基于SUPANET的故障恢复研究
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摘要
Internet是上一世纪七十年代以文本数据传输为主的应用背景下诞生的网络，因此对正确性要求高，对实时性要求低。但随着多媒体网络应用数据流在Internet中的增加，使得Internet的“尽其所能”的服务难以满足新数据流的服务质量的需求，成为Internet面临的一大挑战。虽然Internet学界试图通过在IP层上增加服务质量保障技术，如资源预留协议、集成服务、区分服务，来改进Internet的服务质量。但现有的Internet的三层数据传输平台用户数据传输效率低，实施服务质量控制困难。
针对现有网络体系结构在服务质量保障方面存在的不足，四川省网络通信技术重点实验室提出了“单物理层用户数据传输与交换平台体系结构”(SUPA - S ingle Physical layer User-data transfer & switching Platform Architecture)网络(SUPANET)。SUPA利用带外信令控制思想将用户数据传输平台(U平台)与信控、管理平台(S&M平台)相分离，而利用面向以太网的物理帧时槽交换(EPF7S - Ethernet-oriented Physical Frame Timeslot Switching)技术将用户数据传输与交换平台(U-platform)简化为单物理层结构，将服务质量保障机制嵌入该平台之中，直接保障用户数据交换的服务质量。
SUPA在信控、管理平台支持服务质量协商、最少跳数(hop)的基于服务质量的波长路径选择(Shortest Path - Lambda QoS Rout ing，SP-LQR)、呼叫入网控制(CAC)一系列服务质量保障措施和策略，与用户平台的内嵌的服务质量保障机制，共同实现了SUPANET的服务质量保障。因为网络中的资源可能出现故障，所以为提高网络的可靠性SUPANET需要提供故障恢复能力。SUPANET的故障恢复机制是采用保护切换的方法，保护切换是一种可以在虚通路上的虚线路或节点出现故障时，使其上传输的业务流经过很小的中断后能快速的从故障中得到恢复的方法。在保护切换中，备份虚通路是故障发生之前预先建立的，当虚通路出现故障时，数据会被在切换点从失效了的虚通路切换到备份的虚通路上。
SUPANET中基本的保护切换有四个步骤。首先，备份的虚通路必须在故障发生前事先建立。第二，SUPANET需要对故障进行检测。第三，检测到故障的节点必须向切换节点通知故障信息。第四，切换节点将业务流转发到备份虚通路上而不是原本的虚通路。
在进行理论研究的同时，本文利用OPNET网络仿真软件对受保护的虚通路中的业务流进行了保护切换的仿真实验。建立了一个简化的SUPA网络模型，对切换处理过程中的数据丢失进行了仿真统计，仿真结果基本符合保护切换的特征，验证了保护方法的可行性。
Internet was developed for text-oriented network applications in the 1970s, and it requests correctness of contest without real-time requirement. But with increase of multimedia application traffic in Internet, the "best effort" service provided by Internet does not able to satisfy users' different QoS requirements and become one of challenges to Internet. Although the Internet communit attempts to improve the technology in the IP level to improve the quality of service, they are RSVP、Integrated Service、Differentiated Service and etc. But the low efficiency of the existing 3-layers user-data switching platform is difficult to insure the QoS of the service.
To solve these problems, Sichuan Network Communication Technology Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University has defined a new network architecture called SUPA (Single physical layer User-data transfer & switching Platform Architecture). The SUPA simplifies User-data transfer & switching platform (U-platform) into a single physical layer platform by adopting the out-band signaling concept. The key technique enabling the single U-platform is called EPFTS (Ethernet-oriented Physical Frame Timeslot Switching),and guarantee the QoS of the data.
