缙云山风灾迹地生态恢复过程中的群落动态和竞争研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
1.本文对缙云山风灾迹地森林群落在11年恢复过程中的幼苗动态、群落结
    构、植物物种组成以及物种多样性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:1)在恢复的前
    2年,马尾松、大头茶的幼苗占绝对优势,其次是川灰木、小叶栲的幼苗,其他
    树种的幼苗较少;恢复后的第8年,川灰木、小叶栲和其他树种的幼苗增加,马
    尾松和大头茶的幼苗减少;恢复后的第11年,川灰木、小叶栲和其他常绿阔叶树
    种的幼苗占优势,林下无马尾松幼苗,大头茶的幼苗也较少。2)群落的垂直结构
    日益明显,群落的水平结构指标盖度、密度和胸面积都有大幅度增加。3)群落乔
    木层的物种多样性、均匀度增加,生态优势度降低,群落向着复杂化、多层化的
    常绿阔叶林方向发展。
     2.本文研究了缙云山风灾前与恢复11年后群落结构的比较,结果表明:1)
    风灾前群落的垂直结构明显,恢复11年后的群落垂直结构不明显。灌木层大致相
    同草本层和层外植物都较少。2)生活型基本相同,都以常绿高位芽植物为主。3)
    群落的种类组成大致相同,主要是樟科、山毛榉科、山茶科及松科等。风灾前为
    针阔混交林,建群种为马尾松。恢复11年后为常绿阔叶林,建群种为小叶栲。
     3.采用Hegyi提出的单木竞争指数模型对缙云山风灾迹地生态重建过程中主
    要优势种四川大头茶、川灰木、小叶栲、马尾松的种内种间竞争强度进行了定量
    分析。结果表明 1)对象木种内竞争较其伴生树种间的竞争剧烈。2)竞争强度与
    对象木的胸径呈幂函数关系。3)对象木的生长速度与竞争指数之间有极显著的负
    相关关系。
     4.对缙云山风灾迹地生态恢复过程中的优势种群动态的研究,并对优势种群
    
    
    动态进行了预测。结果表明:在优势种群的竟争中,小叶拷将获胜。群落向常绿
    阔叶林的顶极群落方向演替,小叶拷将成为顶极群落的建群种。
1.Studying on the community dynamics during ecological restoration of the wind-
     damage slash in Jinyun mountain. The seeding dynamic, community structure and
     species diversities of the wind-damaged slash after 11-year restoration were studied.
     The results were as followings: 1) Pinus massoniana and Gordonia acuminata seeding
     were dominated in the first and second years. After 8-year restoration Castanopsis
     carlessii var. spinulosia, Symplocos satchuenesis and others evergreen broadleaf trees
     seeding increased, Pinus massoniana and Gordonia acuminata seeding decreased,
     after 11 years, Castanopsis carlessiivar spinulosia , Symplocos satchuenesis and others
     evergreen broadleaf trees seeding dominated. There was no Pinus massoniana seeding
     and Gordonia acuminata seeding was very few. 2)The vertical structure of community
     tended to be complex, while the horizontal one increased by a wide range.3)The
     species diversity and evenness of trees layer increased, the ecological dominance
     decreased. The community becomes more complicated and multiple-layered evergreen
     broadleaf forest.
    
     2.Compered the structure of the wind-damaged slash in Mt. before wind-damaged
     with that after 11 years of restoration. The results were as followings: 1) The vertical
     structure of community before wind-damaged slash was outstanding while not after
     11-year restoration.2) The biological spectrum were similarity, both are everygreen
     phanerophytes. The made of the species of community are almost same, Lauraceae,
     Fagaceae, Theaceae and Pinaceae were the most. There are needle-broad forest before
     wind-damaged, it edificatory was Pinus massoniana. But 11-year restoration was
     everygreen broadleaf forest, it edificatory is Castanopsis carlessii var. spinulosia.
    
