陕西省小麦黄矮病抗病性调查及流行种群检测
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摘要
小麦黄矮病是由蚜虫传播的大麦黄矮病毒( Barley yellow dwarf virus,BYDV)引起的小麦病毒病害之一,一旦发病很难防治。我国于1960年在陕西、甘肃的小麦上首先发现,随后该病开始大范围蔓延,1987年仅陕西和甘肃两省即损失5亿多kg,目前该病主要分布在西北、华北、东北、华中、西南及华东等冬麦区、春麦区和冬春麦混种区,造成小麦严重减产。
选用抗耐病品种是防治小麦黄矮病的最经济和有效的途径和方法,20世纪70到80年代国内外学者对小麦黄矮病抗性品种筛选方面都做了较为详细的研究,但一直没有找到理想的抗源材料。随着小麦品种资源的更新换代,对当前我国各地的大面积种植小麦品种及种质资源进行BYDV抗病性调查,发现抗病或感病品种资源,对指导各地小麦生产和室内BYDV的抗性基因分离与鉴定将有重要意义。
本人在2007-2009年间利用条播法调查了当前主栽小麦品种对小麦黄矮病的自然抗病性,利用人工接种的方式进行发病率的变化调查。同时,为明确当前BYDV种群的流行状况,我们建立可同时检测BYDV三种种群GAV、GPV及PAV的多重PCR体系,利用该体系检测了杨凌地区的8个田间自然发病样品。试验结果发现:
1、不同年份间的发病率差异大,2007年BYDV发病率高达86.5%,2008年和2009年发病率较低,分别为10.6%和14.0%;
2、2009年在自然发病的基础上进行人工接种鉴定,发现BYDV的品种发病率较自然发病率升高43.7%,而已感病品种的发病率变化不大;
3、小冰麦、豫麦34等小麦品种部分病株前期发病级别分别达到5、6级,后期级别分别降至2、0级,表现出恢复现象;
4、小偃6号、小偃54、小偃597等小偃品系发病率高,2009年人工接种后小偃品系发病率高达总调查品种资源数(157种)的13.5%;而秦丰148、西农402、陕715、西农979四个品种连续三年表现出较好的抗病性。
5、杨凌地区BYDV混合感染现象严重,PAV发病率占所采标样的1/4;多重PCR检测体系稳定可靠,可用于混合种群的检测。
Barley yellow dwarf disease is caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus,in short BYDV.It was difficult for its control at present.It was first found in the wheat of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces,followed by a large-scale spread and result in a lost of more than 500 million kg in 1987.Now the disease is mainly distributed in the winter wheat region, spring wheat region and their hybrid zone of Northwest China,North China,Northeast China,Central China,Southwest China and East China, causing a serious cut.
Selecting resistant varieties is the most economical and valid method for preventing and controlling BYDV, scholars at home and abroad had done many detailed research for the screening of BYDV-resistant wheat varieties since 70 to 80 years of the 20th century, but had not found any ideal BYDV-resistant materials. Therefore, make identification and investigation about resistance to BYDV among domestic existing varieties and germplasm resources becomes quite necessary.
In 2007-2009, we investigated the natural rsistance to BYDV and the change of morbidity with the methord of strip cropping and artificial inoculation respectively about different varieties of wheat from Shaanxi. Simultaneously, in order to determinate the prevalent population of BYDV in the field of Yangling in Shaanxi province, A multiplex PCR system was stablished for simultaneous detection of BYDV population-GPV, GAV and PAV, eight samples from Yangling infected by BYDV were verified with the multiplex PCR system. We have following results:
i. The incidence rate was different year by year.The morbidity of 2009 reached up to 86.5%, while it reduced to 10.6% and 14.0% in 2008 and 2009 respectively.
ii. We did a second survey and found the morbidity increased largely while it changed little in some varieties been infected after artificial inoculation.
iii. Several varieties such as Xiaobingmai and Yumai34 showed a recovery phenomenon, disease degrees of some of their diseased plants reduced from 5、6 to 2、0 at early and late stages respectively.
iv. Qinfeng148, Xinong402, Shan715 and Xinong979 showed resistance to BYDV in successive 3 years while several varieties of Xiaoyan such as Xiaoyan6, Xiaoyan54, Xiaoyan597 showed high susceptibility, the morbidity of Xiaoyan after artificial inoculation account for 13.5% of all the 157 varieties.
v. The phenomenon of mixed infection was heavy. The incidence of PAV was 25% in 8 diseased samples. Measured results indicated that our multiplex PCR system was stable and reliable for simultaneous detection of BYDV population.
