网络化、多功能核数据获取和处理系统
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摘要
核数据获取和处理系统是核物理、高能物理、原子分子物理和核技术应用等实验研究中的重要工具。近年来，随着上述各领域研究工作广泛而深入的开展，原有的以CAMAC系统和大中型计算机为基础组成核数据获取系统的方法，已难于满足新实验的需求和当今计算机技术发展的实际，为此本论文另辟蹊径，转而以目前新型的单片微机、CPLD器件和PC微机为基础发展了一种网络化、多功能核数据获取和处理系统，取得了满意的结果。
本论文以PC微机和智能化NIM系统为中心组成一个独立的子系统，完成某一类物理量在多个数据点的多参数实时采集和集中调控，继而研究和解决了将子系统中的PC微机互联，组成一个网络，实现大范围、多种类和大数据量实验数据的实时采集、处理、PC微机间的高速互传和设备调控，使这种网络化多功能系统满足了原子分子物理实验研究的新要求。这种由智能NIM插件、单片微机和PC微机组成的网络化核数据获取系统，功能不亚于以CAMAC和大中型计算机组成的系统，同时价格低廉，充分发挥和利用了现有NIM系统的潜在功能和各实验室已有的设备资源。
为将前几届研究生完成的束流靶点实时监测和调控等子系统联入本网，本论文研究和解决了他们联网必须的硬软件问题。此外，为满足新实验研究需求，本论文还专门研究和完成了加速器磁分析器磁场的智能化监测子系统，使集成后的本网络化系统，功能更加完善，更好地满足了原子分子物理国家自然科学基金课题的研究需求。
磁共振现象的发现为核磁矩测定和核结构研究提供了又一种精确的方
四川大学硕士论文
法，并迅速成为物理学、化学、生物学研究中的一项重要实验技术和许多其
他学科的重要研究工具．利用核磁共振测量磁场强度的方法由于具有独到的
特点和极高的精度，在加速器磁场强度的测量中，得到了广泛的应用，但一
般仪器的智能化程度大都偏低，人为测判因素的加入大大影响了方法特性的
发挥．为此，本论文根据静电加速器对磁场测量的特殊要求一即测量范围
广、实时性好、抗干扰能力强等特点，专门研制了一种用单片微机和PC微
机组成的智能化核磁共振（NMR）测磁子系统，并对影响检测灵敏度的诸因
素进行了仔细的实验研究和分析，采取相应措施，提高了检测的灵敏度，取
得了更好的效果，进一步完善了整个网络化数据获取和处理系统的功能．
Nuclear Data Acquisition and Processing System ( NDAAPS ) is an important tool in many fields of research, such as Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics, Atom-molecule Physics and The Application of Nuclear Technology. In recent years, as the result of the rapid development of the research in those fields, the traditional mode of Nuclear Data Acquisition and Processing System consisted of CAMAC system plus middle and giant computers was no longer in full fit for the requirements of the new experiments and the new state of computer technology. Scientists are seeking some way to overcome those problems. Based on the single chip microcomputers, CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Device) and PC computers, we have taken a particular way to build up a multi-function nuclear data acquisition and processing system with the features of networknization. This system has been putting into operation satisfactorily.
Our new system was consisted of many independent subsystems which was composed by a PC computer and intellectualized NIM modules. Every subsystem was built in real time mode to acquire, monitor and control a certain kinds of physical data and apparatus at different experimental places. Then, we successfully linked all the PC computers in every subsystem to form a special local area network (SLAN). Through this SLAN, it is easy to get and process large amount of different kinds of nuclear data with large numerical values in a large area and to transmit those digital messages quickly among the PCS, which promoted and made this system fit for the new requirements in the research of atom-molecule physics. This kind of nuclear data acquisition and processing system composed by intellectualized NIM modules, single chip microcomputers and PC computers is cost cheaply and reached the ability of data acquisition and processing which ever gained by the system consisted of CAMAC system and
middle or giant computers. It provides the ordinary laboratories with a simple and economical way to build their own NDAAPS through exploiting the potential ability of NIM system and other existing equipment.
In order to make the functions of our new NDAAPS as perfect as possible to meet the new requirements in the experiments of Atom-molecule Physics, we have done two more works. First, we chose the hardware of networking and developed our own programs to link into the SLAN the subsystems which were built by the MS students in the past few years and titled as, for example, "real time monitoring and control system for the accelerator beam bombarding point on target" and so on. Second, we studied and built up a new NMR subsystem for the measurement and control of the magnetic field of the magnetic analyzer of Van de Graff accelerator to fit the new requirements in the experiments requiring different kinds of heavy cluster ions. Through all of those efforts, we have made our system much more useful and better to fit the requirements of atom-molecule physics researches supported by The China National Science Foundation.