     3. Studying on the competition in the course of ecological reconstruction of wind-
    
    
    damaged slash in Mt. Jinyun Using Hegyi?single tree competitive index modle, We
     quantitatively analysed the intraspecific and interspecific competitive intensity of
     Pmassoniana G.acuminata C.carlessii var spinulosa S.setchunensis.The dominant
     species ecological reconstruction of the wind-damaged slash. The results are: 1 )The
     intraspecific of objective species in wind-damaged slash were more intensive than
     their interspcific competition with other accompanying species. 2).The competitive
     intensity seemed to be powerful function of DBH. of the objective trees. 3). Growth of
     the objective tree was negatively correlated to the competitive indices.
    
     4.This paper studied on the dynamics of dominant population during ecological
     restoration and forecasted the dynamics of the domination species of wind-damaged
     slash in Jinyun mountain. The study showed that the succession of community is
     toward the climax community of the evergreen broadleaf, and that the Castanopsis
     carlessii var.spinulosa will be the edificatory of the climax community.
引文
1. 纪万斌主编.1996. 塌陷与生态,北京:地震出版社
    2. Cairns JJr, Dicksos K L.and Herricks E E. 1997,Recovery and restoration of damaged ecosystems. Univ. Press of Virginia,Charlottesvill.l~80
    3. Grains J Jr. 1980, The recovery process in damaged ecosystems. Ann Arbor Science Publishers: Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1~160
    4. Cairns J Jr. 1991, The status of the theoretical and applied science of restoration ecology. The environmental professional. 13: 186~194
    5. Magnuson J J, Regier H A et al. 1980, To rehabilitate and restorate Grate Lakes ecosystems. Ann Arabr Science Publishers,Michigian.95~111
    6. Lewis RR Ⅲ. 1989, Wetlands restoration, creation, and enhancement technology: The status of Science, Vol. Ⅱ EPA. US. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington,D.C. 101-187
    7. 徐作岳,1994. 广东热带沿海侵蚀地的植被恢复生态学研究.广州:广东科 学技术出版社.124-180
    8. 彭少麟,2000. 恢复生态学研究进展及在中国热带亚热带的实践.《中国生态学 会通讯》(特刊):65~71
    9. 许木启,黄玉瑶,1998. 受损水域生态系统恢复与重建研究.生态学报,18(5) : 547~558
    10. Cherrett JM. 1989. Key concepts, the results of a survey of our member's opinion. In:J M Cherrettced., ecological concepts : the contribution of ecology to an Understating of the Natural World. Blackwell Scientific Oxford,England, 1-150
    11. Stiling P. 1994. What do ecologists do? Bullentin of the ecological Society of America.75(2) :116-121
    12. 董全,李晓军,1995. 面向21世纪的西方生态学:走向21世纪的中国生态学-中国生态学会第五届全国会员代表大会暨学术讨论会论文集,北京:中 国科学技术出版社.63~70
    13. Lubchenko J D et al.1991. The Sustainable Biosphere Initiative: An ecological Research Agenda. Ecology. 72(5) :371-412
    14. Huntley et al.1991 Sustainable Biosphere: The Global imperation. Ecology International. 20:5-14.
    15. Andy,P.D.,A.D.Bradshaw&A.J.M.Baker.l997. Hopes for the future: Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Science,Vol.277:515-521.
    16. Lan,R.N.&R.Dirzo. 1997. Forests as Human-Dominated ecosystem. Science,Vol.277:521-525.
    
