高强冷弯薄壁型钢骨架带交叉支撑墙体抗剪性能研究
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摘要
本文对正被推广应用的高强度轻型钢结构住宅墙体的抗剪性能进行了研究。研究的墙体类型为双面无板带交叉扁钢拉条支撑墙体,钢材强度为550MPa,采用试验研究和非线性有限元分析两种方法研究墙体的抗剪性能。
文中对无竖向力水平单调加载和有竖向力低周反复加载两种加载方式下的2面交叉支撑墙体抗剪性能进行了足尺试件试验研究,详细描述了试验装置、试验现象、试验数据处理情况及试验结果。试验结果表明:此类墙体试件破坏是由于下导轨或边柱受压破坏而导致的;单调加载作用下的墙体抗剪承载力比低周反复加载作用下的高;墙体试件的抗剪强度为9.00kN/m～10.01kN/m,其抗剪强度是双面覆板墙体的60%～67%,说明此类墙体的交叉支撑对抗剪起到了很重要的作用。
文中对单调加载作用下的墙体试件进行了有限元模拟,有限元模型同时考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性,模型中各构件均选取塑性壳单元Shell 181来模拟,墙体各构件的螺钉连接采用耦合方法处理,并根据试验墙体的真实受力建立了合理的边界条件进行模型加载求解。有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性。在此基础上,对墙体立柱间距、立柱截面尺寸、交叉支撑截面尺寸、单面设置交叉支撑以及施加竖向力等影响墙体抗剪承载力的5个因素进行了参数分析。分析结果表明:立柱间距、交叉支撑截面对墙体抗剪承载力影响较小;随着立柱截面尺寸的增大,墙体抗剪承载力显著增加;随着竖向荷载值的增加,墙体抗剪承载力降低;单面设置交叉支撑墙体比双面设置交叉支撑墙体的承载力降低幅度较大。
The shear performance of high strength light steel dwelling walls being popularized and applied in our country is studied in this paper. The type of the wall studied in this paper is the wall cross-braced by the flat steel on both sides without wallboards, of which the steel strength is 550MPa. And the shear performance of the wall is studied by two methods, experimental research and nonlinear finite element analysis.
Experimental research on the shear performance of two full-size high strength cold-formed thin-walled steel framing walls with cross-bracing, under monotonic loading without vertical compression loading and cyclic loading with vertical compression loading, is carried out in this paper. And the test set-up, the test phenomena, the data processing and the test results are described detailedly. Experimental results show that the failure of the wall specimens is due to the compression failure of the bottom track or the end stud; the shear resistance of wall specimens under monotonic loading is higher than that of wall specimens under cyclic loading; the shear strength of wall specimens, 60%～67% that of walls with double boards, is between 9.00kN/m and 10.01kN/m, which shows that the flat steel cross-bracing plays an important role in the shear performance of the walls with cross-bracing.
The wall specimens under monotonic loading are simulated by the finite element program. And the material nonlinearity and the geometric nonlinearity are considered simultaneously in the finite element model, in which all members are simulated by the plastic shell element Shell 181, and the screw connections of all members are simulated by the coupling command. Moreover, the reasonable boundary conditions are established according to the test wall specimens for the loading and solution of the finite element model. And the finite element analysis results agree well with the experimental results, so the finite element model is validated. Based on the finite element model of the wall with cross-bracing, a detailed parameter analysis for five influencing factors of the shear resistance of the wall is carried out, including wall stud spacing, cross section of the wall stud, cross section of the cross-brace, setting flat steel cross-brace on one side, vertical loading and so on. And the finite element analysis results show that the wall stud spacing and the cross section of the cross-brace have little influence on the shear resistance of the wall; the shear resistance of the wall increases significantly with the increase of the cross section of the wall stud; the shear resistance of the wall decreases as the applied vertical load increases; the shear resistance of the wall setting flat steel cross-brace on one side is much lower than that of the wall setting flat steel cross-brace on both sides.