The discovery of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) phenomenon raised a new precise method for the study and measurement of nuclear structure and nuclear momentum. NMR has been used as an important experiment technology as well as a research tool in physics, chemistry, biology and many other fields. Since the unique and precise feature owned by the method of NMR in the measurement of magnetic field, it has been widely used in the measurement of the magnetic field in the accelerators. On account of the poor automation and the requirement for human adjustment in many NMR instruments, which have been seriously affected the precision of NMR method, we have developed an intelligent subsystem of NMR magnetic field measurement with some special features, such as wide ranges of measurement of magnetic fields, best real time feature and excellent ability of anti-interference. This subsystem was consisted of single chip
microcomputers and a PC computer. And the main factors affected the sensitivity in the NMR measurement were studie
本论文以PC微机和智能化NIM系统为中心组成一个独立的子系统，完成某一类物理量在多个数据点的多参数实时采集和集中调控，继而研究和解决了将子系统中的PC微机互联，组成一个网络，实现大范围、多种类和大数据量实验数据的实时采集、处理、PC微机间的高速互传和设备调控，使这种网络化多功能系统满足了原子分子物理实验研究的新要求。这种由智能NIM插件、单片微机和PC微机组成的网络化核数据获取系统，功能不亚于以CAMAC和大中型计算机组成的系统，同时价格低廉，充分发挥和利用了现有NIM系统的潜在功能和各实验室已有的设备资源。
为将前几届研究生完成的束流靶点实时监测和调控等子系统联入本网，本论文研究和解决了他们联网必须的硬软件问题。此外，为满足新实验研究需求，本论文还专门研究和完成了加速器磁分析器磁场的智能化监测子系统，使集成后的本网络化系统，功能更加完善，更好地满足了原子分子物理国家自然科学基金课题的研究需求。
磁共振现象的发现为核磁矩测定和核结构研究提供了又一种精确的方
四川大学硕士论文
法，并迅速成为物理学、化学、生物学研究中的一项重要实验技术和许多其
他学科的重要研究工具．利用核磁共振测量磁场强度的方法由于具有独到的
特点和极高的精度，在加速器磁场强度的测量中，得到了广泛的应用，但一
般仪器的智能化程度大都偏低，人为测判因素的加入大大影响了方法特性的
发挥．为此，本论文根据静电加速器对磁场测量的特殊要求一即测量范围
广、实时性好、抗干扰能力强等特点，专门研制了一种用单片微机和PC微
机组成的智能化核磁共振（NMR）测磁子系统，并对影响检测灵敏度的诸因
素进行了仔细的实验研究和分析，采取相应措施，提高了检测的灵敏度，取
得了更好的效果，进一步完善了整个网络化数据获取和处理系统的功能．
Nuclear Data Acquisition and Processing System ( NDAAPS ) is an important tool in many fields of research, such as Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics, Atom-molecule Physics and The Application of Nuclear Technology. In recent years, as the result of the rapid development of the research in those fields, the traditional mode of Nuclear Data Acquisition and Processing System consisted of CAMAC system plus middle and giant computers was no longer in full fit for the requirements of the new experiments and the new state of computer technology. Scientists are seeking some way to overcome those problems. Based on the single chip microcomputers, CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Device) and PC computers, we have taken a particular way to build up a multi-function nuclear data acquisition and processing system with the features of networknization. This system has been putting into operation satisfactorily.
Our new system was consisted of many independent subsystems which was composed by a PC computer and intellectualized NIM modules. Every subsystem was built in real time mode to acquire, monitor and control a certain kinds of physical data and apparatus at different experimental places. Then, we successfully linked all the PC computers in every subsystem to form a special local area network (SLAN). Through this SLAN, it is easy to get and process large amount of different kinds of nuclear data with large numerical values in a large area and to transmit those digital messages quickly among the PCS, which promoted and made this system fit for the new requirements in the research of atom-molecule physics. This kind of nuclear data acquisition and processing system composed by intellectualized NIM modules, single chip microcomputers and PC computers is cost cheaply and reached the ability of data acquisition and processing which ever gained by the system consisted of CAMAC system and
middle or giant computers. It provides the ordinary laboratories with a simple and economical way to build their own NDAAPS through exploiting the potential ability of NIM system and other existing equipment.
