棉花加工智能化关键技术研究
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摘要
棉花是关系到国际民生的重要战略物资,棉花加工同样也与人们的日常生活有着密切的联系,是国民经济的重要组成部分。尽管我国的棉花加工业有着很长的历史,加工技术在近些年有了很大的改进和提高,但与国外先进的棉花加工技术相比仍然存在一定的差距。棉花加工技术的落后,将直接导致我国的棉产品在激烈的国际竞争中处于劣势地位。因此,改进和发展我国棉花加工工业具有重要的意义。
为保证棉花加工的高效、优质、低耗,针对不同性状的棉花加工,必须对相应的棉花加工工艺、成套设备运行参数等做出适应性调整,以实现棉花加工的精细化、智能化。本文通过对比分析国内外棉花加工业发展现状,找出了国内棉花加工行业存在的问题和不足,提出了实现棉花精细、智能化加工的总体方案。并对棉花加工相关的关键技术进行了详细分析和研究。
棉花加工不同于其它,较为复杂,影响因素很多,加工控制系统属于非线性、多变量耦合系统,因此无法建立系统精确的数学模型,采用传统的控制理论和控制方法很难实现有效的控制。本研究将模糊控制技术引入到棉花加工过程,采用模糊推理的方法实现了棉花加工过程的智能自适应控制,完成了籽棉烘干模糊推理系统、籽棉轧花模糊推理系统和皮棉加湿模糊推理系统的设计,并进行了系统有效性仿真,试验结果表明,设计的模糊推理系统是有效可行的。
本课题还针对传统籽棉清理机的缺陷,设计了刺钉滚筒与格条栅之间的距离进行实时调节的智能型数控籽棉清理机,改善籽棉清理机加工中易出现堵棉等情况,根据实际的生产情况,自动调节间距,提高棉花加工效率,从而提高皮棉质量。
Cotton is an important strategic resource related to the national economic and the livelihood of people. The cotton processing is also an important component of national economy, has a close relationship with daily life of people. Although the cotton processing industry of our country has a long history and the processing technology has improved and enhanced a lot in recent years, it still existes a big gap compared with the overseas advanced cotton processing technology. The lag of processing technology results in the cotton product of our country being at a disadvantage in the fierce international competition. So it is very significant to improve and develop the cotton processing industry of our country.
To ensure the high efficient, high quality and low consumption of cotton processing, according to different characters of cotton processing, it must make adaptability adjustment for corresponding cotton processing process and operation parameters of complete equipment in order to realize the refinement and intelligence of cotton processing. Through the comparative analysis of current situation of cotton processing industry at home and abroad, and find out the shortage and problem of domestic cotton processing industry, then puts forward the total project of the refinement and intelligent processing. Then it analysises and studies on the related key technologies of cotton processing.
The cotton processing influenced by many factors, is different from other product processing, which belongs to nonlinear and multivariable coupling system. The accurate mathematical model of the system is incapable to establish, so it is difficult to achieve the effective control with traditional control theory and method. The fuzzy logic control technology is introduced in the cotton processing. The fuzzy reasoning is adopted to achieve the intelligent and adaptive control in the cotton processing with fuzzy inference method. Then the seed cotton drying fuzzy reasoning system、the seed cotton ginning fuzzy reasoning system and the lint wetting fuzzy reasoning system were designed, and the validity simulations of the three systems were done, the result of the tests indicates that the design of the three systems is efficient and effective.
Recording to the defects of traditional cleaning machine, it designs the intelligent CNC seed cotton processing machine whose distance between barbed nail roller and grid can be real-time adjusted. And it improves cotton blocking during processing and so on. And according to the real production, it can automatically adjust the distance; improve the efficiency of cotton processing and the quality of lint.
为保证棉花加工的高效、优质、低耗,针对不同性状的棉花加工,必须对相应的棉花加工工艺、成套设备运行参数等做出适应性调整,以实现棉花加工的精细化、智能化。本文通过对比分析国内外棉花加工业发展现状,找出了国内棉花加工行业存在的问题和不足,提出了实现棉花精细、智能化加工的总体方案。并对棉花加工相关的关键技术进行了详细分析和研究。
棉花加工不同于其它,较为复杂,影响因素很多,加工控制系统属于非线性、多变量耦合系统,因此无法建立系统精确的数学模型,采用传统的控制理论和控制方法很难实现有效的控制。本研究将模糊控制技术引入到棉花加工过程,采用模糊推理的方法实现了棉花加工过程的智能自适应控制,完成了籽棉烘干模糊推理系统、籽棉轧花模糊推理系统和皮棉加湿模糊推理系统的设计,并进行了系统有效性仿真,试验结果表明,设计的模糊推理系统是有效可行的。
本课题还针对传统籽棉清理机的缺陷,设计了刺钉滚筒与格条栅之间的距离进行实时调节的智能型数控籽棉清理机,改善籽棉清理机加工中易出现堵棉等情况,根据实际的生产情况,自动调节间距,提高棉花加工效率,从而提高皮棉质量。
Cotton is an important strategic resource related to the national economic and the livelihood of people. The cotton processing is also an important component of national economy, has a close relationship with daily life of people. Although the cotton processing industry of our country has a long history and the processing technology has improved and enhanced a lot in recent years, it still existes a big gap compared with the overseas advanced cotton processing technology. The lag of processing technology results in the cotton product of our country being at a disadvantage in the fierce international competition. So it is very significant to improve and develop the cotton processing industry of our country.
