用于国际海上避碰的自动船舶识别系统研究
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摘要
随着世界经济的发展,航运业也迎来了发展机会,人们对于航海通信设备仪器的要求也相应提高。在上个世纪,几乎所有的港口都安装了船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic Service; VTS),全部的远航船舶都安装了雷达自动标绘系统(Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; APRA)。但是船舶交通管理系统(VTS)和雷达(APRA)无法直接识别目标的问题日益突出,船舶自动识别系统应运而生。
船舶自动识别系统的装载对于船舶间的安全避让和航行安全、海上环境保护和船舶交通管理起到了有效的促进和保证作用。考虑到船舶自动识别系统的重要性和必要性,本研究在熟悉船舶自动识别系统的基础上,了解了其安装及使用,分析了船舶自动识别系统对避碰的性能影响,研究了船舶自动识别系统在国际海上避碰的应用,提出了海上智能通信管理系统的概念及相关改进建议,最后对船舶自动识别系统的未来展望。
With the development of worldwide economy, the shipping gets its chance too. People accordingly ask for higher quality of navigation and communication equipments. In last century, almost every port installed VTS and all sea going ships installed Automatic Radar Plotting Aid(APRA). However, Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) and APRA can not recognize the target directly which becomes an increasingly serious problem for us. In that time, Automatic Identification System(AIS) came out of needs.
The installation of AIS promotes effectively and ensures that of avoiding collision between ships, navigation safety, protection of sea environment, and VTS. Considering the importance and necessity of Automatic Identification System(AIS), on the basis of being familiar with AIS, I’ve known its installation and usage, analyzed performance effect of AIS for preventing collisions at sea, studied the application of AIS for preventing collisions at sea, had the concept of marine intelligent communication system and my corresponding suggestions to improve of AIS, and prospected the future of AIS.
船舶自动识别系统的装载对于船舶间的安全避让和航行安全、海上环境保护和船舶交通管理起到了有效的促进和保证作用。考虑到船舶自动识别系统的重要性和必要性,本研究在熟悉船舶自动识别系统的基础上,了解了其安装及使用,分析了船舶自动识别系统对避碰的性能影响,研究了船舶自动识别系统在国际海上避碰的应用,提出了海上智能通信管理系统的概念及相关改进建议,最后对船舶自动识别系统的未来展望。
With the development of worldwide economy, the shipping gets its chance too. People accordingly ask for higher quality of navigation and communication equipments. In last century, almost every port installed VTS and all sea going ships installed Automatic Radar Plotting Aid(APRA). However, Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) and APRA can not recognize the target directly which becomes an increasingly serious problem for us. In that time, Automatic Identification System(AIS) came out of needs.
The installation of AIS promotes effectively and ensures that of avoiding collision between ships, navigation safety, protection of sea environment, and VTS. Considering the importance and necessity of Automatic Identification System(AIS), on the basis of being familiar with AIS, I’ve known its installation and usage, analyzed performance effect of AIS for preventing collisions at sea, studied the application of AIS for preventing collisions at sea, had the concept of marine intelligent communication system and my corresponding suggestions to improve of AIS, and prospected the future of AIS.
引文
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[2]唐信源,邓洪章.中国海事搜救通信发展策略.中国航海,2000. 1:49~53
[3]江帆. AIS的发展及其前景.航海技术,2000. 4
[4]徐志京,许开宇等. AIS中四种协议的应用研究.上海:航海技术,2003. 4:34~37
[5]谷溪,李军.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)研究和应用.南通航运职业技术学院学报,2003. 1
[6]郭梯云,邬国扬等.移动通信.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[7]戚晓丽,王世林. ECDIS,AIS和VTS.世界海运,2002. 4
[8]周懿宗. AIS研究综述.航海技术动态,2001. 5
[9]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其指定.交通标准化,2001. 1
[10]黄建章,殷树林.航行数据记录仪和船舶自动识别系统.船舶,2002. 5
[11]王飞舟,范成梁.自动识别系统性能综合评价.中国航海,2001. 1
[12]张尧.船商公司的AIS基站范例-荷兰INDRIS项目简介.中国航海,2002. 1
[13]王立军,王思思. AIS与ECDIS组合系统在船舶避碰中的应用分析.中国水运,2007
[14]王世远,许开宇. AIS现状、前景及对策.航海技术,2001. 5:2~8