In order to make the functions of our new NDAAPS as perfect as possible to meet the new requirements in the experiments of Atom-molecule Physics, we have done two more works. First, we chose the hardware of networking and developed our own programs to link into the SLAN the subsystems which were built by the MS students in the past few years and titled as, for example, "real time monitoring and control system for the accelerator beam bombarding point on target" and so on. Second, we studied and built up a new NMR subsystem for the measurement and control of the magnetic field of the magnetic analyzer of Van de Graff accelerator to fit the new requirements in the experiments requiring different kinds of heavy cluster ions. Through all of those efforts, we have made our system much more useful and better to fit the requirements of atom-molecule physics researches supported by The China National Science Foundation.
The discovery of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) phenomenon raised a new precise method for the study and measurement of nuclear structure and nuclear momentum. NMR has been used as an important experiment technology as well as a research tool in physics, chemistry, biology and many other fields. Since the unique and precise feature owned by the method of NMR in the measurement of magnetic field, it has been widely used in the measurement of the magnetic field in the accelerators. On account of the poor automation and the requirement for human adjustment in many NMR instruments, which have been seriously affected the precision of NMR method, we have developed an intelligent subsystem of NMR magnetic field measurement with some special features, such as wide ranges of measurement of magnetic fields, best real time feature and excellent ability of anti-interference. This subsystem was consisted of single chip
microcomputers and a PC computer. And the main factors affected the sensitivity in the NMR measurement were studie
引文
1 [日]宫泽 辰雄 荒田 洋治．核磁共振实验新技术及其应用．北京：科学工业出版社，1991
2 李国栋．当代磁学．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1999
3 吴剑峰，吴世英．影响NMR检测灵敏度几种因素的研究．四川大学学报，Vol．39 No．3 2002
4 许祖润等．用单片微机和PC微机组成高速大数据量核数据获取和控制系统的方法．核电子学与探测技术，1998
5 许祖润等．基于NIM系统的分布式原子分子碰撞数据获取系统．第八届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集，1996
6 缪竞威等．荷能离子团簇与介质的相互作用．青岛大学学报，Vol．10 No．2 1997
7 蒋增学等．一种高分辨多功能原子碰撞装置．原子分子物理学报，1986
8 蒋增学等．原子碰撞装置的研制及应用．原子核物理，Vol．9 No．3 1987
9 蒋增学等．高分辨率静电分析器．核技术，1987
10 Miao Jingwei et al., Internuclear Separation from Foil Breakup of Fast H_2~+H_3~+D_2~+D_3~+ Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, 1986
11 Verma J K. measurements of magnetic field, Nucl. Instr. Methods, 1972
12 杨百方，师勉恭等．用卢瑟福散射法测量超薄碳膜厚度．核仪器与方法，Vol．4，1984．2
13 缪竞威等．1.7 MeV H_2~+在碳膜中的库仑爆炸．四川大学学报，1985
14 胡自强，许祖润，吴世英等．高分辨原子分子碰撞中束流靶点的自动监控．原子与分子学报，Vol．15，1998
15 陈延涛．双参数多道数据获取系统的研究．四川大学硕士论文，2000
16 宋万杰．CPLD技术及其应用[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
17 吴世英，王营冠，许祖润．NIM多道分析器与主控微机远程互联的方法及其实现．四川大学学报，1998．4
18 吴世英，王营冠，姚养森等．分布式原子分子碰撞数据获得和处理系统．原子与分子物理学报，Vol．15，1998
19 李国栋．核磁共振发现50周年．物理．1995．12(24)
20 王金山．核磁共振在测量磁场中的应用．物理．1982．11(9)
21 李大明．磁场的测量．北京：机械工业出版社，1993
22 E.M.Purcell et al., Phys.Rev., 69(1946), 37
23 R. Kitamaru, NMR :Principle and Theory, 1990
24 A.C. Melission, Experiments in modern physics
25 吴詠华．大学近代物理实验．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1992
26 张孔时，丁慎训．物理实验教程(近代物理实验部分)．北京：清华大学出版社，1991
27 冯蕴深．磁共振原理．北京：高等教育出版社，1992
