基于SDH的时间传递方法研究
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摘要
提高通信网络运营质量和运营效率,发展一些新的通信业务,以及运营商之间的网间结算,都需要统一的时间。为了解决电信网自身对时间同步的需要,同时寻求一种可与全球定位系统(GPS)授时精度相当的授时新方法,满足其他行业统一时间的需要,本论文开展基于SDH网络的时间传递方法研究。
利用SDH网络组建全国的时间同步网,需要研究SDH网络传递路径的时延和时延误差。论文采用理论分析、工程测量和仿真研究相结合的方法,提出了一种适合SDH网络结构特点的时间传递方法——环回采样法,该方法很好地解决了SDH环形网络双向信号传递路径不对称问题,大大提高了时间传送的精度。该方法适用范围广,可以在任意结构的SDH网络和网元中使用。
论文对SDH单节点网元的处理时延进行了仿真,并与工程测量结果进行了对比,获得了一致的结果。
论文基于提出的环回采样法,对SDH单节点网元发送部分和接收部分的不对称处理时延进行了理论分析和仿真测量。在此基础上,对8000公里长,经过81个SDH网元传递的时间精度做出了预测,获得了1纳秒以内的精度。
论文还设计了实现环回采样时间传递的具体方案,设计了需要增加的硬件电路和软件流程。论文设计的时间同步网,综合考虑了已有的SDH频率同步网,将频率同步网和时间同步网统一在一起,较好的解决了各种通信网的时间同步,同时还可以为其他行业提供所需的时间同步信号。
Unified time is need when improving the quality of telecommunication network operation, developing new telecommunication business, and doing net accounts between operators. In order to satisfy the need of telecommunications networks to synchronize time while searching for a new time service method with the accuracy equal to the one of GPS to meet the requirement for time unification of other industries at the same time, this article develops a research on time delivery research based on the SDH network.
To build nationwide synchronized time net using SDH network, we must study the time delay in SDH network transmission path. In a way of combing theory analysis, engineering measurement, and simulated research, this article offers a method for time transmission suitable for the characteristics of SDH network structure—loop-back and sampling method, which effectively solves the problem of the asymmetric two-way signal transmission path of the SDH ring-network and, to a great extent, enhances the accuracy of time transmission. This method also has a wide scope of application and can be used in SDH network as well as network element with any structure.
This article simulates the time-delay in the single-node SDH network element processing, and gains the same result with the one of engineer measurement after comparison.
With the stated loop-back and sampling method, this article makes theory analysis and simulated measurement on the asymmetric processing time-delay in the transmitting and receiving part of the single-node SDH network element. Based on this, the time accuracy transmitted through 81 SDH network elements at the length of 8000 kilometers is calculated; the accuracy within one nanosecond is gained
In this article, a specific plan to realize loop-back and sampling time transmission with hardware circuit and software process needing to be added is designed. The time synchronizing network designed in this article and the existing SDH frequency synchronizing network are unified, which effectively solves the problem of time synchronization in all kinds of telecommunication network, and is capable of providing time synchronizing signals for other industries.
利用SDH网络组建全国的时间同步网,需要研究SDH网络传递路径的时延和时延误差。论文采用理论分析、工程测量和仿真研究相结合的方法,提出了一种适合SDH网络结构特点的时间传递方法——环回采样法,该方法很好地解决了SDH环形网络双向信号传递路径不对称问题,大大提高了时间传送的精度。该方法适用范围广,可以在任意结构的SDH网络和网元中使用。
论文对SDH单节点网元的处理时延进行了仿真,并与工程测量结果进行了对比,获得了一致的结果。
论文基于提出的环回采样法,对SDH单节点网元发送部分和接收部分的不对称处理时延进行了理论分析和仿真测量。在此基础上,对8000公里长,经过81个SDH网元传递的时间精度做出了预测,获得了1纳秒以内的精度。
论文还设计了实现环回采样时间传递的具体方案,设计了需要增加的硬件电路和软件流程。论文设计的时间同步网,综合考虑了已有的SDH频率同步网,将频率同步网和时间同步网统一在一起,较好的解决了各种通信网的时间同步,同时还可以为其他行业提供所需的时间同步信号。
Unified time is need when improving the quality of telecommunication network operation, developing new telecommunication business, and doing net accounts between operators. In order to satisfy the need of telecommunications networks to synchronize time while searching for a new time service method with the accuracy equal to the one of GPS to meet the requirement for time unification of other industries at the same time, this article develops a research on time delivery research based on the SDH network.
