自混合干涉测速技术研究
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摘要
本文阐述了激光自混合干涉测速技术的研究背景和意义,综述了国内外自混合干涉测速技术的研究现状,以建立完善的自混合干涉测速系统为目的,进行了深入、广泛的理论研究和实验研究。
在理论上,运用Doppler效应,复合腔理论,建立了自混合干涉的数学模型,研究了自混合干涉测速的基本原理,对自混合干涉测速上限问题进行了详实的讨论,对信号调制深度进行了分析,数值模拟研究了光纤耦合系统各个参数对自混合信号波形的影响。
设计了自由空间自混合干涉和全光纤自混合散斑干涉两套实验系统。重点研究了光纤传光、自聚焦透镜收集反馈光的全光纤自混合散斑干涉系统的可行性,建立了自聚焦透镜收集效率的模型,并进行了收集效率的实验研究,从理论上证明了全光纤自混合散斑干涉的可行性。
开展了信号处理研究。研究了信号的消噪与归一化处理;通过分析自混合干涉信号的特征,提出采用时频分析技术处理自混合干涉信号,进行了相应的数值模拟研究;理论上得到了位移信息重构的解析解,提出了积分速度曲线获得位移的数值方法。对比研究了自混合散斑干涉信号处理的计数法和自相关法,最后采用简单的计数法来处理自混合散斑信号。
搭建了自由空间自混合干涉和全光纤自混合散斑干涉两套实验系统,进行了实验研究,获得了较好的实验信号,最后给出了实验结果。
In this dissertation, the background and the significance of self-mixing interference velocity measurement technique are introduced. The state of the self-mixing interference velocity measurement is reviewed. In order to construct the perfect technique for this measurement, the theoretical analysis and the experimental research are extensively and deeply studied.
In theory, the model of self-mixing interference has been build based on the Doppler effects and the compound cavity theory. The principle of self-mixing velocity measurement bas been studied, the problem of upper limit has been discussed carefully, the depth of modulation has been analyzed. At last, the parameters of the fiber-coupled self-mixing interference system how to influence the waveform of self-mixing interference signal have been simulated.
The systems of free-space self-mixing interference and all-fiber speckle self-mixing interference have been designed. We put stress on the study of the feasibility using fiber to transmit light and using self-focus lens to collect feedback light. Firstly, we build the model of self-focus lens, and then, we study the collection efficiency of the self-focus lens how to change with radius and working distance, at last, the experiments of collection efficiency have been done. The feasibility of using fiber to transmit light and using self-focus lens to collect feedback light is theoretically proved.
The signal processing has been studied. These researches include how to normalize the self-mixing interference signal, how to acquire the velocity from the self-mixing interference signal, and how to acquire the displacement. At last, we compare threshold method and auto-correlation method which are used to process the self-mixing speckle interference signal. At last, we adopt the threshold method to process the self-mixing speckle interference signal.
The systems of free-space self-mixing interference and all-fiber speckle self-mixing interference have been constructed, the experiments have been carried through, the ideal signals have been acquired, and at last, the experimental results are given.
在理论上,运用Doppler效应,复合腔理论,建立了自混合干涉的数学模型,研究了自混合干涉测速的基本原理,对自混合干涉测速上限问题进行了详实的讨论,对信号调制深度进行了分析,数值模拟研究了光纤耦合系统各个参数对自混合信号波形的影响。
设计了自由空间自混合干涉和全光纤自混合散斑干涉两套实验系统。重点研究了光纤传光、自聚焦透镜收集反馈光的全光纤自混合散斑干涉系统的可行性,建立了自聚焦透镜收集效率的模型,并进行了收集效率的实验研究,从理论上证明了全光纤自混合散斑干涉的可行性。
开展了信号处理研究。研究了信号的消噪与归一化处理;通过分析自混合干涉信号的特征,提出采用时频分析技术处理自混合干涉信号,进行了相应的数值模拟研究;理论上得到了位移信息重构的解析解,提出了积分速度曲线获得位移的数值方法。对比研究了自混合散斑干涉信号处理的计数法和自相关法,最后采用简单的计数法来处理自混合散斑信号。
搭建了自由空间自混合干涉和全光纤自混合散斑干涉两套实验系统,进行了实验研究,获得了较好的实验信号,最后给出了实验结果。
In this dissertation, the background and the significance of self-mixing interference velocity measurement technique are introduced. The state of the self-mixing interference velocity measurement is reviewed. In order to construct the perfect technique for this measurement, the theoretical analysis and the experimental research are extensively and deeply studied.
In theory, the model of self-mixing interference has been build based on the Doppler effects and the compound cavity theory. The principle of self-mixing velocity measurement bas been studied, the problem of upper limit has been discussed carefully, the depth of modulation has been analyzed. At last, the parameters of the fiber-coupled self-mixing interference system how to influence the waveform of self-mixing interference signal have been simulated.
The systems of free-space self-mixing interference and all-fiber speckle self-mixing interference have been designed. We put stress on the study of the feasibility using fiber to transmit light and using self-focus lens to collect feedback light. Firstly, we build the model of self-focus lens, and then, we study the collection efficiency of the self-focus lens how to change with radius and working distance, at last, the experiments of collection efficiency have been done. The feasibility of using fiber to transmit light and using self-focus lens to collect feedback light is theoretically proved.