SUPA has defined a set of mechanisms both in the S&M-platform and U-platform.In S&M-platform they are QoS Negotiation Protocol (QoSNP), QoS-based lambda Routing Information Protocol (λQoS RIP), Traffic Monitoring & Exchange Protocol (TMEP), Call Admission Control (CAC),and together with the mechanism in U-platform they guarantee the QoS of SUPANET(network supports SUPA). An important component of providing QoS, is the ability to do so reliability and efficiency. To make SUPANET reliable there is need for failure recovery mecasims in SUPANET. The failure recovery mecasim in SUPANET is Protection Switching, which is a method of ensuring recovery from link or node failure without disruption to the data traffic. In Protection Switching, the backup VP is pre-provisioned, when the pximary path is failed ,data traffice is switched from the failed VP to a backup VP.
The basic protection switching consists of four steps. First, backup VP must be established. Second, the SUPANET must be able to detect the failure. Third, nodes that detect the failure must notify switching node in the SUPANET of the failure. Forth, instead of sending traffic on the primary VP switching node must send traffic on the backup VP instead.
OPNET is used to simulate the protection in SUPANET to validate its availability and efficiency by constituting a simplified SUPA network topology structure while doing fundamental research. The relevant simulation results indicate the validity of protection in SUPA networks which basically complies with the feature of restoration procedure.
针对现有网络体系结构在服务质量保障方面存在的不足，四川省网络通信技术重点实验室提出了“单物理层用户数据传输与交换平台体系结构”(SUPA - S ingle Physical layer User-data transfer & switching Platform Architecture)网络(SUPANET)。SUPA利用带外信令控制思想将用户数据传输平台(U平台)与信控、管理平台(S&M平台)相分离，而利用面向以太网的物理帧时槽交换(EPF7S - Ethernet-oriented Physical Frame Timeslot Switching)技术将用户数据传输与交换平台(U-platform)简化为单物理层结构，将服务质量保障机制嵌入该平台之中，直接保障用户数据交换的服务质量。
SUPA在信控、管理平台支持服务质量协商、最少跳数(hop)的基于服务质量的波长路径选择(Shortest Path - Lambda QoS Rout ing，SP-LQR)、呼叫入网控制(CAC)一系列服务质量保障措施和策略，与用户平台的内嵌的服务质量保障机制，共同实现了SUPANET的服务质量保障。因为网络中的资源可能出现故障，所以为提高网络的可靠性SUPANET需要提供故障恢复能力。SUPANET的故障恢复机制是采用保护切换的方法，保护切换是一种可以在虚通路上的虚线路或节点出现故障时，使其上传输的业务流经过很小的中断后能快速的从故障中得到恢复的方法。在保护切换中，备份虚通路是故障发生之前预先建立的，当虚通路出现故障时，数据会被在切换点从失效了的虚通路切换到备份的虚通路上。
SUPANET中基本的保护切换有四个步骤。首先，备份的虚通路必须在故障发生前事先建立。第二，SUPANET需要对故障进行检测。第三，检测到故障的节点必须向切换节点通知故障信息。第四，切换节点将业务流转发到备份虚通路上而不是原本的虚通路。
在进行理论研究的同时，本文利用OPNET网络仿真软件对受保护的虚通路中的业务流进行了保护切换的仿真实验。建立了一个简化的SUPA网络模型，对切换处理过程中的数据丢失进行了仿真统计，仿真结果基本符合保护切换的特征，验证了保护方法的可行性。
Internet was developed for text-oriented network applications in the 1970s, and it requests correctness of contest without real-time requirement. But with increase of multimedia application traffic in Internet, the "best effort" service provided by Internet does not able to satisfy users' different QoS requirements and become one of challenges to Internet. Although the Internet communit attempts to improve the technology in the IP level to improve the quality of service, they are RSVP、Integrated Service、Differentiated Service and etc. But the low efficiency of the existing 3-layers user-data switching platform is difficult to insure the QoS of the service.
