台湾东北部龟山岛海底自然硫烟囱体地球化学特征研究
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摘要
龟山岛热液活动区位于冲绳海槽向西延伸的部位，菲律宾海板块在此向欧亚板块下俯冲隐没，构造背景十分特殊，热液活动的出现为进一步研究该地区的地质发展提供了新的素材。热液活动的产物之一－烟囱体在本地区表现出明显的特殊性。高度富集自然硫，含矿物极少；自然硫的含量随烟囱体的层位不同而表现出有规律的变化，从外层到内层含量依次递增；大部分微量元素的含量与自然硫的含量呈负相关性；硫同位素的特征也很明显，变化范围小，δ34S‰值只是在2‰左右，并且根据δ34S‰值的变化情况可以把烟囱体分为三种类型：递减型、“V”型、递增型。根据自然硫烟囱体的这些特征我们探讨了其成因机制和物源，认为高度的自然硫富集是由于热液流体的性质和物源决定的，热液流体的流速快和流程短使较容易析出的元素硫迅速溶出，同时来自于地幔的硫也是烟囱体硫高度富集的重要因素，但是对于地幔中的元素硫是以何种形式加入热液流体中还需进一步研究。
The Kueishantao hydrothermal activity zone lies in the west extended part of the Okinawa Trough, Where Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Eurasia Plate. The occurrence of hydrothermal activity give a chance for exploring the development of the zone. There are some prominent characters about Kueishantao hydrothermal activity : high content native sulfur in the chimneys which comprise few minerals, however there are clear layers in the chimney bodies according with the colors. On the other hand, that the native sulfur concentration ascends from outside to inside is coincided with the color layers. And theδ34S‰ values focus on about 2‰,so we distinguish three types chimneys according with theδ34S‰ values which are ascending type, “V”type, descending type. we discuss the chimneys’ formation and the materials resource on the base of the facts as mentioned in above. We think both the fundus’ andesites of the hydrothermal activity zone and mantle are Kueishantao hydrothermal activity’s materials resource, but how mantle materials contaminate the hydrothermal fluid is not clear.
The Kueishantao hydrothermal activity zone lies in the west extended part of the Okinawa Trough, Where Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Eurasia Plate. The occurrence of hydrothermal activity give a chance for exploring the development of the zone. There are some prominent characters about Kueishantao hydrothermal activity : high content native sulfur in the chimneys which comprise few minerals, however there are clear layers in the chimney bodies according with the colors. On the other hand, that the native sulfur concentration ascends from outside to inside is coincided with the color layers. And theδ34S‰ values focus on about 2‰,so we distinguish three types chimneys according with theδ34S‰ values which are ascending type, “V”type, descending type. we discuss the chimneys’ formation and the materials resource on the base of the facts as mentioned in above. We think both the fundus’ andesites of the hydrothermal activity zone and mantle are Kueishantao hydrothermal activity’s materials resource, but how mantle materials contaminate the hydrothermal fluid is not clear.
引文
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于增慧. 冲绳海槽火山岩中岩浆包裹体及气体同位素组成研究. 中国科学院海洋研究所博士论文，2000.
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Chen, Chang-Hwa, 1989.Nd-Sr-O isotopic study of Cenozoic arcs volcanic rocks in Taiwan . PH.D. Thesis, National Taiwan Univ., 198 pp(in Chinese)
Chen, Chang-Hwa and Nakada, S., 1994.Comparison of late Cenozoic basaltic magma generation in Ryukyu Arc, Okinawa trough and adjoining area (NW Kyushu, Japan and n. Taiwan). 8th Int. Conf .on geochronology , P.54.
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Chen, Chang-Hwa, ShieH, Y.N., Lee, T., Chen, C.H. and Mertzman, S.A., 1990Ab. Nd-Sr-O evidence for source contamination and unusual mantale component under Luzon Arc Geochim Cosmochim . Acta , 54: 2473-2484.
Chen, Chang-Hwa, Depalo, D.J. and Nakada, S., 1991. magma generation in back arc basin—the Unzen volcano, northern Okinawa Trough. Geol. Soc. Am., Annu. Meet., 23: A46.
Chen, Chen-Hong, 1990. The igneous rock of Taiwan. Taiwan Centr. Geol .Surv., 137pp(in Chinese).
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Chiang, C.S., Lee, T.Y., 1996. Kinematics of the Okinawa Trough: Two modes of opening in northeast offshore Taiwan . Eos 77,733.
Chung, S., Jahn, B.M., Chen, S., Lee, T., Chen, C.-H., 1995a Miocene basalts in northwestern Taiwan: Evidence for Emtype mantle sources in the continental lithosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 549-555.