To ensure the high efficient, high quality and low consumption of cotton processing, according to different characters of cotton processing, it must make adaptability adjustment for corresponding cotton processing process and operation parameters of complete equipment in order to realize the refinement and intelligence of cotton processing. Through the comparative analysis of current situation of cotton processing industry at home and abroad, and find out the shortage and problem of domestic cotton processing industry, then puts forward the total project of the refinement and intelligent processing. Then it analysises and studies on the related key technologies of cotton processing.
The cotton processing influenced by many factors, is different from other product processing, which belongs to nonlinear and multivariable coupling system. The accurate mathematical model of the system is incapable to establish, so it is difficult to achieve the effective control with traditional control theory and method. The fuzzy logic control technology is introduced in the cotton processing. The fuzzy reasoning is adopted to achieve the intelligent and adaptive control in the cotton processing with fuzzy inference method. Then the seed cotton drying fuzzy reasoning system、the seed cotton ginning fuzzy reasoning system and the lint wetting fuzzy reasoning system were designed, and the validity simulations of the three systems were done, the result of the tests indicates that the design of the three systems is efficient and effective.
Recording to the defects of traditional cleaning machine, it designs the intelligent CNC seed cotton processing machine whose distance between barbed nail roller and grid can be real-time adjusted. And it improves cotton blocking during processing and so on. And according to the real production, it can automatically adjust the distance; improve the efficiency of cotton processing and the quality of lint.
引文
[1]毛树春.中国棉花生产景气报告2006.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[2]张永梅,徐红.中美棉花加工业的现状《棉花质量检验体制改革方案》浅谈.新疆纺织,2006(2):6-8
[3]郭俊.国内外轧花设备差异分析.中国棉花加工,2004(3):14-15
[4]砝码.透视中国棉花加工工业.中国棉花加工,2003(6):6-7
[5]远近.“信息工业化”时代的棉花加工工业.中国棉花加工,2003(5):13-14
[6]冯显英.棉花加工成套设备智能化技术研究报告。中美棉花加工技术国际学术交流会论文,中国,济南.2008,6.
[7]李华军.轧花系统的自动控制.中国棉花加工,2006(6):15
[8]吴育华.加强籽棉烘干过程中的自动控制.中国棉花加工,2005(4):15-16
[9]张海远.皮棉加湿成套设备应用带来的可观的经济效益.中国棉花加工,2000(3):19-20
[10]杜中敬,屈怡.变频器在轧花厂吸棉风机中的应用探讨.中国棉花加工,2005(5):18-19
[11]姚锡禄.变频器控制技术与应用[M].福建科学技术出版社,2005
[12]P.J.King,E.H.Mamdani.The application of Fuzzy Control Systems to Industrial Process.Automat.1977,13(3):235-242
[13]H.R.van Nauta Lemke,W.J.M.Kickert.The Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to Control a Warm Water Process.1976,17:8-18
[14]R.M.Tong.Some Problem with the Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Controllers,Internal Report CUED/F.CAMS/TR127,Engineering Dept.,Cambridge Univ,1976
[15]K.Tanaka,T.Kosaki.Dasign of a stable fuzzy controller for an articulated vehicle.IEEE Trans.Syst,Man,Cybern.,1997,27:552-558