    
    17. Louis,W.B.,J.C.Castilla&C.H.Peterson.1997. The management of fisheries and marine ecosystem. Science,Vol.509-514.
    18. Matson,P. A.,W.J.Parton,A.G.Power&M.T.Swiff. 1997. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science,Vol.277:504-509.
    19. Peter,M.V.,H.A.Mooney,J.lubchenco&J.M.Melillo.l997. Human domination of earth's ecosystem. Science, Vol.277:494-499.
    20. Sturat,F.C.,B.H.Walker,R.J.Hobbs,D.U.Hooper,J.H.Lawton,O.E.Sala&D.Tilman. 1997. Biotic control over the Function of ecosystem . Science, Vol.277:500-503.
    21. 彭少麟,赵平,2000. 以创新理论深入推进恢复生态学的自然与社会实践-2000 年恢恢复生态学会国际大会综述.应用生态学报,11(5) :799-800
    22 徐作乐,彭少麟,1996. 热带亚热带退化生态系统植被恢复生态学研究.广州; 广东学技术出版社.1~35
    23. 张经炜,姚清尹,李焕珊等著,1994. 华南坡地研究.北京:科学出版社.111-288
    24. 赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶等主编,1993. 生态环境综合整治和恢复技术研究(第 一集).北京:北京科学出版社.
    25. 赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶等主编,1995. 生态环境综合整治和恢复技术研究(第 二集).北京:北京科学出版社.
    26. 赵平,彭少麟,2001. 种、种的多样性及退化生态系统功能的恢复和维持研究. 应用生态学报.12(1) :132~136
    27. 周进,2000. 面向未来的生态学-介绍第46届日本生态学大会.生态学报,20 (2) :356
    28. 将志刚,马克平,韩兴国主编,1996. 保护生物学 浙江科学技术出版社
    29. Ewel J J.1987. Restoration is the ultimate test of ecology theory.In Restoration Ecology.Combridge University,U.K.23-29
    30. 徐嵩龄,1993. 采矿地的生态重建恢复生态学:持续发展与生态学.陈昌笃、王 祖望主编.北京:科学出版社,1-4
    31. 钟章成,1992. 常绿阔叶林生态系统研究.重庆.西南师范大学出版社.
    32. 钟章成,1996《植物生态学研究进展》.重庆西南师大出版社,
    33. 陈伟烈,贺金生,1995. 中国亚热带地区的退化生态系统:类型、分布、结构 特征及恢复途径,陈伟烈主编.中国退化生态系统.北京:中国科学技术出版 社,61-93
    34. 王祖望,2000. 对我国生态学在本世纪初(2000-2010) 发展的几点建议.《中 国生态学会通讯》(特刊):10~15
    35. Myint A K&Hofer T.1998 Forestry and Key Asian Watersheds.ICIMOD,44~49
    
    
    36. 刘照光,1994. 岷江上游生态环境现状与恢复植被的途径.姜恕,陈昌笃主编. 植被生态学研究.北京:科学出版社,399~401
    37. 刘照光,张雨成,吴宁,1997. 长江上游森林生态系统与可持续发展.牛得水 主编.农业生物学研究与农业持续发展.北京:科学出版社.227~232
    38. 彭少麟,方炜,1995. 热带人工林生态系统重建过程中物种多样性的发展.生 态学报,15(增刊):18~30
    39. 余作乐,彭少麟,1995. 热带亚热带退化生态系统的植被恢复及其效应.生态 学报,15(增刊):1~17
    40. 张水松,林光,1997. 次生常绿阔叶林抚育改造技术研究.林业科学研究,10 (5) :506~513
    41. 严峻.投入195个亿能否保住天然林.北京青年报,1998,7,14,.第9版.
    42. 刘玉成,钟章成,缪世利等, 1984. 缙云山自然保护区植被概况.西南师大学 报(自然科学版)9(5) :117~128.
    43. 刘玉成,1985. 缙云山常绿阔叶林数量分类,植物生态学与地植物学报,9 (4) :315~324
    44. 刘玉成,1988. 缙云山自然保护区区系成分分析,钟章程编.常绿阔叶林生态 系统研究.167~180
    45. 李旭光,王丽,1996. 缙云山森林生态系统物种多样性空间格局分析.西南师 范大学学报(自然科学版).21(2) :258~265
    46. 郭全邦,刘玉成,李旭光,1997. 缙云山次生林演替序列优势种群生态位.西 南师范大学学报(自然科学版).22(1) :73~18
    47. 郭全邦,刘玉成,李旭光,1999. 缙云山森林次生演替序列物种多样性动态.应 用生态学报.10(5) :521~524
    48. 李雪梅,刘玉成,李旭光,1998. 缙云山森林次生演替序列群落结构、物种多 样性与稳定性的关系.西南师范大学学报(自然科学版).23(1) :79~83
    49. 田茂洁,刘玉成,李旭光,1998. 缙云山常绿阔叶林固定样方群落结构和物种 多样性动态研究.西南师范大学学报(自然科学版).23(2) :199~205
    50. 向志强,彭军,刘玉成,1999. 缙云山风灾迹地森林植被恢复研究.西南农业 大学学报.21(2) :120~125
    51. 韩玉萍,李雪梅,刘玉成,1999. 缙云山森林群落次生演序列垂直结构与物 种多样性的关系.西南农业大学学报21(2) :391~396
    52. 石培礼,1999桤柏混交林的种间关系.《植物生态学研究论文集》.西南师范 大学出版社
    53. 张跃西,1993. 邻体干扰模型的改进及其在营林中的应用.植物生态学与地 植物学学报.17(4) :352~357
    
