数字电流滞环控制的Boost DC-DC变换器
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摘要
近年来,随着电力电子技术的高速发展,以DC-DC变换器为核心的开关电源已经深入应用到电子产品领域。对于开关DC-DC变换器的控制,一般大多采用模拟脉冲宽度调节控制,由于变换器属于时变非线性系统与模拟控制相比较,数字控制器可以比较容易的实现复杂的非线性控制策略,从本质上改善变换器的控制性能。目前,DSP和MCU等数字控制器的硬件技术趋于成熟,使DC-DC开关变换器的数字化控制器实现成为可能,因此基于DC-DC开关变换器的非线性本质,研究各种非线性控制策略成为电力电子研究领域的一大热点。
为了改善Boost DC-DC变换器的性能,本文提出了一种基于数字电流滞环控制方法,根据输入电压,输出电流和输出电压的采样信息及输出电压偏差反馈增益,计算出所需要的平均电感电流,并将电感电流控制在该平均电感电流的一个滞环宽度之内,当电感电流大于上阈值时PWM发生器产生低电平,当小于下阈值时PWM发生器产生高电平以此来决定对功率开关S的控制。详细分析了负载突变和启动过程中输出电压的动态响应,给出了参数选择和设计考虑。在Simulink环境下以一个具体的Boost变换器为例进行仿真实验,获得仿真数据和仿真波形。
最后以ARM7-LPC2138作为控制平台,制作了一台数字电流滞环控制的Boost DC-DC变换器,并进行了实验研究,对输入电压突变和输出负载突变时,对输出电压的影响进行了实验验证,实验结果表明所提出的数字电流滞环控制方法是可行的、所进行的理论分析是正确的,该变换器的性能达到了设计指标。
In recent years, with the rapid development of power electronic technology, the switching power supply which constructed by DC-DC converter has been applied in every field deeply. As for the switching DC-DC converter control, using analog PWM control usually. The traditional analog controller is hard to guarantee the nonlinear DC-DC converter running with an ideal control performance, comparing with the analog controller, digital controller can be easily realized the complicated nonlinear control strategy which could essentially improve the DC-DC converter controller performance. At present, the maturation of DSP hardware technology make it possible to realize digital controller for DC-DC converter, in power electronic study field, the study of nonlinear control strategy for DC-DC converter become very pop.
To improve the behavior of boost DC-DC converters, a current following control appoach is discribed. The input voltage, the output voltage and the output current are measured, based on which, and according to the gain of the feed back voltage basis, the desired averaged inductor current is worked out and the inductor current is controlled to a narrow range around it, by PWM generator outputing high and low level to control switch. The dynamic performance in case of the load changing and the starting period is deduced. The design considerations are given.
An example is given to show the parameter design steps. Experiments are made on the Boost converter based on ARM7-LPC2138. The influence on the output voltage when the input voltage and the load suddenly changes are tested. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach is feasible and the analysis is correct, the converter meets design index.
为了改善Boost DC-DC变换器的性能,本文提出了一种基于数字电流滞环控制方法,根据输入电压,输出电流和输出电压的采样信息及输出电压偏差反馈增益,计算出所需要的平均电感电流,并将电感电流控制在该平均电感电流的一个滞环宽度之内,当电感电流大于上阈值时PWM发生器产生低电平,当小于下阈值时PWM发生器产生高电平以此来决定对功率开关S的控制。详细分析了负载突变和启动过程中输出电压的动态响应,给出了参数选择和设计考虑。在Simulink环境下以一个具体的Boost变换器为例进行仿真实验,获得仿真数据和仿真波形。
最后以ARM7-LPC2138作为控制平台,制作了一台数字电流滞环控制的Boost DC-DC变换器,并进行了实验研究,对输入电压突变和输出负载突变时,对输出电压的影响进行了实验验证,实验结果表明所提出的数字电流滞环控制方法是可行的、所进行的理论分析是正确的,该变换器的性能达到了设计指标。
In recent years, with the rapid development of power electronic technology, the switching power supply which constructed by DC-DC converter has been applied in every field deeply. As for the switching DC-DC converter control, using analog PWM control usually. The traditional analog controller is hard to guarantee the nonlinear DC-DC converter running with an ideal control performance, comparing with the analog controller, digital controller can be easily realized the complicated nonlinear control strategy which could essentially improve the DC-DC converter controller performance. At present, the maturation of DSP hardware technology make it possible to realize digital controller for DC-DC converter, in power electronic study field, the study of nonlinear control strategy for DC-DC converter become very pop.