The signal processing has been studied. These researches include how to normalize the self-mixing interference signal, how to acquire the velocity from the self-mixing interference signal, and how to acquire the displacement. At last, we compare threshold method and auto-correlation method which are used to process the self-mixing speckle interference signal. At last, we adopt the threshold method to process the self-mixing speckle interference signal.
The systems of free-space self-mixing interference and all-fiber speckle self-mixing interference have been constructed, the experiments have been carried through, the ideal signals have been acquired, and at last, the experimental results are given.
引文
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2. L. Goldberg, Henry F. Taylor and Anthony Dandridge et al. Spectral characteristics of semiconductor laser with optical feedback[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1982,18(6):555～563.
3. Meziane, B., Sanchez, F. et al. Optical feedback effects in Nd-doped fiber lasers with broadband spectra[J]. Applied Optics, 1996, 35(12):2016-2022.
4. B. Tromborg, J. Mork. Nonlinear injection locking dynamics and the onset of coherence collapse in external cavity lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1990, 26(4):642～654.
5. J. Sacher, W. Elsasser, E. Gobel. Intermittency in the coherence collapse of a semiconductor laser with external feedback[J]. Physics Review of Letters, 1989, 63(20): 2224-2227.
6. Noriyuki Kikuchi. Chaos control and noise suppression in external cavity semiconductor lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1997, 33(1):57～65.
7. Hua Li, Jun Ye, John G. Mcinerney. Detailed analysis of coherence collapse in semiconductor lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1993, 29(9): 2421-2431.
8. D. Lenstra, B. H. Verbeek and A. J. Denoef. Coherence collapse in single mode semiconductor laser due to optical feedback[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1985, 21(6): 674-679.
9. Masahiko Fujiwara, Keichi Kubota, Roy Long. Low-frequency intensity fluctuation in laser diode with external optical feedback[J]. Applied Physics Letter, 1981, 38(4):217-220.
10. Gerard A. Acket, Daan Lenstra, Arie J. Den Boef et al. The influence of feedback intensity on longitudinal mode properties and optical noise in index-guided semiconductor lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1984,20(10): 1163-1169.
11. Osamu Hirota, Yasuharu Suematsu. Noise properties of injection lasers due to reflected waves[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1979,15(3): 142-149.
12. H. Yasaka, Y. Yoshikuni, H. Kawaguchi. FM noise and spectral line width reduction by incoherent optical negative feedback[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1991, 27(2): 193-204.
13. P. G. R. King. Metrology with an optical maser[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1963, No. 17:180-182.
14. Lorenzo Scalise, Nicola Paone. Laser Doppler vibrometry based on self-mixing effect[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2002, 38(3-4):173～184.
15. James. H. Churnside. Laser Doppler velocimetry by modulating a CO_2 laser with backscattered light[J]. Applied Optics, 1984, 23(1):61～66.
16. Acket G, Lenstra D et al. The influence of feedback intensity on longitudinal mode properties and optical noise in index-guide semiconductor lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1984, 20(10):1163-1169.
17. Edson T Shimizu. Directional discrimination in the self-mixing type laser Doppler velocimetry [J]. Applied Optics, 1987, 26(2):4541-4544.
18. He Deyong, Xu Jun, Gui Huaqiao. The direction discrimination of single mode VCSEL self-mixing laser Doppler velocimeter using automatic tracking triangular wave modulation[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2005, Vol.5644: 529-532.
19. Thierry Bosch, Novel Servagent. The self-mixing interference inside a laser diode: Application to displacement, velocity and distance measurement[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, Vol.3478:98～108.
20. Yu Yanguang, Yao Jianquan. View for the development of theory on the self-mixing interference and general model of the displacement measurement[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2002, Vol.4919:235-241.
21. Katsuhiko Hara, Shigenobu Shinohara. New digital vibrometer with high accuracy using self-mixing type LDV[J]. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 1997, Vol.2:860-864.
22. Kenju Otsuka, Kazutaka Abe, Natsumi Sano et al. Two-channel self-mixing laser Doppler measurement with carrier-frequency-division multiplexing[J]. Applied Optics, 2005, 44(9): 1709-1714.
23. Guo Dongmei, Wang Ming. A new self-mixing interferometer for micro-displacement reconstruction[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2006, Vol.6341:634123-1-6341123-5.
24. J. B. Gerardo and J. T. Verdeyen. Plasma refractive index by a laser phase measurement[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1963, 3(7): 121-123.
25. J. B. Gerardo, J. T. Verdeyen, M. A. Gusinow. High-frequency laser interferometry in plasma diagnostics[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1965, 36(7):2146-2151.
26. D. E. T. F. Ashby, D. F .Jephcott, A. Malein and F. A. Raynor. Performance of the He-Ne gas laser as an interferometer for measuring plasma density[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1965, 36(1 ):29～34.
27. T. R. Lawrence, D. J. Wilson and C. E. Craven. A laser velocimeter for remote wind sensing[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1972, 43(3):512-518.
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