排沙漏斗清水流场数值模拟
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摘要
排沙漏斗是一种新型的泥沙处理技术,以其截沙率高,耗水率小等优点已广泛应用。但是对于它的流场结构特性和排沙机理迄今尚未彻底探明。近年来,随着数值模拟技术的发展,尝试对排沙漏斗内流场进行较全面准确的数值模拟成为一种新的研究途径。由于漏斗室内水流形成自由表面旋涡,并且存在两个出口,所以对其进行三维流场数值模拟具有很大难度。本文通过一系列的简化和处理,有效地降低了数值模拟难度,建立了的无调流墩和有调流墩的排沙漏斗物理模型。
本文结合RNG k ?ε湍流模型和VOF方法建立了排沙漏斗的水气两相流数学模型。利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT进行求解计算,得到了排沙漏斗内水流的流速场、压力、湍动能和涡量等的分布规律。将数值计算得到的流速分布与试验实测结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。
通过对数值模拟结果的分析,得出了以下主要成果:
(1)底坡附近的水流有较大的向内的径向速度,证实了排沙漏斗内存在二次流。
(2)向上的轴向流速和向外的径向流速处在漏斗室内合适的区域,从而保证了排沙漏斗的耗水率小。
(3)首次提出了排沙漏斗的二次流排沙原理。
The Sand Funnel is one kind of new sediment ejection technology and is widely applied for its merits such as high interception efficiency and low water consumption rate. But the flow field characteristics of the Sand Funnel and its mechanism of sediment transport are not yet fully understood heretofore. In recent years, along with the numerical simulation technology development, it is one new research way to try to numerically simulate the flow in the Sand Funnel accurately. Since there is a surface vortex and two exits in the Sand Funnel, the 3-D numerical simulation of turbulent flow in the Sand Funnel has a very great difficulty. This paper has effectively reduced its difficulty through a series of simplifications and disposal, finally establish two physical model of the Sand Funnel respectively with and without adjusting pier.
This paper combines the RNG k ?εturbulence model and Volume of Fluid method (VOF) to establish the two phase mathematical model of the Sand Funnel. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT is used to solve the equations of the model. Distribution of velocity, pressure, turbulence kinetic and vorticity are obtained by simulation. The numerical simulation results are compared with test results, and they are agreed well with each other.
Analyzing the result of numerical simulation of 3-D turbulent flow in the Sand Funnel, the author obtains the flowing main conclusions and findings:
(1) The current near the base slope has greater radial velocity, proving that there is secondary flow in the Sand Funnel.
(2) The upward axial velocity and outward radial velocity of the flow in the Sand Funnel are at suitable region, thus ensuring its low water consumption rate.
(3) This paper proposes a secondary flow principle for sediment transportation in the Sand Funnel for the first time.
本文结合RNG k ?ε湍流模型和VOF方法建立了排沙漏斗的水气两相流数学模型。利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT进行求解计算,得到了排沙漏斗内水流的流速场、压力、湍动能和涡量等的分布规律。将数值计算得到的流速分布与试验实测结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。
通过对数值模拟结果的分析,得出了以下主要成果:
(1)底坡附近的水流有较大的向内的径向速度,证实了排沙漏斗内存在二次流。
(2)向上的轴向流速和向外的径向流速处在漏斗室内合适的区域,从而保证了排沙漏斗的耗水率小。
(3)首次提出了排沙漏斗的二次流排沙原理。
The Sand Funnel is one kind of new sediment ejection technology and is widely applied for its merits such as high interception efficiency and low water consumption rate. But the flow field characteristics of the Sand Funnel and its mechanism of sediment transport are not yet fully understood heretofore. In recent years, along with the numerical simulation technology development, it is one new research way to try to numerically simulate the flow in the Sand Funnel accurately. Since there is a surface vortex and two exits in the Sand Funnel, the 3-D numerical simulation of turbulent flow in the Sand Funnel has a very great difficulty. This paper has effectively reduced its difficulty through a series of simplifications and disposal, finally establish two physical model of the Sand Funnel respectively with and without adjusting pier.
This paper combines the RNG k ?εturbulence model and Volume of Fluid method (VOF) to establish the two phase mathematical model of the Sand Funnel. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT is used to solve the equations of the model. Distribution of velocity, pressure, turbulence kinetic and vorticity are obtained by simulation. The numerical simulation results are compared with test results, and they are agreed well with each other.
Analyzing the result of numerical simulation of 3-D turbulent flow in the Sand Funnel, the author obtains the flowing main conclusions and findings:
(1) The current near the base slope has greater radial velocity, proving that there is secondary flow in the Sand Funnel.
(2) The upward axial velocity and outward radial velocity of the flow in the Sand Funnel are at suitable region, thus ensuring its low water consumption rate.
(3) This paper proposes a secondary flow principle for sediment transportation in the Sand Funnel for the first time.
