辣椒新品种驻椒14的选育及配套栽培技术研究
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摘要
从1997年开始我们在纱网棚条件下对自选的10份辣椒材料和从国内外引入的40余份辣椒材料进行田间自然抗病性、早熟性、低温弱光耐受性及综合农艺性状调查,从中选出8份优良材料,采用露地扣纱网棚种植和保护地内加代繁殖等方法进行自交纯化,并进行苗期人工接种鉴定,获得8个稳定自交系。2000年采用半轮配法配制杂交组合,进行配合力测定和强优势组合选配试验。初选出4个优势较强、产量较高、农艺性状优良的组合进一步试验,最终选育出优势最强的组合2002-08F1。其母本驻03是河南地方品种124牛角椒经多代自交选育出的优良自交系,早熟性好,生长势较强,分枝性强,坐果率高,始花节位第8-9节,果实深绿色,牛角形,果面光滑,纵径14.0cm,肩横径3.5cm,果肉厚0.25cm,平均单果质量38.7g,抗病毒病,配合力高。父本驻07是内蒙古多年种植的茄门甜椒经多代自交选育出的优良自交系,生长势强,始花节位第5-6节,极早熟,果实灯笼形,果型大,绿色,纵径8.4cm,肩横径7.6cm,果肉厚0.63cm,平均单果质量103.5g。2002-2003年进行品种比较试验,2004-2005年进行河南省区域试验,2005年进行河南省生产试验,表现较好,定名为驻椒14。
驻椒14品种属早熟类型,定植至始收45d(天)左右。植株生长势中等,株高60.0cm,株幅54.8cm,始花节位第6-7节。果实深绿色,粗牛角形,果面光滑,3-4心室,纵径13.8cm,肩横径5.2cm,果肉厚0.3cm,平均单果质量80g,辣味浓。驻椒14具有以下显著特点:(1)产量高。两年区试平均总产量为3128.0kg/667m2,比对照汴椒1号增产8.2%。(2)抗病性好。在田间自然发病下,驻椒14对病毒病、炭疽病、疫病的抗性明显优于对照汴椒1号。(3)品质优。经农业部农产品质量监督检验测试中心(郑州)对其Vc、可溶性糖等指标进行检测。驻椒14每100g鲜果含Vc 162mg、可溶性糖3.2%,且果肉质脆,适合鲜食。
驻椒14适宜于保护地及早春露地栽培,以早春塑料大棚种植投入产出比最高。在河南地区早春塑料大棚种植以11月中旬-12月上旬播种,翌年3月20日前后定植最为适宜,苗龄100-120d(天)。育苗前期注意防寒保暖,3-4叶期分1次苗。定植前施足有机肥,采用小高畦覆膜栽培,株距30-35cm,行距50-55cm,定植数以4000穴/667m2,每穴定植2株为宜。定植前10-15天扣棚,扣棚后药剂熏棚,可有效防治辣椒炭疽病等病害。定植后加强中耕除草及肥水管理,促进秧苗早发棵、早封垄,提早开花坐果,提高产量。结果期追肥2-3次,并补施钾肥,促进果实膨大。及时防治病虫害,适时采收。
We have been investigating field natural resistance disease, early maturity, low temperature and weak light tolerability, comprehensive agronomic traits of self-selective 10 capsicum germplasm and 40 capsicum materials introducing form China and abroad in gauze house, selected 8 fine capsicum materials were doing self-cross purification and manual inoculation identification at seedling stage using covering gauze house planting in field and generation-adding propagation in protecting land, and attainned 8 stable inbred lines since 1997. Mating cross combination using half shifting mating, doing determination of combining ability and mating of strong superiority crosses experiments, in 2000, we selected 4 fine combinations of stronger advantage, higher yield and excellent agronomic traits, and then went on experiment; at last, select the most dominant combination F12002-08. The F12002-08’s female parent, zhu 03, is a fine inbred line which is selected by multigeneration self-crossing from 124 oxhorn shape hot pepper, Henan local cultivation. And it is excellent early maturity, stronger growth potential, strong ramification and high fruit-setting rate. Its first flower node is 8-9 . Its fruit is deep green, oxhorn shape, smooth, vertical length 14.0cm, shoulder diameter 3.5cm, flesh thickness 0.25cm and average mass per fruit 38.7g. It is resistance virus disease and has higer combining ability. The 2002-08F1‘s male parent, zhu 07, is a fine inbred line which are selected by multigeneration self-crossing from qiemen sweet pepper, which are cultured in inner mongolia for years. And it has strong growth potential. Its first flower node is 5-6. It is extremely early maturity. Its fruit is big, green, lantern shape, vertical length 8.4cm, shoulder diameter 7.6cm, flesh thickness 0.63 cm and average mass per fruit 103.5g. The 2002-08 F1 is good in Henan region experiment in 2004-2005 and in productive experiment in 2005, so the 2002-08 F1 are named zhujiao 14.