To build nationwide synchronized time net using SDH network, we must study the time delay in SDH network transmission path. In a way of combing theory analysis, engineering measurement, and simulated research, this article offers a method for time transmission suitable for the characteristics of SDH network structure—loop-back and sampling method, which effectively solves the problem of the asymmetric two-way signal transmission path of the SDH ring-network and, to a great extent, enhances the accuracy of time transmission. This method also has a wide scope of application and can be used in SDH network as well as network element with any structure.
This article simulates the time-delay in the single-node SDH network element processing, and gains the same result with the one of engineer measurement after comparison.
With the stated loop-back and sampling method, this article makes theory analysis and simulated measurement on the asymmetric processing time-delay in the transmitting and receiving part of the single-node SDH network element. Based on this, the time accuracy transmitted through 81 SDH network elements at the length of 8000 kilometers is calculated; the accuracy within one nanosecond is gained
In this article, a specific plan to realize loop-back and sampling time transmission with hardware circuit and software process needing to be added is designed. The time synchronizing network designed in this article and the existing SDH frequency synchronizing network are unified, which effectively solves the problem of time synchronization in all kinds of telecommunication network, and is capable of providing time synchronizing signals for other industries.
引文
[1]童宝润,吴贵臣,翟造成,胡永辉,郑兴世.时间统一技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[2]马瑞慧,管玲善.时间同步的业务需求和几种时间传送技术.电信传输,2001(5):16-19.
[3]吴守贤,漆贯荣,边玉敬.时间测量.北京:科学出版社,1983.
[4]胡永辉,漆贯荣.时间测量原理.香港:香港亚太科学出版社,2000.
[5]武欣.宽频带地展仪时间同步系统设计.吉林大学硕士论文.2004 年:30-34页
[6]干国强,邱致和. 导航与定位——现代战争的北斗星. 北京:国防工业出版社,2000:19.
[7]林平卫,李明寿,王平.利用电话网络自动校时服务系统的研制及应用. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:153-156.
[8]漆溢.计算机电话时间服务. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:179-180.
[9] Almes G, Kalidindi S, Zekauskas M. A round-trip delay metric for IPPM. RFC2681, 1999.
[10] Almes G, Kalidindi S, Zekauskas M. A one-way delay metric for IPPM. RFC2679, 1999.
[11]Network Time Protocol(V3). RFC1305. March 1992.
[12]Simple Network Time Protocol(V4). RFC2030. October 1996.
[13]Time Protocol. RFC868. May 1983.
[14]Daytime Protocol. RFC867. May 1983.
[15]OPINION ITU-R 94.TIME AND FREQUENCY USING DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION NEYWORKS(Question ITU-R 207/7). 1995.
[16]M.A.Weiss, S.R.Jefferts. Two-Way Time and Frequency Transfer in Sonet[J], IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREOUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM 1996,pp:1163-1168.
[17]S.R.Jefferts, Marc A. Weiss, J. Levine et al. Two-Way Time Transfer through SDH and SONET Systems[J]. EUROPEAN FREQUENCY TIME FORUM. 5-7 MARCH 1996 CONFERENCE PUBLICATION No 418, pp:461-464.
[18] S.R.Jefferts, Marc A. Weiss, J. Levine et al. Two-Way Time and Frequency Transfer Using Optical Fibers[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT. 2006.46(2),pp:209-211.
[19]电信研究院. 利用 SDH 网络传递标准时间信号.信息产业部电信研究院研究报告.2004.
[20]谢毅.用 SDH 网络传输高精度时间和频率信号.信息产业部电信研究院论文集.2004:219-222.
[21]IRIG SERIAL TIME CODE FORMAT.IRIG STANDARD 200-98. May 1998.