Chung, S.L., Yang, T.F., Lee, C.Y., Chen, C.H., 1995b. The igneous provinciality in Taiwan: Consequence of continental rifting superimposed by Luzon and Ryukyu subduction system. J. SE Asian Earth Sci.11.73-80.
Chung, S.L., Wang, K. L., Crawford, A.J., Chen, C.-H., Lan, C.Y., Chen, C.H., 1999. Highly magnesian potassic magmas in the are-continent collision belt of Taiwan: implication for the genesis of orogenic potassic lacas and theslab component of subduction zones. Contrib. Mineral Petrol. (submitted).
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刘英俊，曹励明. 元素地球化学. 北京：科学出版社，1984.
于增慧. 冲绳海槽火山岩中岩浆包裹体及气体同位素组成研究. 中国科学院海洋研究所博士论文，2000.
蒋富清. 冲绳海槽现代海底热液沉积物的矿物学与地球化学研究. 中国科学院海洋研究所硕士论文，1998.
赵伦山，张本仁. 地球化学. 北京：地质出版社，1988.
李巍然，杨作升，王永吉，张保民. 冲绳海槽火山岩岩石化学特征及其地质意义. 岩石学报，1997，13：538－550.
翟世奎，干晓群. 冲绳海槽海底热液活动区玄武岩的矿物学和岩石化学特征及其地质意义. 海洋与湖沼，1995，26：115－123。
李昭兴等 2000.南冲绳海槽的现代海底火山和热液循环系统. 台湾第四纪第八次研讨会暨亚洲古环境变迁计划成果发表论文集第29页.
曾志刚. 现代海底热液沉积物的同位素地球化学研究. 中国科学院海洋研究所博士后研究工作报告，1999.
曾志刚，蒋富清，翟世奎，秦蕴珊，侯增谦. 冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义. 海洋学报，2000，22（4）：74－82.
曾志刚，蒋富清，翟世奎，秦蕴珊，侯增谦. 冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中热液硫化物的稀土元素地球化学特征. 地质学报，2001，25（2）：244－249.
Yue-Gau Chen, Wen-Shoung Wu, Cheng-Hong Chen, Tsung-Kwei Liu A date for volcanic eruption inferred from a siltstone xenolith. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001, 20: 869-873.
Angelier, J. Barrier, E., Chu, H. T., Plate collision and paleostress trajectories in a fold-thrust belt: the foothills of Taiwan. Tectibiphysics 1986. 125, 161-178.
Arth, J.G., Behaviour of trace elements during magmatic processes — a summary of theoretical medels and their applications. J. Res. U. S. Geol. Surv. 4, 1976. 41–47.
Beard, J.S., Experimental, geological, and gechemical constraints on the origins of low-K silicic magmas in oceanic arcs. J. Geophys. Res. 1995.100, 15593–15600.
Boynton, W.V., Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies. In: Henderson, P. Ed., Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Elsevier, 1984, 63–114.
Chen, C-H., Igneous rocks of Taiwan (in Chinese ). Cent. Geol. Surv., Spec. Publ. 1, 1990. 137
Chen, C.H., Lee, T., Shieh, Y.N., Chen, C.H., Hsu, W. Y., Magmatism at the onset of back-arc basin spreading in the Okinawa Trough, J. Volcnol. Geotherm. res. 1995, 69: 313-322
Chen, C.H., Extensional collapse of the north Taiwan mountain belt: comment. Geology 1997, 25:855-856.
Chen, Y.G., Wu, W.S., Liu, T.K., Chen, C-H., 1998.A Holocene vokcanic island: Kueishantao (in China). Annu. Meet. Geol. soc. China, Prog. Abstr., pp.104-105.
Chang-hwa Chen, Typhoon Lee, Yuch-ning Shieh, Cheng-hong Chen and Wen-yu Hsu., 1995. Magmatism at the onset of back-arc basin spreading in the Okinawa Trough. Journal of volcanology and Geothermal Reasearch 69(1995) 313-322.
Chang, M. D. and Chen, J. C., 1979.Geochemistry of andesites from Kueishantao. Acta Oceanogr. Taiwan., 9: 39-49.
Chen, Chang-Hwa, 1989.Nd-Sr-O isotopic study of Cenozoic arcs volcanic rocks in Taiwan . PH.D. Thesis, National Taiwan Univ., 198 pp(in Chinese)
Chen, Chang-Hwa and Nakada, S., 1994.Comparison of late Cenozoic basaltic magma generation in Ryukyu Arc, Okinawa trough and adjoining area (NW Kyushu, Japan and n. Taiwan). 8th Int. Conf .on geochronology , P.54.
