[26]戚洪利.自动换刀装置及其控制的研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学:2007:6-15
[27]黄泽正,刘冲,陈志辉.Design of Automatic Tool Changer for Machine Center[J].机械工程与自动化,2007,01:11-13
[28] Ryuh, Beom-Sahng, Park, Sang Min, Pennock, Gordon . An automatic tool changer and integrated software for a robotic die polishing station[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2006,04: 415-432
[29]曾毅.SINUMERIK 840D数控系统在改造数控仿形铣中自动换刀程序的设计[J].伺服控制,2007,05:53-57
[30]洪如瑾.UG NX4 CAD快速入门指导[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-130.
[31]庄家熠,吴江华.UGNX4中文版自学手册---零件设计篇[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:1-115
[32]张云杰.UG MX 4.0中文版基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007:188-256.
[33]张幼军,王世杰.UG CAD/CAM基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006:12-156.
[34]付本国.UG NX 3.0三维机械设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:12-89.
[35]刘向阳,占向辉,张恩光.UG NX 4.0 CAD详解教程:中文版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:1-25.
[36]康鹏工作室.UG NX 3三维建模精彩实例导航[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:25-111.
[37]夏德伟,张俊生,陈树勇.UG NX4.0中文版机械设计典型范例教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:58-99.
[38]张方瑞,于鹰宇,程鸣.UG NX 2高级实例教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005:256-189.
[39]胡小康.UG NX4运动分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-189.
[40]耿鲁怡,徐六飞.UG结构分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005:29-156.
[41]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005:1-394
[42]李为民,杨红义,王宏祥.ANSYS工程结构实用案例分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.9:128-321
[43]王庆五,左昉,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:2-269
[44]博弈创作室. ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:39-353