社交焦虑个体的自我认识特点
摘要
随着现代人生活节奏增快，竞争加大，社交焦虑越来越流行。而所谓社交焦虑，是对日常普通生活工作交往，产生持续、显著的畏惧，以致影响了生活质量。社交焦虑者自我意识过剩，自我关注，导致了一系列不恰当的安全行为和焦虑症状。社会意识情绪通过自我为中介受到自我认识的影响，社交焦虑是一种负面的复合社会意识情绪，羞愧(羞耻感)是其重要组成成分。
为进一步探索自我认知以及对社会评价态度在产生和维持社交焦虑中的作用，本研究运用点探测，内隐联合测试，以及内隐记忆任务，对12名高社交焦虑者和12名低社交焦虑者进行了实验。实验结果显示在非威胁性情景下，高社交焦虑者具有社会积极评价倾向；高社交焦虑者回忆较少的积极共我影象词语；在内隐水平上，高社交焦虑者和低社交焦虑者具有相似较高的自我积极影象。因此寻求积极社会评价倾向和积极自我影象、消极公我影象公我的矛盾，可能是产生和维持社交焦虑的原因。
with rhythm of modern people increasing, the competitionenlarging, the is more and more popular. But the so-calledsocial anxiety forms remarkable and continual fear to dailylife and work, and influence quality of life. The sociallyanxious individuals have excessive self-awareness and theself-attention. It caused a series of inappropriate securitiesbehavior and the anxious symptom. The social consciousness moodis affected by Self- cognition through self. the social anxietyis one kind of negative compound social consciousnessmood. Shame is an important component.
To intensively explore the function of Self- cognition and social appraisal manner in reducing and lasting socia1 anxiety. 12 high social anxious (HSA) Ss and 12 low socia1 anxious(LSA)Ss are tested by dot—probe task, implicit association task and memory task. The results revealled Highsocially anxious tended to have more positive social appraisal manner t under non threaten condition. High sociallyanxious individuals recalled less positive public self-image words. However, at the implicit level, low and high socially anxious individuals were characterized by a similar, high ly positive self-image. So highly positive social appraisalmanner and the diffirence of the highly positve self-imageand negative public self-image may cause and last the soc_ial anxiety
为进一步探索自我认知以及对社会评价态度在产生和维持社交焦虑中的作用，本研究运用点探测，内隐联合测试，以及内隐记忆任务，对12名高社交焦虑者和12名低社交焦虑者进行了实验。实验结果显示在非威胁性情景下，高社交焦虑者具有社会积极评价倾向；高社交焦虑者回忆较少的积极共我影象词语；在内隐水平上，高社交焦虑者和低社交焦虑者具有相似较高的自我积极影象。因此寻求积极社会评价倾向和积极自我影象、消极公我影象公我的矛盾，可能是产生和维持社交焦虑的原因。
with rhythm of modern people increasing, the competitionenlarging, the is more and more popular. But the so-calledsocial anxiety forms remarkable and continual fear to dailylife and work, and influence quality of life. The sociallyanxious individuals have excessive self-awareness and theself-attention. It caused a series of inappropriate securitiesbehavior and the anxious symptom. The social consciousness moodis affected by Self- cognition through self. the social anxietyis one kind of negative compound social consciousnessmood. Shame is an important component.
To intensively explore the function of Self- cognition and social appraisal manner in reducing and lasting socia1 anxiety. 12 high social anxious (HSA) Ss and 12 low socia1 anxious(LSA)Ss are tested by dot—probe task, implicit association task and memory task. The results revealled Highsocially anxious tended to have more positive social appraisal manner t under non threaten condition. High sociallyanxious individuals recalled less positive public self-image words. However, at the implicit level, low and high socially anxious individuals were characterized by a similar, high ly positive self-image. So highly positive social appraisalmanner and the diffirence of the highly positve self-imageand negative public self-image may cause and last the soc_ial anxiety
引文
[1] 汪向东主编 心理卫生评定量表手册中国心理卫生杂志 1999年增刊 227-310
[2] 张春兴主编 张氏心理学辞典 上海辞书出版社 1991 5 608
[3] 英Gillian Butleraf著 周晓林等译 克服羞怯 Overcoming Social Anxiety and Shyness中国轻工业出版社 2001 63-65
[4] Lewis, M. (1992) The self in self-conscious emotion. Monographs of the society for the research in child development 57(1 serial NO.226),85～95.
[5] DavidSander Emotion and attention interactions in social cognition:Brain regions involved inprocessing anger prosody NeuroImage28(2005)848 C85
[6] Mansell W, Clark DM, Ehlers A, et al. Social anxiety and attention away from faces. Cognition an d Emotion, 1999, 13: 673—690.