To solve these problems, Sichuan Network Communication Technology Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University has defined a new network architecture called SUPA (Single physical layer User-data transfer & switching Platform Architecture). The SUPA simplifies User-data transfer & switching platform (U-platform) into a single physical layer platform by adopting the out-band signaling concept. The key technique enabling the single U-platform is called EPFTS (Ethernet-oriented Physical Frame Timeslot Switching),and guarantee the QoS of the data.
SUPA has defined a set of mechanisms both in the S&M-platform and U-platform.In S&M-platform they are QoS Negotiation Protocol (QoSNP), QoS-based lambda Routing Information Protocol (λQoS RIP), Traffic Monitoring & Exchange Protocol (TMEP), Call Admission Control (CAC),and together with the mechanism in U-platform they guarantee the QoS of SUPANET(network supports SUPA). An important component of providing QoS, is the ability to do so reliability and efficiency. To make SUPANET reliable there is need for failure recovery mecasims in SUPANET. The failure recovery mecasim in SUPANET is Protection Switching, which is a method of ensuring recovery from link or node failure without disruption to the data traffic. In Protection Switching, the backup VP is pre-provisioned, when the pximary path is failed ,data traffice is switched from the failed VP to a backup VP.
The basic protection switching consists of four steps. First, backup VP must be established. Second, the SUPANET must be able to detect the failure. Third, nodes that detect the failure must notify switching node in the SUPANET of the failure. Forth, instead of sending traffic on the primary VP switching node must send traffic on the backup VP instead.
OPNET is used to simulate the protection in SUPANET to validate its availability and efficiency by constituting a simplified SUPA network topology structure while doing fundamental research. The relevant simulation results indicate the validity of protection in SUPA networks which basically complies with the feature of restoration procedure.
引文
[1] HuaXin Zeng, Jun Dou, DengYuan Xu,"Single physical layer U-platform Architecture (SUPA) for Next Generation Internet", IEC Comprehensive Report(2003) on Internet Protocol(IP) Applications and Services, IEC Press, December 2003
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[3] Jun DOU, Huaxin ZENG, Haiying WANG, "Single User-Platform Architecture and its QoS Provisioning Mechanisms in Signaling and Management (S&M) Platforms", in: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT2004), Singapore, December 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 3320), published by Springer, pp. 429-440.
[4] HuaXin Zeng, Jun Dou, DengYuan Xu, "On Three-Dimension Ethernet based MAN (3D-EMAN) Architecture", in PDCAT'03, IEEE press, August 27-29, 2003, Chengdu, China.
[5] HuaXin Zeng,Jun Dou, Dengyuan Xu."Replace MPLS with EPFTS to Build a SUPANET. 2005 Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing", HongKong, China, 2005.5
[6] 曾华燊等．论“单物理层的用户数据传输平台体系结构网络——SUPANET"，计算机应用 2004，24(6)1-5
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[23] 天洪亮，“宽带网络生存性研究“，浙江大学博士论文，2000．
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[2] Huaxin Zeng Jun Dou & Dengyuan Xu, "Single physical layer U-platform Architecture (SUPA) for Next Generation Internet", IEC (2004) Annual Review of IP Applications and Services.
[3] Jun DOU, Huaxin ZENG, Haiying WANG, "Single User-Platform Architecture and its QoS Provisioning Mechanisms in Signaling and Management (S&M) Platforms", in: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT2004), Singapore, December 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 3320), published by Springer, pp. 429-440.
[4] HuaXin Zeng, Jun Dou, DengYuan Xu, "On Three-Dimension Ethernet based MAN (3D-EMAN) Architecture", in PDCAT'03, IEEE press, August 27-29, 2003, Chengdu, China.