文中对无竖向力水平单调加载和有竖向力低周反复加载两种加载方式下的2面交叉支撑墙体抗剪性能进行了足尺试件试验研究,详细描述了试验装置、试验现象、试验数据处理情况及试验结果。试验结果表明:此类墙体试件破坏是由于下导轨或边柱受压破坏而导致的;单调加载作用下的墙体抗剪承载力比低周反复加载作用下的高;墙体试件的抗剪强度为9.00kN/m～10.01kN/m,其抗剪强度是双面覆板墙体的60%～67%,说明此类墙体的交叉支撑对抗剪起到了很重要的作用。
文中对单调加载作用下的墙体试件进行了有限元模拟,有限元模型同时考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性,模型中各构件均选取塑性壳单元Shell 181来模拟,墙体各构件的螺钉连接采用耦合方法处理,并根据试验墙体的真实受力建立了合理的边界条件进行模型加载求解。有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性。在此基础上,对墙体立柱间距、立柱截面尺寸、交叉支撑截面尺寸、单面设置交叉支撑以及施加竖向力等影响墙体抗剪承载力的5个因素进行了参数分析。分析结果表明:立柱间距、交叉支撑截面对墙体抗剪承载力影响较小;随着立柱截面尺寸的增大,墙体抗剪承载力显著增加;随着竖向荷载值的增加,墙体抗剪承载力降低;单面设置交叉支撑墙体比双面设置交叉支撑墙体的承载力降低幅度较大。
The shear performance of high strength light steel dwelling walls being popularized and applied in our country is studied in this paper. The type of the wall studied in this paper is the wall cross-braced by the flat steel on both sides without wallboards, of which the steel strength is 550MPa. And the shear performance of the wall is studied by two methods, experimental research and nonlinear finite element analysis.
Experimental research on the shear performance of two full-size high strength cold-formed thin-walled steel framing walls with cross-bracing, under monotonic loading without vertical compression loading and cyclic loading with vertical compression loading, is carried out in this paper. And the test set-up, the test phenomena, the data processing and the test results are described detailedly. Experimental results show that the failure of the wall specimens is due to the compression failure of the bottom track or the end stud; the shear resistance of wall specimens under monotonic loading is higher than that of wall specimens under cyclic loading; the shear strength of wall specimens, 60%～67% that of walls with double boards, is between 9.00kN/m and 10.01kN/m, which shows that the flat steel cross-bracing plays an important role in the shear performance of the walls with cross-bracing.
The wall specimens under monotonic loading are simulated by the finite element program. And the material nonlinearity and the geometric nonlinearity are considered simultaneously in the finite element model, in which all members are simulated by the plastic shell element Shell 181, and the screw connections of all members are simulated by the coupling command. Moreover, the reasonable boundary conditions are established according to the test wall specimens for the loading and solution of the finite element model. And the finite element analysis results agree well with the experimental results, so the finite element model is validated. Based on the finite element model of the wall with cross-bracing, a detailed parameter analysis for five influencing factors of the shear resistance of the wall is carried out, including wall stud spacing, cross section of the wall stud, cross section of the cross-brace, setting flat steel cross-brace on one side, vertical loading and so on. And the finite element analysis results show that the wall stud spacing and the cross section of the cross-brace have little influence on the shear resistance of the wall; the shear resistance of the wall increases significantly with the increase of the cross section of the wall stud; the shear resistance of the wall decreases as the applied vertical load increases; the shear resistance of the wall setting flat steel cross-brace on one side is much lower than that of the wall setting flat steel cross-brace on both sides.
引文
[1]陈禄如.钢结构住宅建筑将成为我国住宅的重要组成部分[J].住宅产业,2002(30).
[2]《中国建筑技术政策》(1996年-2001年)[S].
[3]国家建筑钢结构产业“十五”计划和2010年发展规划纲要[R].住宅产业,2000(9).
[4]陶忠,何保康.发展我国新型轻钢结构建筑体系[J].中国工程科学,2000(3):9-12.
[5]何保康,周天华.美国冷弯型钢结构的应用与研究情况[J].建筑结构,2001,31(8):58-59.
[6]何保康,李风,丁国良.冷弯型钢在房屋建筑中的应用与发展[J].焊管,2002,25(5):8-11.
[7]弓晓云.轻钢结构建筑的应用及发展[J].工业建筑,2000,30(5):53-57.
[8]弓晓云.浅谈轻钢结构低层住宅[J].钢结构,2001,16(6):27-29.
[9]弓晓云.国外工业化钢结构住宅应用探讨[J].工业建筑,2001,31(8):17-19.
[10]低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构装配式住宅设计规范(报批稿)[S].
[11]550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢立柱组合墙体抗剪试验研究报告[R].西安建筑科技大学和长安大学,2006.
[12]周天华,周绪红,何保康等,G550级高强薄板钢材的材性及应用[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(2):43-46.
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[14]Anton Polensek.Finite Element Analysis of Wood-Stud Walls[J].Journal of Structural Division,1976,102(7):1317-1334.