28 王金山．核磁共振波谱仪及实验技术．北京：机械工业出版社
29 J. Valk et al., Basic Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1985.1
30 王经瑾，范天明，钱永庚．核电子学(下册)．北京：原子能出版社，1985
31 金磐石，王永明．Intel 96系列单片微型机应用详解．北京：电子工业出版社，1992
32 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995，P147
33 MAXIM 2000 NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK Volume IX
34 王芝英等．核电子技术原理．北京：原子能出版社
35 张宝裕，刘恒基．磁场的产生．北京：机械工业出版社，1987
36 钱金山．计算机串行通信综述，电讯技术．Vol．37 No．1
37 秦青．RS-232应用技巧与实例．海洋出版社，1992
38 赵旭初．数据通信与连网技术．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1998
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43 David J. Kruglinski, Scot Wingo. Programming Visual C++. Microsoft Press,1999
44 Jeffrey Richter. Advanced Windows, 3d Ed. Microsoft Press, 1999
45 洪锡军等．Windows 9x下串行通信技术探讨．计算机工程，Vol 27 No．1 2001
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47 Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks(Third Edition). 北京：清华大学出版社，2000
48 Michael Palmer. A Guide to Designing and Implementing Local and Wide Area Networks
49 罗惠琼，杨压玲，杨国渝．通信与网络技术及编程．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000 P70
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51 颜翠英，杨世英．利用Active Server Page开发Web的应用．河北工业科技．Vol．16 No．4 1999
52 元晋豫．用ASP进行浏览器/服务器模式的Web数据库开发．电脑技术信息．No．10 1999
53 刘军．基于ASP的Web数据库交互访问技术．武汉工业大学学报，Vol．22 No．4 2000
54 解亚萍．ASP中数据库的连接．兰州工业高等专科学校，Vol．7 No．1 2000
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56 郑成增等．基于Web的数据库技术研究．电脑技术信息，2000．3
57 李刚，王茜．基于Web访问数据库的实现方案．计算机工程与应用 2000．2
58 吴剑峰，林道发．JPEG图象压缩方法研究及应用．计算机应用研究，1998．5
2 李国栋．当代磁学．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1999
3 吴剑峰，吴世英．影响NMR检测灵敏度几种因素的研究．四川大学学报，Vol．39 No．3 2002
4 许祖润等．用单片微机和PC微机组成高速大数据量核数据获取和控制系统的方法．核电子学与探测技术，1998
5 许祖润等．基于NIM系统的分布式原子分子碰撞数据获取系统．第八届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会论文集，1996
6 缪竞威等．荷能离子团簇与介质的相互作用．青岛大学学报，Vol．10 No．2 1997
7 蒋增学等．一种高分辨多功能原子碰撞装置．原子分子物理学报，1986
8 蒋增学等．原子碰撞装置的研制及应用．原子核物理，Vol．9 No．3 1987
9 蒋增学等．高分辨率静电分析器．核技术，1987
10 Miao Jingwei et al., Internuclear Separation from Foil Breakup of Fast H_2~+H_3~+D_2~+D_3~+ Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, 1986
11 Verma J K. measurements of magnetic field, Nucl. Instr. Methods, 1972
12 杨百方，师勉恭等．用卢瑟福散射法测量超薄碳膜厚度．核仪器与方法，Vol．4，1984．2
13 缪竞威等．1.7 MeV H_2~+在碳膜中的库仑爆炸．四川大学学报，1985
14 胡自强，许祖润，吴世英等．高分辨原子分子碰撞中束流靶点的自动监控．原子与分子学报，Vol．15，1998
15 陈延涛．双参数多道数据获取系统的研究．四川大学硕士论文，2000
16 宋万杰．CPLD技术及其应用[M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
17 吴世英，王营冠，许祖润．NIM多道分析器与主控微机远程互联的方法及其实现．四川大学学报，1998．4
18 吴世英，王营冠，姚养森等．分布式原子分子碰撞数据获得和处理系统．原子与分子物理学报，Vol．15，1998
19 李国栋．核磁共振发现50周年．物理．1995．12(24)
20 王金山．核磁共振在测量磁场中的应用．物理．1982．11(9)
21 李大明．磁场的测量．北京：机械工业出版社，1993
22 E.M.Purcell et al., Phys.Rev., 69(1946), 37
23 R. Kitamaru, NMR :Principle and Theory, 1990
24 A.C. Melission, Experiments in modern physics
25 吴詠华．大学近代物理实验．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1992
26 张孔时，丁慎训．物理实验教程(近代物理实验部分)．北京：清华大学出版社，1991
27 冯蕴深．磁共振原理．北京：高等教育出版社，1992
28 王金山．核磁共振波谱仪及实验技术．北京：机械工业出版社
29 J. Valk et al., Basic Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 1985.1
30 王经瑾，范天明，钱永庚．核电子学(下册)．北京：原子能出版社，1985
31 金磐石，王永明．Intel 96系列单片微型机应用详解．北京：电子工业出版社，1992
32 孙涵芳．Intel 16位单片机．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995，P147
33 MAXIM 2000 NEW RELEASES DATA BOOK Volume IX
34 王芝英等．核电子技术原理．北京：原子能出版社
35 张宝裕，刘恒基．磁场的产生．北京：机械工业出版社，1987
36 钱金山．计算机串行通信综述，电讯技术．Vol．37 No．1
37 秦青．RS-232应用技巧与实例．海洋出版社，1992
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