To improve the behavior of boost DC-DC converters, a current following control appoach is discribed. The input voltage, the output voltage and the output current are measured, based on which, and according to the gain of the feed back voltage basis, the desired averaged inductor current is worked out and the inductor current is controlled to a narrow range around it, by PWM generator outputing high and low level to control switch. The dynamic performance in case of the load changing and the starting period is deduced. The design considerations are given.
An example is given to show the parameter design steps. Experiments are made on the Boost converter based on ARM7-LPC2138. The influence on the output voltage when the input voltage and the load suddenly changes are tested. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach is feasible and the analysis is correct, the converter meets design index.
引文
[1]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.
[2] W.A. Tabisz and F.C. Lee. DC Analysis and Deign of Zero-Voltage-Swithed Multi-Resonant Converters. VPEC’91, 19-28.
[3] G. Hua and F.C. Lee. A New Class of Zero-Voltage-Swithed PWM Converters. VPEC’91, 193-200.
[4] Cho G, Sabate J A, Hua G,ect. ZVZCS FB PWM Converter for High-power Application. IEEE Trans.on PE’96,1996:622-628.
[5] Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V ,Ridley R B,etc Design Considerations for High-power FB ZVS PWM Converter. APEC’90 1990:275-283.
[6] Wang K, Lee F C,Boroyevich D, ect . A New quasising-stage Isolated Three-phase ZVZCS Buck PWM Rectifier. VPEV’96,1996:107-114.
[7]杨德刚,赵良炳,软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术, 1998,(2):96-101.
[8]刘真,廖力清.开关电源的控制方式综述[J].怀化学院学报,2009,28,(8):32-35.
[9]吴忠,李红,左鹏,刘伟志. DC/DC升压变换器串级控制[J].中国电机工程学报, 2002,22(1):110-115.
[10]Guo L, Hung Y J, Nelms R M. Digital Implementation of Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controllers for Boost Converters[C]. Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition , March 2006:1424-1429
[11]郭唐仕,陈锦云,林龙凤,尹华杰.低功率开关电源的新型数字控制系统[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(1):63-65.
[12]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[13]刘树林,刘健.本质安全开关变换器[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
[14]蔡宣三,龚邵文.高频功率电子学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009
[15] Fengyan Wang, Songrong Wu,Jianping Xu.Small Signal Analysis of Boost Converter Utilizing V2 Control Technique[C]. International Conference on Communications Circuits and Sytems,2002(6): 1711-1715
[16] Fengyan Wang, Songrong Wu,Jianping Xu. Modeling and Simulation of V2 Controlled Switching Converters[C]. International Conference on Communications Circuits and Systems,2003(11): 613-617
[17]王风岩.快速瞬态响应电压调节器控制方法研究[D].西南交通大学博士论文. 2005年
[18]李乔,吴捷.自抗扰控制及其在DC-DC变换器中的应用[J].电工技术学报.2005,20(1):3-88
[19] Lam H K, Leung F H F, Tam P K S. Fuzzy control of DC-DC switching converters based on TS modeling approach[C]. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1998:1052-1054.
[20] Lam H K, Lee T H, Leung F H F, Tam P K S. Fuzzy control of DC-DC switching converters: stability and robustness analysisi[C].The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2001,2:899-902.
[21] Chan H C, Chan K T, Chan C C.A Neural Network Controller for Switching Power Converters[J]. IEEE PESC,2003:887-892.
[22]张卫平编著.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2006年1月.
[23]徐九玲,谢运箱,彭军.开关电源的新技术与发展前景[J].电气时代. 2003(6):52-55.
[24]刘金馄.先进PID控制及MATLAB仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1,10,23.
[25] Sira-RamirezH,OrtegaR.Passivity-Based Controllers for the Stabilization of DC-DC Power Converters[C]. Proeeedings of the 34th IEEE Conference,1995:3471-3476.
[26]韩智玲.智能控制在DC-DC变换器中的应用[J].电源世界.2004(3):31-34.
[27] Mattavelli P, Rossetto L, Spiazzi G, Tenti P. General-purpose fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters[J], IEEE.1997,12(1):79-86.
[28]吴爱国,李际涛.DC-DC变换器控制方法研究现状[J],电力电子技术.1999,33(2):75-78
[29] Sira ramirez H, Garcia estebaba M. Dynamical adaptive pulsed-width-modulation control ofDC-DCpowerconverter:Abacksteppingapproach[J],INT.J.Control.1996,65(2):205-222
[30]朱春华,王建国. Matlab/Simulink在DC-DC变换器仿真中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2008,(18):23-25.