选用抗耐病品种是防治小麦黄矮病的最经济和有效的途径和方法,20世纪70到80年代国内外学者对小麦黄矮病抗性品种筛选方面都做了较为详细的研究,但一直没有找到理想的抗源材料。随着小麦品种资源的更新换代,对当前我国各地的大面积种植小麦品种及种质资源进行BYDV抗病性调查,发现抗病或感病品种资源,对指导各地小麦生产和室内BYDV的抗性基因分离与鉴定将有重要意义。
本人在2007-2009年间利用条播法调查了当前主栽小麦品种对小麦黄矮病的自然抗病性,利用人工接种的方式进行发病率的变化调查。同时,为明确当前BYDV种群的流行状况,我们建立可同时检测BYDV三种种群GAV、GPV及PAV的多重PCR体系,利用该体系检测了杨凌地区的8个田间自然发病样品。试验结果发现:
1、不同年份间的发病率差异大,2007年BYDV发病率高达86.5%,2008年和2009年发病率较低,分别为10.6%和14.0%;
2、2009年在自然发病的基础上进行人工接种鉴定,发现BYDV的品种发病率较自然发病率升高43.7%,而已感病品种的发病率变化不大;
3、小冰麦、豫麦34等小麦品种部分病株前期发病级别分别达到5、6级,后期级别分别降至2、0级,表现出恢复现象;
4、小偃6号、小偃54、小偃597等小偃品系发病率高,2009年人工接种后小偃品系发病率高达总调查品种资源数(157种)的13.5%;而秦丰148、西农402、陕715、西农979四个品种连续三年表现出较好的抗病性。
5、杨凌地区BYDV混合感染现象严重,PAV发病率占所采标样的1/4;多重PCR检测体系稳定可靠,可用于混合种群的检测。
Barley yellow dwarf disease is caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus,in short BYDV.It was difficult for its control at present.It was first found in the wheat of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces,followed by a large-scale spread and result in a lost of more than 500 million kg in 1987.Now the disease is mainly distributed in the winter wheat region, spring wheat region and their hybrid zone of Northwest China,North China,Northeast China,Central China,Southwest China and East China, causing a serious cut.
Selecting resistant varieties is the most economical and valid method for preventing and controlling BYDV, scholars at home and abroad had done many detailed research for the screening of BYDV-resistant wheat varieties since 70 to 80 years of the 20th century, but had not found any ideal BYDV-resistant materials. Therefore, make identification and investigation about resistance to BYDV among domestic existing varieties and germplasm resources becomes quite necessary.
In 2007-2009, we investigated the natural rsistance to BYDV and the change of morbidity with the methord of strip cropping and artificial inoculation respectively about different varieties of wheat from Shaanxi. Simultaneously, in order to determinate the prevalent population of BYDV in the field of Yangling in Shaanxi province, A multiplex PCR system was stablished for simultaneous detection of BYDV population-GPV, GAV and PAV, eight samples from Yangling infected by BYDV were verified with the multiplex PCR system. We have following results:
i. The incidence rate was different year by year.The morbidity of 2009 reached up to 86.5%, while it reduced to 10.6% and 14.0% in 2008 and 2009 respectively.
ii. We did a second survey and found the morbidity increased largely while it changed little in some varieties been infected after artificial inoculation.
iii. Several varieties such as Xiaobingmai and Yumai34 showed a recovery phenomenon, disease degrees of some of their diseased plants reduced from 5、6 to 2、0 at early and late stages respectively.
iv. Qinfeng148, Xinong402, Shan715 and Xinong979 showed resistance to BYDV in successive 3 years while several varieties of Xiaoyan such as Xiaoyan6, Xiaoyan54, Xiaoyan597 showed high susceptibility, the morbidity of Xiaoyan after artificial inoculation account for 13.5% of all the 157 varieties.
v. The phenomenon of mixed infection was heavy. The incidence of PAV was 25% in 8 diseased samples. Measured results indicated that our multiplex PCR system was stable and reliable for simultaneous detection of BYDV population.
引文
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