[22]黄秉英,周渭等.计量测试技术手册.北京:中国计量出版社,1996.
[23]R.Dach, G.Beuter. Time transfer using GPS carrier phase: error propagation and results[J], Journal of Geodesy. 2003(77):1-14.
[24]Tom Cehno, Jeremy Warriner. Dynamic Two-Way Time Transfer to moving Platforms[J], 2003 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition Joiutly with the 17th European Frequency and Time Forum.
[25]韦乐平.光同步数字传送网.北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[26]韦乐平,李英灏.SDH 及其新应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[27]吴彦文,郑大力,仲肇伟.光网络的生存性技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002.
[28]刘增基,周洋溢等.光纤通信. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[29] Donald B. Time Generation and Distribution[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1991,79(7), pp:906-914.
[30]A.Imaoka, M.Kihara. Accurate time/frequency transfer method using bidirectional WDM transmission[J]. ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 1995,31(16), pp:1361-1362.
[31]CCITT Rec.G.783,Characteristics of SDH equipment function blocks,1992.
[32]CCITT Rec.G.782,Types and general characteristics of SDH equipment,1992.
[33]程根兰.数字同步网,北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[34]Andrew S. Tanenbaum.计算机网络(第 3 版).北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[35]程时端,刘斌.异步传递方式-宽带 ISDN 技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[36]尹迅雷,陈在平,姚晓伟. 工业以太网时延分析与建模研究[J]. 天津理工大学学报,2005(12):11-13.
[37]杨丽曼,李运华,袁海滨. 网络控制系统的时延分析及数据传输技术研究[J]. 控制与决策,2004(4):361-382.
[38]黎文伟,张大方等.基于通用 PC 架框的高精度网络时延测量方法[J].《软件学报》,2006.(2):275-284.
[39] W.D.Grover, T.E.Moore. Precision Time Transfer in Transport Networks Using Digital Cross Connect Systems, GLOBECOM, 1988, pp:1544-1547.
[40]吴贵臣.关于近期国家授时体系和同步参考架. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:10-13.
[41]Network Synchronization Architecture Fundamentals. http://www.tekelec-systems.com
[42]杨利刚.利用 SDH 网络建立统一的同步网传送、分配平台[J]. 新技术新业务.2002(6):48-51. [43 ]Jeremy Elson,Lewis Girod and Deborah Estrin. Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts[J]. In Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, December 2002.
[44]LCDR Richard Fontana, et al. GPS modernization and the future[J], ION GPS2000.pp.222-231.
[45]杨旭海. 博士学位论文. 中国科学院研究生院. 2003 年 4 月.
[46]朱建新等. 电力系统中的时间同步网[J]. 电力系统通信,2002(5):17-19.
[47]G Santarelli, F Narbonneau, M Lours, et al. High performance frequencydissemination for metrology applications with optical fibers[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005,29(31):925~927.
[48] K W Holman, D J Jones, D D Hudson, et al. Precise frequency transfer through a fiber network by use of 1.5- μm mode-locked sources[J]. Optical Letters,2004, 29(13): 1554~1556.
[49] M Kihara, A Imaoka, M Imae, et al. Two-way time transfer through 2.4Gb/s optical SDH system[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2001,50(3): 709~715.
[50] R Emardson, P O Hedekvist, M Nilsson, et al. Time and Frequency Transfer in an Asynchronous TCP/IP over SDH-network Utilizing Passive Listening[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, 29(31):908~913.
[51] M. Amemiya, M. Imae, Y. Fujii, et al. Time and Frequency Transfer and Dissemination Methods Using Optical Fiber Network. Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE, P: 914 - 918
[52] J. Ye, J. L. Peng, R. J. Jones, et al. Delivery of high-stability optical and microwave frequency standards over an optical fiber network. J. Opt. Soc.Am.B, 2003, 20(7):1495~1467
[53] http://www.mc21st.com/techfield/systech/cdma/,CDMA 移动通信系统的关键技术。
[54] http://www.dzsc.com,黄云水,冯玉光.IEEE1588 精密时钟同步分析.