[15]John T.Easley,Mmehdi Foomani,and Robert H.Dodds.Formulas for Wood Shear Walls.Journal of Structural Division,1952,108(11):2460-2478.
[16]Serrette,R.Light Gauge Steel Shear Wall Tests[R].Department of Civil Engineering,Santa Clara University,Santa Clara,CA,1994.
[17]A.D.Barton.Performance of Steel Framed Domestic Structures Subject to Earthquake Loads[R].PHD Thesis,Department of Civil and Environment Engineering,University of Melbourne,1997.
[18]Serrette.,R.,Hall,G.,Nguyen,H.Additional Shear Wall Values for Light Weight Steel Framing[R].American Iron and Steel Institute,Washington,DC,1997.
[19]American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI).Shear Wall Design Guide[S].Publication RG-9804,1998.
[20]Tissell,J.R.Structural Panel Shear Walls[R].Report No.154,APA.Tacoma,WA,USA.1993.
[21]Gad,E.F.,Duffield,C.F.,Hutchinson,G.L.,Mansell,D.S.,Stark.G.Lateral Performance of Cold-formed Steel-framed Domestic Structures[J].Engineering Structures,Elsevier,1999,21(1).
[22]《薄板轻量形钢造建业物设计の手册引ま》[S].日本铁钢连盟编.技报堂出版.2001.
[23]Y.S.Tian,J.Wang,T.J.Lu.Racking Strength and Stiffness of Cold-formed Steel Wall Frames[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2004,60:1069-1093.
[24]郭丽峰,何保康.轻型密立柱墙体的抗剪和抗弯性能试验研究报告[R],西安建筑科技大学钢结构研究所,2003.
[25]何保康,郭丽峰等.轻钢密墙架柱墙体抗剪性能试验研究[[J].建筑结构增刊,2004:338-341.
[26]郭丽峰.轻钢密墙架柱墙体的抗剪性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[27]夏冰青.轻钢龙骨复合承载体系结构性能研究[D].南京工业大学硕士毕业论文,2003.
[28]夏冰青,董军.轻钢龙骨复合承载墙体抗侧性能的有限元分析[J].建筑结构增刊,2004:334-337.
[29]周天华,何保康.冷弯型钢立柱组合墙体及螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究报告[R].西安建筑科技大学钢结构研究所和长安大学建筑工程学院,2004.
[30]周天华,石宇,何保康等.冷弯型钢组合墙体抗剪承载力试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2006,38(1):83-88.
[31]石宇.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合墙体抗剪承载力研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[32]周绪红,石宇,周天华,狄瑾.冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合墙体受剪性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(3):42-47.
[33]张雪姣.轻钢龙骨体系住宅抗震性能研究[D].南京工业大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[34]聂少锋.冷弯型钢立柱组合墙体抗剪承载力简化计算方法研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文.2006.
[35]American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI).Standard for Cold-formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].AISI/COS/PMPM2001.
[36]AISI.Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].American Iron and Steel Institute,2003.
[37]NAHB Research Center.Monotonic Tests of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls with Openings[R].Copyright 1997 by American Iron and Steel Institute.
[38]AISI.Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Lateral Design[S].2004.
[39]AISI.Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Lateral Design[S].2004.
[40]GB/T228-2002 金属材料.室温拉伸试验方法[S].
[41]姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验.上海:同济大学出版社.1996
[42]JGJ 101-96 建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].
[43]GB 50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[44]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[45]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003.
[46]D.R.J.欧文,E.辛顿.塑性力学有限元-理论与应用[M].曾国平等译.北京:兵器工业出版社,1989.
[47]李皓月,周田鹏等.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].中国铁道出版社,2003.
[48]龚曙光主编.ANSYS基础应用及范例分析[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[49]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2006.
[2]《中国建筑技术政策》(1996年-2001年)[S].
[3]国家建筑钢结构产业“十五”计划和2010年发展规划纲要[R].住宅产业,2000(9).
[4]陶忠,何保康.发展我国新型轻钢结构建筑体系[J].中国工程科学,2000(3):9-12.
[5]何保康,周天华.美国冷弯型钢结构的应用与研究情况[J].建筑结构,2001,31(8):58-59.
[6]何保康,李风,丁国良.冷弯型钢在房屋建筑中的应用与发展[J].焊管,2002,25(5):8-11.
[7]弓晓云.轻钢结构建筑的应用及发展[J].工业建筑,2000,30(5):53-57.