引文
[1] 周著,侯杰,王长新.强螺旋流排沙漏斗的模型试验和原型观测.水利水电技术,1991,(11):51-57.
[2] 周著,侯杰.《螺旋流排沙漏斗》新技术的研究与应用.湖南水利,1996,(2):21-23
[3] 王顺久.漏斗涡流特性研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.1997
[4] 唐毅.排沙漏斗三维涡流水流结构的研究:[博士学位论文].成都: 四川大学,1996.
[5] 王顺久,周著,侯杰,等.排沙漏斗的水流特性试验研究及其工程应用.水利学报,2002,(7):104 -109.
[6] 李华.水工建筑物进水口前立轴旋涡的研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都: 四川大学,2003
[7] 何耘.水泵进水池旋涡研究的主要进展.水力发电学报,2004,23(5):92-96
[8] 卢永金.进水口旋涡研究成果综述.河海大学科技情报,1988,3
[9] K.Ramamurihi,T.John Tharakan.Intensification of a Vortex During Free Draining.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1995,73(6):292-299
[10] 王福军. 计算流体动力学分析——CFD 软件原理与应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[11] John D.Anderson JR.计算流体力学入门. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[12] 唐毅,吴持恭,周著.排沙漏斗水流结构及输沙过程的影响. 水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1996,11(2):181-187
[13] 周晓泉. 复杂边界条件下的三维紊流数值模拟研究:[博士学位论文].成都:四川大学. 2003
[14] 叶茂,伍超,胡耀华,等.立柱旋涡三维数值模拟.西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2004,30(1):105-108
[15] 赵永志,顾赵林,郁永章,等.盆池涡涡动过程数值研究.水利学报,2002(12):1-6
[16] 李玉星,冯叔初.液液水力旋流器流场数值模拟技术研究.化工装备技术,2000,21(1):9-13
[17] 李建明,戴光清.旋流器中较强旋液体流动的数值计算.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1999,14(3):278-283
[18] Ma L,Ingham DB and Wen X. Numericao modeling of the fluid and particle penetration through small sampling cyclones.J Aerosol sci,2000,31(9):1097-1119
[19] 毛羽,庞磊,王小伟,等.旋风分离器内三维紊流场的数值模拟.石油炼制与化工,2002,33(2):1-6
[20] 陈云良,伍超,叶茂,等.水电站进水口水流流态的研究.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2005,20(3):340-345
[21] 张晓东,刘之平,高季章,等.竖井旋流式泄洪洞数值模拟.水利学报,2003(8):58-63
[22] 蒋莉,王少平,沈猛育.应用 RNG k ?ε湍流模式数值模拟 900弯曲槽道内的湍流流动.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1998,13(1):8-13
[23] P.Rameshwaran and P.S.Naden. Three-dimensional modeling of free surface variation in a meandering channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2004,42:603-615
[24] 邱秀云.水力学.乌鲁木齐:新疆电子出版社,2004,101-103
[25] 张兆顺,崔桂香,许春晓.湍流理论与模拟.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[26] 陈景仁.湍流模型及有限分析法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989
[27] 周雪漪.计算水力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[28] 吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学理论方法及应用.北京:科学出版社,1998
[29] 陈庆光,徐忠,张永建. RNG k ?ε模式在工程湍流数值计算中的应用.力学季刊,2003,24(1):88-95
[30] 黄筱云.自由表面追踪方法理论研究及数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学硕.2005
[31] 张菊.高水头无压隧洞数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.2006
[32] 李谊乐,刘应中,缪国平.二阶精度的 VOF 自由面追踪方法及其应用.船舶力学,1999(1):44-52
[33] 吴维武,吴家鸣.水动力计算中自由表面处理的研究方法简介.广东造船,2006(3):16-19
[34] 张健,方杰,范波芹.VOF 方法理论与应用综述.水利水电科技进展,2005,25(4):67-70
[35] 王志东.VOF 方法中白由液面重构的方法研究. 水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,2003,18(1):52-56
[36] Rider W.J,Kothe B.D.Reconstructing Volume Tracking.J.Comput.Phys,1998(14):112-152
[37] 张晓东.泄洪洞高速水流三维数值模拟:[博士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005
[38] T.C.Paul.Analytical models for free-surface air core vortex.Indian J.of Power &River Valley Development,1987
[39] T.C.Paul.Vortex-setting basin design consideration.J.of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,117(2)
[40] 黄社华,李炜,程良骏. 旋涡二次流中稀疏颗粒的运动特性研究.动力工程,1999,19(2):65-70
[41] 赵立新,蒋明虎,李枫,等.旋流器分散相液滴受力分析.石油机械,1999,27(5):24-27
[42] 唐毅,吴持恭,周著.设导流墩排沙漏斗清水流场的测试研究.实验力学,1997,12(4):556-563
[43] 王顺久,周著,侯杰,等.漏斗式全沙排沙设施模型试验及原型观测.水力发电,2000,(7):31-33
[44] 邱秀云,侯杰,周著.排沙漏斗的流场特性及输沙机理.中国农村水利水电,1999(4):3-6
[45] 周光埛，严宗毅，许世雄，等.北京: 流体力学.高等教育出版社,2000
[46] 湛含辉.二次流现象及其初步研究.株洲工学院学报,2001,15(3):27-29
[47] 湛含辉,张晓琪,戴财胜,等.水介旋流器中二次流对分选原理的影响试验研究.矿冶工程,2002,22(7):57-61.