The new cultival zhujiao 14 is early mature. It needs 45d from plant to first harvest. It has medium growth potential. Height of plant is 60.0cm, width of plant is 54.8cm, and first flower node is 6-7. Its fruit is deep green, thick oxhorn shape, smooth, ventricles 3-4, vertical length 13.8 cm, shoulder diameter 5.2 cm, flesh thickness 0.3 cm and average mass per fruit 80 g, strong hot. Zhujiao 14 has the following characteristics: (1) High yield. Its average total output is 3128.0kg/667m2 in region experiment for 2 years. The production increases 8.2 % than the contrast. (2) Strong disease resistance. In field naturely occurring disease conditions, zhujiao 14 showes strong disease resistance than the contrast luojiao 1 in the virus disease, anthracnose and Phytophthora Blight. (3) Good quality. Detected to Vc and soluble sugar by The department of agriculture products quality superviser and test center (ZhengZhou), zhujiao 14 per 100g fresh fruit have Vc162 mg, soluble sugar 3.2 %. Fruit flesh is fragile, and adapt to direct eatting.
Zhujiao 14 adapt to culture in protected land and in spring open field. That It is cultivated in early spring plastic house has the highest input output ratio. In early spring plastic house in henan area, it is seeded during middle november to early december. And that it is planted about in next year’s 20 march is optimum, whose seedling age is 100-120 d. we need pay attention to cold protection and thermal protection in early seedling stage and transplant seedling one time. We should apply sufficiently oganic fertilizer before setting in field, and use the higher bed culture of plastic film mulching. It is plant that spacing in the rows is 20 cm, row spacing is 50-55 cm, and plant numbers is 4000 plants/667 m2, 2 plants per hole. We need cover plastic film before plant about 10-15d, and use medicament to fumigate house after covering plastic film, which can prevent disease of pepper anthracnose etc. After plant, we need intensify cultivating and weeding, and fertilizer and water management to promote seedling to grow early and close ridges early, and flowering and fruiting ahead of time, yield increase. During fruiting, we need topdressing 2-3 times and add potassium fertilizer application to promote fruit expansion. During culture, we should prevent pest and diseases, and harvest in time.
驻椒14品种属早熟类型,定植至始收45d(天)左右。植株生长势中等,株高60.0cm,株幅54.8cm,始花节位第6-7节。果实深绿色,粗牛角形,果面光滑,3-4心室,纵径13.8cm,肩横径5.2cm,果肉厚0.3cm,平均单果质量80g,辣味浓。驻椒14具有以下显著特点:(1)产量高。两年区试平均总产量为3128.0kg/667m2,比对照汴椒1号增产8.2%。(2)抗病性好。在田间自然发病下,驻椒14对病毒病、炭疽病、疫病的抗性明显优于对照汴椒1号。(3)品质优。经农业部农产品质量监督检验测试中心(郑州)对其Vc、可溶性糖等指标进行检测。驻椒14每100g鲜果含Vc 162mg、可溶性糖3.2%,且果肉质脆,适合鲜食。
驻椒14适宜于保护地及早春露地栽培,以早春塑料大棚种植投入产出比最高。在河南地区早春塑料大棚种植以11月中旬-12月上旬播种,翌年3月20日前后定植最为适宜,苗龄100-120d(天)。育苗前期注意防寒保暖,3-4叶期分1次苗。定植前施足有机肥,采用小高畦覆膜栽培,株距30-35cm,行距50-55cm,定植数以4000穴/667m2,每穴定植2株为宜。定植前10-15天扣棚,扣棚后药剂熏棚,可有效防治辣椒炭疽病等病害。定植后加强中耕除草及肥水管理,促进秧苗早发棵、早封垄,提早开花坐果,提高产量。结果期追肥2-3次,并补施钾肥,促进果实膨大。及时防治病虫害,适时采收。
We have been investigating field natural resistance disease, early maturity, low temperature and weak light tolerability, comprehensive agronomic traits of self-selective 10 capsicum germplasm and 40 capsicum materials introducing form China and abroad in gauze house, selected 8 fine capsicum materials were doing self-cross purification and manual inoculation identification at seedling stage using covering gauze house planting in field and generation-adding propagation in protecting land, and attainned 8 stable inbred lines since 1997. Mating cross combination using half shifting mating, doing determination of combining ability and mating of strong superiority crosses experiments, in 2000, we selected 4 fine