[55] John Eidson,IEEE-1588 Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems,Agilent Technologies, July 16, 2003
[56] 任丰原,董思颖,何滔等. 基于锁相环的时间同步机制与算法,Journal of Software, Vol.18, No.2, February 2007, pp.372-380
[57] 王鹏,基于 FPGA 的绝对时间同步系统的设计研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2007.1
[58]中国移动时间同步网技术体制,中国移动通信体制标准 V1.0.2
[59] L. H.Zhou, X. Wang, C. X. Feng. Synchronization Issues in SDH Network, Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE, P :1033-1036
[60] http://hi.baidu.com/one_life/blog/item/aaf095b1e628395109230214.html
[61] 陆毅,时间同步网工程建设与应用,合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,P8-12
[62] Yoshizumi Serizawa, Additive Time Synchronous System in Existing SDH Networks, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, February 1999, pp.19-22
[63] 梁双有等,利用光纤进行高精度时间传递,《时间频率学报》,2003,26(1).
[64] Dach, R.; Hugentobler, U.; Schildknecht, T. et al. Precise continuous time and frequency transfer using GPS carrier phase, Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, International Proceedings of IEEE, 29-31 Aug. 2005, pp.329 - 336
[65] Jefferts, S.R.; Weiss, M.; Dilla, S. et al., Two-way time and frequency transfer using optical fibers, Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, 1996 Conference on 17-21 June 1996 Page(s):520 - 521
[66] Hall, J.L.; Jun Ye , Optical frequency standards and measurement, Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions , 2003 ,52(2), pp:227 - 231
[67] Kiasaleh, K.; Lindsey, W.C., Time and frequency transfer between master and slave clocks, Communications, IEEE Transactions, 1990, 38(10) pp:1900 - 1912
[68] Williams, P. A.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.,Optical frequency transfer over 38 km of installed fiber at less than 3x10-19 residual fractional instability, LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2007 Digest of the IEEE on 23-25 July 2007, pp:184 - 185
[2]马瑞慧,管玲善.时间同步的业务需求和几种时间传送技术.电信传输,2001(5):16-19.
[3]吴守贤,漆贯荣,边玉敬.时间测量.北京:科学出版社,1983.
[4]胡永辉,漆贯荣.时间测量原理.香港:香港亚太科学出版社,2000.
[5]武欣.宽频带地展仪时间同步系统设计.吉林大学硕士论文.2004 年:30-34页
[6]干国强,邱致和. 导航与定位——现代战争的北斗星. 北京:国防工业出版社,2000:19.
[7]林平卫,李明寿,王平.利用电话网络自动校时服务系统的研制及应用. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:153-156.
[8]漆溢.计算机电话时间服务. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:179-180.
[9] Almes G, Kalidindi S, Zekauskas M. A round-trip delay metric for IPPM. RFC2681, 1999.
[10] Almes G, Kalidindi S, Zekauskas M. A one-way delay metric for IPPM. RFC2679, 1999.
[11]Network Time Protocol(V3). RFC1305. March 1992.
[12]Simple Network Time Protocol(V4). RFC2030. October 1996.
[13]Time Protocol. RFC868. May 1983.
[14]Daytime Protocol. RFC867. May 1983.
[15]OPINION ITU-R 94.TIME AND FREQUENCY USING DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION NEYWORKS(Question ITU-R 207/7). 1995.
[16]M.A.Weiss, S.R.Jefferts. Two-Way Time and Frequency Transfer in Sonet[J], IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREOUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM 1996,pp:1163-1168.
[17]S.R.Jefferts, Marc A. Weiss, J. Levine et al. Two-Way Time Transfer through SDH and SONET Systems[J]. EUROPEAN FREQUENCY TIME FORUM. 5-7 MARCH 1996 CONFERENCE PUBLICATION No 418, pp:461-464.
[18] S.R.Jefferts, Marc A. Weiss, J. Levine et al. Two-Way Time and Frequency Transfer Using Optical Fibers[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT. 2006.46(2),pp:209-211.
[19]电信研究院. 利用 SDH 网络传递标准时间信号.信息产业部电信研究院研究报告.2004.
[20]谢毅.用 SDH 网络传输高精度时间和频率信号.信息产业部电信研究院论文集.2004:219-222.