[8]弓晓云.浅谈轻钢结构低层住宅[J].钢结构,2001,16(6):27-29.
[9]弓晓云.国外工业化钢结构住宅应用探讨[J].工业建筑,2001,31(8):17-19.
[10]低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构装配式住宅设计规范(报批稿)[S].
[11]550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢立柱组合墙体抗剪试验研究报告[R].西安建筑科技大学和长安大学,2006.
[12]周天华,周绪红,何保康等,G550级高强薄板钢材的材性及应用[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(2):43-46.
[13]GB50018-2002冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范[S].中国计划出版社,2002.
[14]Anton Polensek.Finite Element Analysis of Wood-Stud Walls[J].Journal of Structural Division,1976,102(7):1317-1334.
[15]John T.Easley,Mmehdi Foomani,and Robert H.Dodds.Formulas for Wood Shear Walls.Journal of Structural Division,1952,108(11):2460-2478.
[16]Serrette,R.Light Gauge Steel Shear Wall Tests[R].Department of Civil Engineering,Santa Clara University,Santa Clara,CA,1994.
[17]A.D.Barton.Performance of Steel Framed Domestic Structures Subject to Earthquake Loads[R].PHD Thesis,Department of Civil and Environment Engineering,University of Melbourne,1997.
[18]Serrette.,R.,Hall,G.,Nguyen,H.Additional Shear Wall Values for Light Weight Steel Framing[R].American Iron and Steel Institute,Washington,DC,1997.
[19]American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI).Shear Wall Design Guide[S].Publication RG-9804,1998.
[20]Tissell,J.R.Structural Panel Shear Walls[R].Report No.154,APA.Tacoma,WA,USA.1993.
[21]Gad,E.F.,Duffield,C.F.,Hutchinson,G.L.,Mansell,D.S.,Stark.G.Lateral Performance of Cold-formed Steel-framed Domestic Structures[J].Engineering Structures,Elsevier,1999,21(1).
[22]《薄板轻量形钢造建业物设计の手册引ま》[S].日本铁钢连盟编.技报堂出版.2001.
[23]Y.S.Tian,J.Wang,T.J.Lu.Racking Strength and Stiffness of Cold-formed Steel Wall Frames[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2004,60:1069-1093.
[24]郭丽峰,何保康.轻型密立柱墙体的抗剪和抗弯性能试验研究报告[R],西安建筑科技大学钢结构研究所,2003.
[25]何保康,郭丽峰等.轻钢密墙架柱墙体抗剪性能试验研究[[J].建筑结构增刊,2004:338-341.
[26]郭丽峰.轻钢密墙架柱墙体的抗剪性能研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[27]夏冰青.轻钢龙骨复合承载体系结构性能研究[D].南京工业大学硕士毕业论文,2003.
[28]夏冰青,董军.轻钢龙骨复合承载墙体抗侧性能的有限元分析[J].建筑结构增刊,2004:334-337.
[29]周天华,何保康.冷弯型钢立柱组合墙体及螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究报告[R].西安建筑科技大学钢结构研究所和长安大学建筑工程学院,2004.
[30]周天华,石宇,何保康等.冷弯型钢组合墙体抗剪承载力试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2006,38(1):83-88.
[31]石宇.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合墙体抗剪承载力研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[32]周绪红,石宇,周天华,狄瑾.冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合墙体受剪性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(3):42-47.
[33]张雪姣.轻钢龙骨体系住宅抗震性能研究[D].南京工业大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[34]聂少锋.冷弯型钢立柱组合墙体抗剪承载力简化计算方法研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文.2006.
[35]American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI).Standard for Cold-formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].AISI/COS/PMPM2001.
[36]AISI.Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].American Iron and Steel Institute,2003.
[37]NAHB Research Center.Monotonic Tests of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls with Openings[R].Copyright 1997 by American Iron and Steel Institute.
[38]AISI.Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Lateral Design[S].2004.
[39]AISI.Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Lateral Design[S].2004.
[40]GB/T228-2002 金属材料.室温拉伸试验方法[S].
[41]姚振纲,刘祖华.建筑结构试验.上海:同济大学出版社.1996
[42]JGJ 101-96 建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].
[43]GB 50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[44]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[45]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003.
[46]D.R.J.欧文,E.辛顿.塑性力学有限元-理论与应用[M].曾国平等译.北京:兵器工业出版社,1989.
[47]李皓月,周田鹏等.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].中国铁道出版社,2003.
[48]龚曙光主编.ANSYS基础应用及范例分析[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[49]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,2006.