Chen, Chang-Hwa, ShieH, Y.N., Lee, T., Chen, C.H. and Mertzman, S.A., 1990a. Nd-Sr-O isotopic variations along the spreading axis of Okinawa Trough—a back basin .1990 Geol. Soc. Am Annu. Meet., 22: A25.
Chen, Chang-Hwa, ShieH, Y.N., Lee, T., Chen, C.H. and Mertzman, S.A., 1990Ab. Nd-Sr-O evidence for source contamination and unusual mantale component under Luzon Arc Geochim Cosmochim . Acta , 54: 2473-2484.
Chen, Chang-Hwa, Depalo, D.J. and Nakada, S., 1991. magma generation in back arc basin—the Unzen volcano, northern Okinawa Trough. Geol. Soc. Am., Annu. Meet., 23: A46.
Chen, Chen-Hong, 1990. The igneous rock of Taiwan. Taiwan Centr. Geol .Surv., 137pp(in Chinese).
Chen, Chen-Hong. Jahn, B.M., Lee, T., Chen, C.H. and Connichet, J., 1990, Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry of sediments from Taiwan and complication for the tectonic evolution of SE China. Chem. Geol., 88:317-332.
Chiang, C.S., Lee, T.Y., 1996. Kinematics of the Okinawa Trough: Two modes of opening in northeast offshore Taiwan . Eos 77,733.
Chung, S., Jahn, B.M., Chen, S., Lee, T., Chen, C.-H., 1995a Miocene basalts in northwestern Taiwan: Evidence for Emtype mantle sources in the continental lithosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 549-555.
Chung, S.L., Yang, T.F., Lee, C.Y., Chen, C.H., 1995b. The igneous provinciality in Taiwan: Consequence of continental rifting superimposed by Luzon and Ryukyu subduction system. J. SE Asian Earth Sci.11.73-80.
Chung, S.L., Wang, K. L., Crawford, A.J., Chen, C.-H., Lan, C.Y., Chen, C.H., 1999. Highly magnesian potassic magmas in the are-continent collision belt of Taiwan: implication for the genesis of orogenic potassic lacas and theslab component of subduction zones. Contrib. Mineral Petrol. (submitted).
Crawford, A. J., Falloon, T. J., Green, D. H., 1989. Classification, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of boninites. In: Crawfor, A, J. (Ed.), Bonintes and related Rocks . Unwin and Hyman, London , pp.1-49.
Dahlen, F.A., Suppe, J., 1988. Mechanics, growth and erosion of mountain belts . Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Pap. 218, 161-178.
Davis, D., Suppe, J., Dahlen, F.A., 1983.Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges.J.Geophys.Res.88, 1153-1172.
.Dewey, J,1988.Extensional collapse of orogens .Tectonics 7,1123-1139.
Eguchi, T., uyeda, S., 1983. Seismotectonics of the Okinawa trough and Ryukyu Arc. Mem. Geol. Soc China 5, 189-210.
Fouquet, U. Von Stackelberg, J. L. Charlou, J. P. Donnval et., 1991., Hydrothermal activity and metallogenesis in the Lau back-arc basin. Nature Vol 349. 28. 778-781.
Halbach, Ko-ichi Nakamura, M. Wahsner, J, Lange, H, Sakai. Lkaselita. et., 1989. Probable modern anlogue of Kuroko-tyoe massive sulphide deposits in the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin. Nature Vol 338, 496-498.
Hirata, N. et al., 1991. Report on DELP 1988 cruises in the Okinawa Trough: Part 3. Crustal structure of the southern Okinawa Trough. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 66, pp. 37–70.
Honma, H. et al., 1991. Major and trace element chemistry and D/H, 18O/16O, 87Sr /86Sr and 143Nd /143Nd ratios of rocks from the spreading center of the Okinawa Trough, a marginal back-arc basin. Geochem. J. 25, 121–136.
Ho, C. S., 1982. Tectonic evolution of Taiwan explanatory text of the tectonic map of Taiwan.Minist. Econ. Mffairs. R. O. C., 126pp.
Hsu, L. C., 1963.Petrology of the Plesitocene andesite from Kueishantao, northern Taiwan . Acta Geol .Taiwan .,10:29-40.
Ikeda, Y., Yuasa, M., 1989. Volcanism in nascent back-arc basins behind the Shichito Ridge and adjacent areas in the Izu-Ogasawara arc, northwest Pacific: evidence for mixing between E-type MORB and island arc magmas at the initiation of back-arc rifting. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 101, 377–393.
Ishikawa, M. et al., 1991. Report on DELP 1988 cruises in the Okinawa Trough Part 6: Petrology of volcanic rocks. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 66, pp. 151–177.
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