[21]IRIG SERIAL TIME CODE FORMAT.IRIG STANDARD 200-98. May 1998.
[22]黄秉英,周渭等.计量测试技术手册.北京:中国计量出版社,1996.
[23]R.Dach, G.Beuter. Time transfer using GPS carrier phase: error propagation and results[J], Journal of Geodesy. 2003(77):1-14.
[24]Tom Cehno, Jeremy Warriner. Dynamic Two-Way Time Transfer to moving Platforms[J], 2003 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition Joiutly with the 17th European Frequency and Time Forum.
[25]韦乐平.光同步数字传送网.北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[26]韦乐平,李英灏.SDH 及其新应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[27]吴彦文,郑大力,仲肇伟.光网络的生存性技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002.
[28]刘增基,周洋溢等.光纤通信. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[29] Donald B. Time Generation and Distribution[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1991,79(7), pp:906-914.
[30]A.Imaoka, M.Kihara. Accurate time/frequency transfer method using bidirectional WDM transmission[J]. ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 1995,31(16), pp:1361-1362.
[31]CCITT Rec.G.783,Characteristics of SDH equipment function blocks,1992.
[32]CCITT Rec.G.782,Types and general characteristics of SDH equipment,1992.
[33]程根兰.数字同步网,北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[34]Andrew S. Tanenbaum.计算机网络(第 3 版).北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[35]程时端,刘斌.异步传递方式-宽带 ISDN 技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[36]尹迅雷,陈在平,姚晓伟. 工业以太网时延分析与建模研究[J]. 天津理工大学学报,2005(12):11-13.
[37]杨丽曼,李运华,袁海滨. 网络控制系统的时延分析及数据传输技术研究[J]. 控制与决策,2004(4):361-382.
[38]黎文伟,张大方等.基于通用 PC 架框的高精度网络时延测量方法[J].《软件学报》,2006.(2):275-284.
[39] W.D.Grover, T.E.Moore. Precision Time Transfer in Transport Networks Using Digital Cross Connect Systems, GLOBECOM, 1988, pp:1544-1547.
[40]吴贵臣.关于近期国家授时体系和同步参考架. 全国时间频率学术报告会论文集,2001:10-13.
[41]Network Synchronization Architecture Fundamentals. http://www.tekelec-systems.com
[42]杨利刚.利用 SDH 网络建立统一的同步网传送、分配平台[J]. 新技术新业务.2002(6):48-51. [43 ]Jeremy Elson,Lewis Girod and Deborah Estrin. Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts[J]. In Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, December 2002.
[44]LCDR Richard Fontana, et al. GPS modernization and the future[J], ION GPS2000.pp.222-231.
[45]杨旭海. 博士学位论文. 中国科学院研究生院. 2003 年 4 月.
[46]朱建新等. 电力系统中的时间同步网[J]. 电力系统通信,2002(5):17-19.
[47]G Santarelli, F Narbonneau, M Lours, et al. High performance frequencydissemination for metrology applications with optical fibers[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005,29(31):925~927.
[48] K W Holman, D J Jones, D D Hudson, et al. Precise frequency transfer through a fiber network by use of 1.5- μm mode-locked sources[J]. Optical Letters,2004, 29(13): 1554~1556.
[49] M Kihara, A Imaoka, M Imae, et al. Two-way time transfer through 2.4Gb/s optical SDH system[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2001,50(3): 709~715.
[50] R Emardson, P O Hedekvist, M Nilsson, et al. Time and Frequency Transfer in an Asynchronous TCP/IP over SDH-network Utilizing Passive Listening[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2005, 29(31):908~913.
[51] M. Amemiya, M. Imae, Y. Fujii, et al. Time and Frequency Transfer and Dissemination Methods Using Optical Fiber Network. Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE, P: 914 - 918
[52] J. Ye, J. L. Peng, R. J. Jones, et al. Delivery of high-stability optical and microwave frequency standards over an optical fiber network. J. Opt. Soc.Am.B, 2003, 20(7):1495~1467
[53] http://www.mc21st.com/techfield/systech/cdma/,CDMA 移动通信系统的关键技术。
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