基于原子干涉的高分辨率引力测量
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摘要
本篇论文描述了根据原子的物质波性质设计的原子干涉仪,和应用原子干涉仪进行高分辨率引力场测量的实验。本论文中描述了两种不同的原子干涉仪方案,分别在浙江大学光学研究所量子光学实验室和巴黎天文台SYRTE实验室实施。这两个方案都使用了受激拉曼跃迁来操控原子的能态。其中浙江大学方案使用自由下落的冷原子构成原子干涉仪,以测量当地重力场的绝对值,其分辨率可达10-9g。巴黎天文台方案使用囚禁在一维光晶格中的冷原子,通过操控冷原子在光晶格中的空间位置移动构成原子干涉仪。当原子被囚禁在距离物体表面很近的光晶格中时,该原子干涉仪可以测量原子与表面之间的相互作用势,以验证Casimir-Polder力等短距作用力。
This thesis presents atom interferometers based on the matter wave characteristics of atoms, and experiments involving atom interferometers in measurement of the gravitational field. Two schematics of atom interferometers are depicted in this thesis, implemented by Institute of Optics at Zhejiang University and SYRTE at Paris Observatory, respectively. Both experiments utilize stimulated Raman transitions in manipulating the atoms' internal and external states. The Zhejiang University instrument, which uses free-falling atoms in interferometry, measures the absolute local gravity with resolution around 10-9g. The Paris Observatory experiment makes use of atoms trapped in a 1-dimensional optical lattice in realizing the interferometer, by manipulating the relative movements of the atoms between separate lattice sites. When the atoms are trapped in the lattice sites close to an arbitrary surface, the interferometer measures the interaction between atoms and the surface, leading to a high-precision verification of the short range interactions, e.g. the Casimir-Polder Force.
This thesis presents atom interferometers based on the matter wave characteristics of atoms, and experiments involving atom interferometers in measurement of the gravitational field. Two schematics of atom interferometers are depicted in this thesis, implemented by Institute of Optics at Zhejiang University and SYRTE at Paris Observatory, respectively. Both experiments utilize stimulated Raman transitions in manipulating the atoms' internal and external states. The Zhejiang University instrument, which uses free-falling atoms in interferometry, measures the absolute local gravity with resolution around 10-9g. The Paris Observatory experiment makes use of atoms trapped in a 1-dimensional optical lattice in realizing the interferometer, by manipulating the relative movements of the atoms between separate lattice sites. When the atoms are trapped in the lattice sites close to an arbitrary surface, the interferometer measures the interaction between atoms and the surface, leading to a high-precision verification of the short range interactions, e.g. the Casimir-Polder Force.
引文
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