[15]郑道吕,周江华等. AIS的主要功能及其使用技术分析.航海技术,2002. 1
[16]刘清堂,杨宗凯.资源的数字权利保护机制研究.计算机科学,2005. 32(10):80~82
[17]洪德本.航海仪器.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[18]程禄.船舶导航定位系统.北京:北京国防工业出版社,1991
[19]马先山,涂铁昆. AIS在VTS中心应用的探析.航海技术,2004. 5:36~37
[20]谭树清.中国水运通信网的现状、构成及发展.世界电信,1994. 4
[21]肖冰,马燕侠. AIS的发展完善与新技术的应用.世界海运,2004. 1
[22]董书增. AIS在船舶航行中的使用及探讨.中国水运,2007. 6:8~9
[23]高祥安. AIS在航海领域的应用前景.世界海运,2004. 4
[24] ITU-RM.1371
[25] IMO MSC Res.74(69) Annex3
[26] IHO S-57 IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Edition 3.1[S]. International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2000
[27] J.Stone,”Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) Checksum Change”, RFC 3309, 2002
[28] International Maritime Organization. Automatic Identification Ssytem(AIS): report of IMO sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation-45th session. London: IMO,1999
[29] Guidelines on AIS as a VTS tool. IALA asm, 2001
[30] IMO NAV45-1999, Automatic Identification System(AIS)
[31] IEC-61193-2,Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems—Automatic identification systems(AIS).edition 1,2001
[32] The Roral Institute of Navigation. AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM A REPORT BASED ON PRESENTATIONS TO POTENTIAL USERS. October 2001
[33]东昉,徐建红,苏开文.船舶会遇态势的判断.航海技术. 2007, (1): 2~4
[34]胡甚平.船舶会遇过程中避让阶段划分与量化.中国航海. 2001, (2): 83~88
[35]郝请赋,汪浩,王敬全,吴唏.海上智能交通系统体系的构建与实现.中国航海,2001(2): 46~50
[36]应士君,施朝健,杨神化.海上智能交通管理系统的构架研究.中国航海学会2005年度学术交流会论文集专刊,2005,48~50
[2]唐信源,邓洪章.中国海事搜救通信发展策略.中国航海,2000. 1:49~53
[3]江帆. AIS的发展及其前景.航海技术,2000. 4
[4]徐志京,许开宇等. AIS中四种协议的应用研究.上海:航海技术,2003. 4:34~37
[5]谷溪,李军.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)研究和应用.南通航运职业技术学院学报,2003. 1
[6]郭梯云,邬国扬等.移动通信.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[7]戚晓丽,王世林. ECDIS,AIS和VTS.世界海运,2002. 4
[8]周懿宗. AIS研究综述.航海技术动态,2001. 5
[9]杨秉曦.船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其指定.交通标准化,2001. 1
[10]黄建章,殷树林.航行数据记录仪和船舶自动识别系统.船舶,2002. 5
[11]王飞舟,范成梁.自动识别系统性能综合评价.中国航海,2001. 1
[12]张尧.船商公司的AIS基站范例-荷兰INDRIS项目简介.中国航海,2002. 1
[13]王立军,王思思. AIS与ECDIS组合系统在船舶避碰中的应用分析.中国水运,2007
[14]王世远,许开宇. AIS现状、前景及对策.航海技术,2001. 5:2~8
[15]郑道吕,周江华等. AIS的主要功能及其使用技术分析.航海技术,2002. 1
[16]刘清堂,杨宗凯.资源的数字权利保护机制研究.计算机科学,2005. 32(10):80~82
[17]洪德本.航海仪器.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2003
[18]程禄.船舶导航定位系统.北京:北京国防工业出版社,1991
[19]马先山,涂铁昆. AIS在VTS中心应用的探析.航海技术,2004. 5:36~37
[20]谭树清.中国水运通信网的现状、构成及发展.世界电信,1994. 4
[21]肖冰,马燕侠. AIS的发展完善与新技术的应用.世界海运,2004. 1
[22]董书增. AIS在船舶航行中的使用及探讨.中国水运,2007. 6:8~9
[23]高祥安. AIS在航海领域的应用前景.世界海运,2004. 4
[24] ITU-RM.1371
[25] IMO MSC Res.74(69) Annex3
[26] IHO S-57 IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data Edition 3.1[S]. International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO,2000
[27] J.Stone,”Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) Checksum Change”, RFC 3309, 2002
[28] International Maritime Organization. Automatic Identification Ssytem(AIS): report of IMO sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation-45th session. London: IMO,1999
[29] Guidelines on AIS as a VTS tool. IALA asm, 2001
[30] IMO NAV45-1999, Automatic Identification System(AIS)
[31] IEC-61193-2,Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems—Automatic identification systems(AIS).edition 1,2001
[32] The Roral Institute of Navigation. AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM A REPORT BASED ON PRESENTATIONS TO POTENTIAL USERS. October 2001
[33]东昉,徐建红,苏开文.船舶会遇态势的判断.航海技术. 2007, (1): 2~4
[34]胡甚平.船舶会遇过程中避让阶段划分与量化.中国航海. 2001, (2): 83~88
[35]郝请赋,汪浩,王敬全,吴唏.海上智能交通系统体系的构建与实现.中国航海,2001(2): 46~50
[36]应士君,施朝健,杨神化.海上智能交通管理系统的构架研究.中国航海学会2005年度学术交流会论文集专刊,2005,48~50