[16]X.J.Ma,Z.Q.Sun,Y.Y.He.Analysis and design of fuzzy controller and fuzzy observer.IEEE Trans.Fuzzy Syst,1998,6:41-51
[17]H.O.Wang,K.Tanaka,M.F.Griffin..An approach to fuzzy control of nonlinear system:Stability and design issues.IEEE Trans.Fuzzy Syst,1996,4:14-23
[18]徐晓妮.基于模糊控制的棉花加工计算机控制系统[硕士论文].济南大学,2006
[19]C.C.Lee.Fuzzy logic in control systems:Fuzzy logic control,Part Ⅰ.IEEE Trans.Syst.,Man,Cyber.,1990,20(2):404-418
[20]R.M.Tong.Synthesis of Fuzzy Models for Industrial Process.Int.Gen.Syst.1978,4:143-162
[21]闻新,周露等编著.MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱的分析与应用[M].科学出版社,2001
[22]王少林,茅忠明,伍贻文.棉花加工自动控制系统的设计.农业机械学报,2002(1):54-56
[23]李兰忖.轧花机变参数PID智能喂料控制系统设计.自动化仪表,2007(3):49-51
[24]颜世钢,张承慧.籽棉物流变频调速Fuzzy-PID控制系统.电气自动化,1999(3).15-18
[25]Zafer Bingul,George E.Cook,Alvin M.Strauss,etal.Application of Fuzzy Logic to Spatial Thermal Control in Fusion Welding.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTR APPLICATIONS,2000,36(6):1523-1530
[26]山东天鹅棉业机械股份有限公司.棉花加工新工艺与成套设备培训教材.2004:138-139
[27]G.A.J.M.Van Ditzhuijzen."The controlled cooling of hot rolled strip:A combination of physical modeling,control problems and practical adaptation,"IEEE Trans.Automat.Contr,1993,38:1060-1065
[28]R.W.Moffat.Computer control of hot strip coiling temperature with variable flow laminar spray.ASIN Yearbook,1985:474-481
[29]安鹏洲.模糊控制技术在发电厂给水自动控制系统中的应用.发电设备,2002(4):56-57
[30]张国良,曾静等编著.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,2002
[31]魏巍.MATLAB控制工具箱技术手册[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[32]D.Caputo.Control the Flow and You Control the Speed.Hydraulics &Pneumatics.2000.6
[33]易继锴,侯媛彬等编著.智能控制技术[M].北京工业大学出版社,1999
[34]Guerra T M,Vermeriren L.Control law for takagi-sugeno fuzzy mod- els.Fuzzy Sets and System.2001,12(1):95-108
[35]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社,1999
[36]韩颖.阀控马达速度伺服系统的数字控制研究[硕士论文].北京交通大学.2004
[37]张桂红.单片机原理与应用.福建科学技术出版社.2007.
[38]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第二版).电子工业出版社,2004
[39]罗传翼,程桂芬等编著.信号、系统与自动控制原理[M].机械工业出版社,2000
[40]王茂亭.棉花加工工艺中配备烘干设备势在必行.中国棉花加工,2005(1):28-29
[41]史书伟.籽棉烘干机设备使用情况分析及改进措施.中国棉花加工,2005(1):25-26
[42]Bouslama F.Fuzzy control roles and their natural control laws.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1992,48:65-66
[43]韩振玉,影响轧花产量和质量因素浅谈.新疆农机化,2004(1):48-49
[44]陶永华,尹怡欣等编著.新型PID控制及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,1998
[45]沈西蕊,王战朝,胡全义.模糊PID自适应控制器的应用设计.现代制造技术与装备,2006(6):13-16
[46]T.Takagi,M.Sugeno.Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control.IEEE Trans.Sys,Man,Cybem,1985,15:116-132
[47]叶润玉.一种自适应PID控制器的设计及应用.福建工程学院学报,2006(12):818-821
[48]蒋海波,崔新艺等.无刷直流电机模糊控制系统的建模与仿真.西安交通大学学报,2005(10):1116-1120
[49]郑文纬,吴克坚.机械原理(第七版).高等教育出版社.1997年7月.
[50]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册第1卷.机械工业出版社.2004年8月
[51]邓星钟.机电传动控制(第三版).华中科技大学出版社.2001.3.
[52]赵松年,张奇鹤.机电一体化机械系统设计.机械工业出版社.1996年.
[2]张永梅,徐红.中美棉花加工业的现状《棉花质量检验体制改革方案》浅谈.新疆纺织,2006(2):6-8
[3]郭俊.国内外轧花设备差异分析.中国棉花加工,2004(3):14-15
[4]砝码.透视中国棉花加工工业.中国棉花加工,2003(6):6-7
[5]远近.“信息工业化”时代的棉花加工工业.中国棉花加工,2003(5):13-14
[6]冯显英.棉花加工成套设备智能化技术研究报告。中美棉花加工技术国际学术交流会论文,中国,济南.2008,6.