[7] 日 高良武久《森田心理疗法实践》人民卫生出版社
[8] 日 森田正马《神经衰弱和强迫观念的根治法》人民卫生出版社
[9] Man sell W, Ehlers A, Clark DM, et al. Attention to positive and negative social—evaluative words: investigating the effects of SOcial anxiety, trait anxiety and social threat. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2002, 15: 19—29.
[10] Wells, A., &Clark, D. M. (1997). Social phobia:a cognitive approach. InG. C. L. Davey, Phobias! a handbook of theory, research and treatment (pp. 3(R)26). Chichester: JohnWiley.
[11] Ginsburg, G. S., La-Greca, A. M., &Silverman, W. K. (1998). Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 175(R) 185.
[12] Joinson, A. (1999). Social desirability, anonymity, and internet-based questionnaires. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, &Computers, 31,439 (R)445.
[13] DeJong, P. J., Pasman, W., Kindt, M., &vandenHout, M. A. (2001). A reaction time paradigm to assess complaint- specicial (implicit) dysfunctiona beliefs. Behaviour Research and herapy, 39, 101(R)113.
[14] Taylor, S. e., &Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: Asocial psychological perspective on mental health. Psycho-logical Bulletin, 103, 193(R) 210.
[15] Clark, D. M., &Wells, A. (1995). Acognitive model of socialphobia. InR. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, &F. R. Schne ier(Ed.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assess ment and treatment, (pp. 69C93). New York: Guilford Press
[16] Bruch, B. A., Gorsky, J. M., Collins, T. M., &Berger, P. A. (1989). Shyness and sociability reexamined:amulti component analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 904C915
[17] Breck, B. E., &Smith, S. H. (1983). Selective recall of self-descriptive traits by socially anxious and non anxious females. Social Behaviour and Personality, 11(2), 71C76
[18] Claeys, W. (1989). Social anxiety, evaluative threat and incidental recall of trait words. AnxietyResearch, 2, 27C4
[19] Blaney, P. H. (1986). A Psychological Bulletin, 99 (2), 229C246
[20] 日 森田正马 神经症的实质和治疗 人民卫生出版社 67-80
[2] 张春兴主编 张氏心理学辞典 上海辞书出版社 1991 5 608
[3] 英Gillian Butleraf著 周晓林等译 克服羞怯 Overcoming Social Anxiety and Shyness中国轻工业出版社 2001 63-65
[4] Lewis, M. (1992) The self in self-conscious emotion. Monographs of the society for the research in child development 57(1 serial NO.226),85～95.
[5] DavidSander Emotion and attention interactions in social cognition:Brain regions involved inprocessing anger prosody NeuroImage28(2005)848 C85
[6] Mansell W, Clark DM, Ehlers A, et al. Social anxiety and attention away from faces. Cognition an d Emotion, 1999, 13: 673—690.
[7] 日 高良武久《森田心理疗法实践》人民卫生出版社
[8] 日 森田正马《神经衰弱和强迫观念的根治法》人民卫生出版社
[9] Man sell W, Ehlers A, Clark DM, et al. Attention to positive and negative social—evaluative words: investigating the effects of SOcial anxiety, trait anxiety and social threat. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2002, 15: 19—29.
[10] Wells, A., &Clark, D. M. (1997). Social phobia:a cognitive approach. InG. C. L. Davey, Phobias! a handbook of theory, research and treatment (pp. 3(R)26). Chichester: JohnWiley.
[11] Ginsburg, G. S., La-Greca, A. M., &Silverman, W. K. (1998). Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 175(R) 185.
[12] Joinson, A. (1999). Social desirability, anonymity, and internet-based questionnaires. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, &Computers, 31,439 (R)445.
[13] DeJong, P. J., Pasman, W., Kindt, M., &vandenHout, M. A. (2001). A reaction time paradigm to assess complaint- specicial (implicit) dysfunctiona beliefs. Behaviour Research and herapy, 39, 101(R)113.
[14] Taylor, S. e., &Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: Asocial psychological perspective on mental health. Psycho-logical Bulletin, 103, 193(R) 210.
[15] Clark, D. M., &Wells, A. (1995). Acognitive model of socialphobia. InR. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, &F. R. Schne ier(Ed.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assess ment and treatment, (pp. 69C93). New York: Guilford Press
[16] Bruch, B. A., Gorsky, J. M., Collins, T. M., &Berger, P. A. (1989). Shyness and sociability reexamined:amulti component analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 904C915
[17] Breck, B. E., &Smith, S. H. (1983). Selective recall of self-descriptive traits by socially anxious and non anxious females. Social Behaviour and Personality, 11(2), 71C76
[18] Claeys, W. (1989). Social anxiety, evaluative threat and incidental recall of trait words. AnxietyResearch, 2, 27C4
[19] Blaney, P. H. (1986). A Psychological Bulletin, 99 (2), 229C246
[20] 日 森田正马 神经症的实质和治疗 人民卫生出版社 67-80