combinations of stronger advantage, higher yield and excellent agronomic traits, and then went on experiment; at last, select the most dominant combination F12002-08. The F12002-08’s female parent, zhu 03, is a fine inbred line which is selected by multigeneration self-crossing from 124 oxhorn shape hot pepper, Henan local cultivation. And it is excellent early maturity, stronger growth potential, strong ramification and high fruit-setting rate. Its first flower node is 8-9 . Its fruit is deep green, oxhorn shape, smooth, vertical length 14.0cm, shoulder diameter 3.5cm, flesh thickness 0.25cm and average mass per fruit 38.7g. It is resistance virus disease and has higer combining ability. The 2002-08F1‘s male parent, zhu 07, is a fine inbred line which are selected by multigeneration self-crossing from qiemen sweet pepper, which are cultured in inner mongolia for years. And it has strong growth potential. Its first flower node is 5-6. It is extremely early maturity. Its fruit is big, green, lantern shape, vertical length 8.4cm, shoulder diameter 7.6cm, flesh thickness 0.63 cm and average mass per fruit 103.5g. The 2002-08 F1 is good in Henan region experiment in 2004-2005 and in productive experiment in 2005, so the 2002-08 F1 are named zhujiao 14.
The new cultival zhujiao 14 is early mature. It needs 45d from plant to first harvest. It has medium growth potential. Height of plant is 60.0cm, width of plant is 54.8cm, and first flower node is 6-7. Its fruit is deep green, thick oxhorn shape, smooth, ventricles 3-4, vertical length 13.8 cm, shoulder diameter 5.2 cm, flesh thickness 0.3 cm and average mass per fruit 80 g, strong hot. Zhujiao 14 has the following characteristics: (1) High yield. Its average total output is 3128.0kg/667m2 in region experiment for 2 years. The production increases 8.2 % than the contrast. (2) Strong disease resistance. In field naturely occurring disease conditions, zhujiao 14 showes strong disease resistance than the contrast luojiao 1 in the virus disease, anthracnose and Phytophthora Blight. (3) Good quality. Detected to Vc and soluble sugar by The department of agriculture products quality superviser and test center (ZhengZhou), zhujiao 14 per 100g fresh fruit have Vc162 mg, soluble sugar 3.2 %. Fruit flesh is fragile, and adapt to direct eatting.
Zhujiao 14 adapt to culture in protected land and in spring open field. That It is cultivated in early spring plastic house has the highest input output ratio. In early spring plastic house in henan area, it is seeded during middle november to early december. And that it is planted about in next year’s 20 march is optimum, whose seedling age is 100-120 d. we need pay attention to cold protection and thermal protection in early seedling stage and transplant seedling one time. We should apply sufficiently oganic fertilizer before setting in field, and use the higher bed culture of plastic film mulching. It is plant that spacing in the rows is 20 cm, row spacing is 50-55 cm, and plant numbers is 4000 plants/667 m2, 2 plants per hole. We need cover plastic film before plant about 10-15d, and use medicament to fumigate house after covering plastic film, which can prevent disease of pepper anthracnose etc. After plant, we need intensify cultivating and weeding, and fertilizer and water management to promote seedling to grow early and close ridges early, and flowering and fruiting ahead of time, yield increase. During fruiting, we need topdressing 2-3 times and add potassium fertilizer application to promote fruit expansion. During culture, we should prevent pest and diseases, and harvest in time.
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