[7]李华军.轧花系统的自动控制.中国棉花加工,2006(6):15
[8]吴育华.加强籽棉烘干过程中的自动控制.中国棉花加工,2005(4):15-16
[9]张海远.皮棉加湿成套设备应用带来的可观的经济效益.中国棉花加工,2000(3):19-20
[10]杜中敬,屈怡.变频器在轧花厂吸棉风机中的应用探讨.中国棉花加工,2005(5):18-19
[11]姚锡禄.变频器控制技术与应用[M].福建科学技术出版社,2005
[12]P.J.King,E.H.Mamdani.The application of Fuzzy Control Systems to Industrial Process.Automat.1977,13(3):235-242
[13]H.R.van Nauta Lemke,W.J.M.Kickert.The Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to Control a Warm Water Process.1976,17:8-18
[14]R.M.Tong.Some Problem with the Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Controllers,Internal Report CUED/F.CAMS/TR127,Engineering Dept.,Cambridge Univ,1976
[15]K.Tanaka,T.Kosaki.Dasign of a stable fuzzy controller for an articulated vehicle.IEEE Trans.Syst,Man,Cybern.,1997,27:552-558
[16]X.J.Ma,Z.Q.Sun,Y.Y.He.Analysis and design of fuzzy controller and fuzzy observer.IEEE Trans.Fuzzy Syst,1998,6:41-51
[17]H.O.Wang,K.Tanaka,M.F.Griffin..An approach to fuzzy control of nonlinear system:Stability and design issues.IEEE Trans.Fuzzy Syst,1996,4:14-23
[18]徐晓妮.基于模糊控制的棉花加工计算机控制系统[硕士论文].济南大学,2006
[19]C.C.Lee.Fuzzy logic in control systems:Fuzzy logic control,Part Ⅰ.IEEE Trans.Syst.,Man,Cyber.,1990,20(2):404-418
[20]R.M.Tong.Synthesis of Fuzzy Models for Industrial Process.Int.Gen.Syst.1978,4:143-162
[21]闻新,周露等编著.MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱的分析与应用[M].科学出版社,2001
[22]王少林,茅忠明,伍贻文.棉花加工自动控制系统的设计.农业机械学报,2002(1):54-56
[23]李兰忖.轧花机变参数PID智能喂料控制系统设计.自动化仪表,2007(3):49-51
[24]颜世钢,张承慧.籽棉物流变频调速Fuzzy-PID控制系统.电气自动化,1999(3).15-18
[25]Zafer Bingul,George E.Cook,Alvin M.Strauss,etal.Application of Fuzzy Logic to Spatial Thermal Control in Fusion Welding.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTR APPLICATIONS,2000,36(6):1523-1530
[26]山东天鹅棉业机械股份有限公司.棉花加工新工艺与成套设备培训教材.2004:138-139
[27]G.A.J.M.Van Ditzhuijzen."The controlled cooling of hot rolled strip:A combination of physical modeling,control problems and practical adaptation,"IEEE Trans.Automat.Contr,1993,38:1060-1065
[28]R.W.Moffat.Computer control of hot strip coiling temperature with variable flow laminar spray.ASIN Yearbook,1985:474-481
[29]安鹏洲.模糊控制技术在发电厂给水自动控制系统中的应用.发电设备,2002(4):56-57
[30]张国良,曾静等编著.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安交通大学出版社,2002
[31]魏巍.MATLAB控制工具箱技术手册[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[32]D.Caputo.Control the Flow and You Control the Speed.Hydraulics &Pneumatics.2000.6
[33]易继锴,侯媛彬等编著.智能控制技术[M].北京工业大学出版社,1999
[34]Guerra T M,Vermeriren L.Control law for takagi-sugeno fuzzy mod- els.Fuzzy Sets and System.2001,12(1):95-108
[35]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用[M].机械工业出版社,1999
[36]韩颖.阀控马达速度伺服系统的数字控制研究[硕士论文].北京交通大学.2004
[37]张桂红.单片机原理与应用.福建科学技术出版社.2007.
[38]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真(第二版).电子工业出版社,2004
[39]罗传翼,程桂芬等编著.信号、系统与自动控制原理[M].机械工业出版社,2000
[40]王茂亭.棉花加工工艺中配备烘干设备势在必行.中国棉花加工,2005(1):28-29
[41]史书伟.籽棉烘干机设备使用情况分析及改进措施.中国棉花加工,2005(1):25-26
[42]Bouslama F.Fuzzy control roles and their natural control laws.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1992,48:65-66
[43]韩振玉,影响轧花产量和质量因素浅谈.新疆农机化,2004(1):48-49
[44]陶永华,尹怡欣等编著.新型PID控制及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,1998
[45]沈西蕊,王战朝,胡全义.模糊PID自适应控制器的应用设计.现代制造技术与装备,2006(6):13-16
[46]T.Takagi,M.Sugeno.Fuzzy identification of systems and its application to modeling and control.IEEE Trans.Sys,Man,Cybem,1985,15:116-132
[47]叶润玉.一种自适应PID控制器的设计及应用.福建工程学院学报,2006(12):818-821
[48]蒋海波,崔新艺等.无刷直流电机模糊控制系统的建模与仿真.西安交通大学学报,2005(10):1116-1120
[49]郑文纬,吴克坚.机械原理(第七版).高等教育出版社.1997年7月.
[50]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册第1卷.机械工业出版社.2004年8月
[51]邓星钟.机电传动控制(第三版).华中科技大学出版社.2001.3.
[52]赵松年,张奇鹤.机电一体化机械系统设计.机械工业出版社.1996年.