[5] HuaXin Zeng,Jun Dou, Dengyuan Xu."Replace MPLS with EPFTS to Build a SUPANET. 2005 Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing", HongKong, China, 2005.5
[6] 曾华燊等．论“单物理层的用户数据传输平台体系结构网络——SUPANET"，计算机应用 2004，24(6)1-5
[7] 曾华粲，“现代网络通信技术“，西南交通大学出版社．2003
[8] 徐民鹰，刘信圣，“三网合一技术基础“，中国国际广播出版社．2003
[9] 杨璐，邱代燕，刘彤，网络生存性综述，计算机工程与设计 2005．5 PP．1225-1228
[10] 曾华燊，论“下一代Internet体系结构”，计算机应用，2004，24
[11] 刘文杰，“半步超前交换技术及其改进研究“，西南交通大学硕士论文．2006
[12] 石兵，“宽带网络生存性及自愈技术的研究“，博士论文，电子科技大学
[13] P.Demeester, T-H.wu,N.Yoshikai ,,"Guest Editoial Survival Communication Networks",IEEE Communication Magazine,Vol37,No. 8 August 1999,pp40-42
[14] K.K.Aggarwal,S.Rai,"Reliablity evalution in computer-communication networks",IEEE Trans,April 1981,R-30.(1),pp.32-35
[15] J.J.Shi,J.P.Fonseka,"Traffic-based"Survivablity Analysis of Telecommunication Networks",IEEE Globlecom' 95,Nov. 1995,pp.936-940.
[16] B.H.Ryu,M.murata,H.Miyahara,"Design Method for Highly Reliable Virtual Path Base ATM Networks",IEICE Trans,Commun,Vol.E79-B,No. 10,October 2005.pp. 1500-1513
[17] R.Doverspike,J.Yates,"Challengs for MPLS in Optical Network Restoration",IEEE Comm.Mag.2001. Feb,pp. 89-96
[18] 宋鸿升，吴耀辉，顾畹仪，“多层网络中的生存性策略“，光通信技术，2004．4，pp．33-36
[19] 赵季红，李增智，曲桦，“多层传送网的生存性策略“电信科学，2000．10，pp．14-17
[20] 梁芝贤，蔡敏，刘亚婴，“SDH自愈环的生存性探讨“，电力系统通信，2003．2，pp18-21．
[21] Demeester Piet, Gryseels Michael,"Resilience in a multi layer network", IEEE Communication Magazine, 1999,37(8) :70-75.
[22] 陈泽洪，朱燕平，“基于DWDM技术的网络生存性研究“，高性能计算机，2006．2，pp．38-41．
[23] 天洪亮，“宽带网络生存性研究“，浙江大学博士论文，2000．
[24] S. Ramamurthy, B. Mukherjee."Survivable WDM Mesh Networks. Part Ⅱ-Restoration", Proc. ICC. 1999, pp.2023-2030
[25] 王东霞，窦文华，周兴铭，“ATM自愈网的一种恢复调度策略“，电子学报，2000．8，pp．102-104
[26] E.Ayanoglu,R.D.gitlin,"Broadband Network Restoration",IEEE Comm,July 1996,pp.110-119.
[27] ZHENG Q, MOHAN G."Protection approaches for dynamic t raffic in ip/mpls2over2wdm networks [J]". IEEE Optical Communications, May 2003,pp24-29.
[28] T.wu,"Emerging Technologies for Fiber Network Survivability",IEEE comm,Febrary,2005,pp.58-74.
[29] Lai W, D.McDysan,"Network hierarchy and multilayer survivability", 2002.11. IETF RFC3386. ttp://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3386.txt.
[30] IETF DRAFT,"Extension to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", draft ietf Mpls lsp tunnels
[31] ETF DRAFT ,"A Framework for MPLS Based Recovery",draft2ietf2 Mpls recovery frmwrk203, txt Adrian, et al . Surviving Failures in MPLS Networks. Data Connec2 tion L TD,White Paper,2001
[32] 周卫华，倪县乐，丁炜，“MPLS网络的自愈技术研究“，计算机应用与工程，2002．18，pp．35-38．
[33] 李晓东，“MPLS的技术与实现”，电子工业出版社，2002年
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