    
    54. 王泊荪,1987. 植物群落学.北京:科学出版社,46~52
    55. Kershaw KA.&looney JHH.1985. Quantitative and Dynamic Plant Ecology. Edward Arnold Pub.176~187.
    56. 周先叶,王泊荪,李明光等,1999. 广东黑石顶自然保护区森林次生演替过 程中的群落动态.植物学报,41(8) :877~866.
    57. Pielou E.C.1988. 卢泽愚译.数学生态学.北京:科学出版社,308~331
    58. BellaIE.1971. A new competition model for individual tree,Forest Science (17) :367~362
    59. 邹春静,徐文铎,1998. 沙地云杉种内种间竞争研究.植物生态学报,22 (3) :269~274
    60. 熊利民,钟章成,1991. 缙云山森林群落的同期发生演替及其模型预测.生态 学报,11(1) :49~53.
    61. 石胜友,王周平,李旭光,2000. 缙云山风灾迹地生态重建过程中的竞争研 究.西南师范大学学报(自然科学版).25(5) :601~605
    62. 石胜友,王周平,李旭光,2001. 缙云山风灾迹地生态恢复过程中的群落动 态研究.西南师范大学学报(自然科学版).26(1) :57~61
    63. 张跃西,1996,亚热带次生常绿阔叶林乔木优势种干扰竞争模型的研究.钟 章成主编植物生态学研究进展.重庆西南师范大学出版社.278~284
    64. 咎启杰,李明光,王泊荪等,2000. 黑石顶针阔混交林演替过程中群落结构 动态[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(1) :1~4.
    65 岳泉,1992. 缙云山森林群落优势种群分布格局及其动态的初步研究.钟章成 主编.常绿阔叶林生态系统研究.西南师范大学出版社.102~117
    66. Grime J.P. 1977, Control of species density in herbaceous vegetation. Journal of Environmental Management, 1:151~167
    67. Harper J.L.1977, The Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.
    68. Bi H. 1996,Competition in mixed stands of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus obliqa. JAppl Ecol, 33(1) :87~99
    69. Ford ED, Sorrensen K.1992, A theory and models of inter-plant competition as a spatial process. In: DeAugelis DL, Louis JG eds. Individual-based Models and Approaches in Ecology. New York: Champman & Hall. 363~407
    70. Huston MA, Deangelis DL, Post W. 1988. New competition models unite ecological theory. Bioscience,38:682~691
    71. 王刚,张大勇.1996《生物竞争理论》. 陕西科学技术出版社.
    72. MacArther,R.H.1972, Geographical Ecology. Harper & Row, New York.,296
    73. Cody, M.L. 1975, Towards a theory of continental species diversities.In:Ecology and
    
     Evolution of Communities.Belknap,Cambridge,MA.214~257
    74. Winner J.1984. Neighborhood interference amongst Pinus rigdata individuals.J Ecol,72:183~195
    75. 祝延成,钟章成,李建东,1988. 植物生态学
    76. 李旭光,何维明,董明,1997. 缙云山大头茶种群林窗动态的初步研究.生态 学报,17(5) :553~548.
    77. 杜荣骞,1999. 生物统计学.北京:高等教育出版社.
    78. 金则新,1997. 四川大头茶在其群落中的种内种间竞争的初步研究.植物研 究,17(1) :110-118
    79. 包维楷,刘照光,刘朝禄等,2001. 亚热带次生常绿阔叶林主要乔木种群自 然恢复15年来的变化.林业科学.37:(1) 7-14
    80. 熊济华,1992. 重庆维管束植物名录.西南农业大学园艺系
    81. J.A.拉德维格,J.Ames F.L蓝若之著,李玉中等译,1990. 统计生态学内 蒙古大学出版社.10-24

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700