[31]王正林,王胜开. Matlab/Simulink与控制系统仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[32]李颖,朱伯立,张威. Simulink动态系统弄个建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[33]周立功,张华等.深入浅出ARM7-LPC231X/214X(上册)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[2] W.A. Tabisz and F.C. Lee. DC Analysis and Deign of Zero-Voltage-Swithed Multi-Resonant Converters. VPEC’91, 19-28.
[3] G. Hua and F.C. Lee. A New Class of Zero-Voltage-Swithed PWM Converters. VPEC’91, 193-200.
[4] Cho G, Sabate J A, Hua G,ect. ZVZCS FB PWM Converter for High-power Application. IEEE Trans.on PE’96,1996:622-628.
[5] Sabate J A, Vlatkovic V ,Ridley R B,etc Design Considerations for High-power FB ZVS PWM Converter. APEC’90 1990:275-283.
[6] Wang K, Lee F C,Boroyevich D, ect . A New quasising-stage Isolated Three-phase ZVZCS Buck PWM Rectifier. VPEV’96,1996:107-114.
[7]杨德刚,赵良炳,软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术, 1998,(2):96-101.
[8]刘真,廖力清.开关电源的控制方式综述[J].怀化学院学报,2009,28,(8):32-35.
[9]吴忠,李红,左鹏,刘伟志. DC/DC升压变换器串级控制[J].中国电机工程学报, 2002,22(1):110-115.
[10]Guo L, Hung Y J, Nelms R M. Digital Implementation of Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controllers for Boost Converters[C]. Conference Proceedings of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition , March 2006:1424-1429
[11]郭唐仕,陈锦云,林龙凤,尹华杰.低功率开关电源的新型数字控制系统[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(1):63-65.
[12]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[13]刘树林,刘健.本质安全开关变换器[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
[14]蔡宣三,龚邵文.高频功率电子学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009
[15] Fengyan Wang, Songrong Wu,Jianping Xu.Small Signal Analysis of Boost Converter Utilizing V2 Control Technique[C]. International Conference on Communications Circuits and Sytems,2002(6): 1711-1715
[16] Fengyan Wang, Songrong Wu,Jianping Xu. Modeling and Simulation of V2 Controlled Switching Converters[C]. International Conference on Communications Circuits and Systems,2003(11): 613-617
[17]王风岩.快速瞬态响应电压调节器控制方法研究[D].西南交通大学博士论文. 2005年
[18]李乔,吴捷.自抗扰控制及其在DC-DC变换器中的应用[J].电工技术学报.2005,20(1):3-88
[19] Lam H K, Leung F H F, Tam P K S. Fuzzy control of DC-DC switching converters based on TS modeling approach[C]. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE, 1998:1052-1054.
[20] Lam H K, Lee T H, Leung F H F, Tam P K S. Fuzzy control of DC-DC switching converters: stability and robustness analysisi[C].The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2001,2:899-902.
[21] Chan H C, Chan K T, Chan C C.A Neural Network Controller for Switching Power Converters[J]. IEEE PESC,2003:887-892.
[22]张卫平编著.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2006年1月.
[23]徐九玲,谢运箱,彭军.开关电源的新技术与发展前景[J].电气时代. 2003(6):52-55.
[24]刘金馄.先进PID控制及MATLAB仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:1,10,23.
[25] Sira-RamirezH,OrtegaR.Passivity-Based Controllers for the Stabilization of DC-DC Power Converters[C]. Proeeedings of the 34th IEEE Conference,1995:3471-3476.
[26]韩智玲.智能控制在DC-DC变换器中的应用[J].电源世界.2004(3):31-34.
[27] Mattavelli P, Rossetto L, Spiazzi G, Tenti P. General-purpose fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters[J], IEEE.1997,12(1):79-86.
[28]吴爱国,李际涛.DC-DC变换器控制方法研究现状[J],电力电子技术.1999,33(2):75-78
[29] Sira ramirez H, Garcia estebaba M. Dynamical adaptive pulsed-width-modulation control ofDC-DCpowerconverter:Abacksteppingapproach[J],INT.J.Control.1996,65(2):205-222
[30]朱春华,王建国. Matlab/Simulink在DC-DC变换器仿真中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2008,(18):23-25.
[31]王正林,王胜开. Matlab/Simulink与控制系统仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[32]李颖,朱伯立,张威. Simulink动态系统弄个建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[33]周立功,张华等.深入浅出ARM7-LPC231X/214X(上册)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.