[48] 李琳.排沙漏斗结构优化研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.2005
[2] 周著,侯杰.《螺旋流排沙漏斗》新技术的研究与应用.湖南水利,1996,(2):21-23
[3] 王顺久.漏斗涡流特性研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.1997
[4] 唐毅.排沙漏斗三维涡流水流结构的研究:[博士学位论文].成都: 四川大学,1996.
[5] 王顺久,周著,侯杰,等.排沙漏斗的水流特性试验研究及其工程应用.水利学报,2002,(7):104 -109.
[6] 李华.水工建筑物进水口前立轴旋涡的研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都: 四川大学,2003
[7] 何耘.水泵进水池旋涡研究的主要进展.水力发电学报,2004,23(5):92-96
[8] 卢永金.进水口旋涡研究成果综述.河海大学科技情报,1988,3
[9] K.Ramamurihi,T.John Tharakan.Intensification of a Vortex During Free Draining.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1995,73(6):292-299
[10] 王福军. 计算流体动力学分析——CFD 软件原理与应用. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[11] John D.Anderson JR.计算流体力学入门. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[12] 唐毅,吴持恭,周著.排沙漏斗水流结构及输沙过程的影响. 水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1996,11(2):181-187
[13] 周晓泉. 复杂边界条件下的三维紊流数值模拟研究:[博士学位论文].成都:四川大学. 2003
[14] 叶茂,伍超,胡耀华,等.立柱旋涡三维数值模拟.西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2004,30(1):105-108
[15] 赵永志,顾赵林,郁永章,等.盆池涡涡动过程数值研究.水利学报,2002(12):1-6
[16] 李玉星,冯叔初.液液水力旋流器流场数值模拟技术研究.化工装备技术,2000,21(1):9-13
[17] 李建明,戴光清.旋流器中较强旋液体流动的数值计算.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1999,14(3):278-283
[18] Ma L,Ingham DB and Wen X. Numericao modeling of the fluid and particle penetration through small sampling cyclones.J Aerosol sci,2000,31(9):1097-1119
[19] 毛羽,庞磊,王小伟,等.旋风分离器内三维紊流场的数值模拟.石油炼制与化工,2002,33(2):1-6
[20] 陈云良,伍超,叶茂,等.水电站进水口水流流态的研究.水动力学研究与进展A辑,2005,20(3):340-345
[21] 张晓东,刘之平,高季章,等.竖井旋流式泄洪洞数值模拟.水利学报,2003(8):58-63
[22] 蒋莉,王少平,沈猛育.应用 RNG k ?ε湍流模式数值模拟 900弯曲槽道内的湍流流动.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1998,13(1):8-13
[23] P.Rameshwaran and P.S.Naden. Three-dimensional modeling of free surface variation in a meandering channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2004,42:603-615
[24] 邱秀云.水力学.乌鲁木齐:新疆电子出版社,2004,101-103
[25] 张兆顺,崔桂香,许春晓.湍流理论与模拟.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[26] 陈景仁.湍流模型及有限分析法.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1989
[27] 周雪漪.计算水力学.北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[28] 吴江航,韩庆书.计算流体力学理论方法及应用.北京:科学出版社,1998
[29] 陈庆光,徐忠,张永建. RNG k ?ε模式在工程湍流数值计算中的应用.力学季刊,2003,24(1):88-95
[30] 黄筱云.自由表面追踪方法理论研究及数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学硕.2005
[31] 张菊.高水头无压隧洞数值模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.2006
[32] 李谊乐,刘应中,缪国平.二阶精度的 VOF 自由面追踪方法及其应用.船舶力学,1999(1):44-52
[33] 吴维武,吴家鸣.水动力计算中自由表面处理的研究方法简介.广东造船,2006(3):16-19
[34] 张健,方杰,范波芹.VOF 方法理论与应用综述.水利水电科技进展,2005,25(4):67-70
[35] 王志东.VOF 方法中白由液面重构的方法研究. 水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,2003,18(1):52-56
[36] Rider W.J,Kothe B.D.Reconstructing Volume Tracking.J.Comput.Phys,1998(14):112-152
[37] 张晓东.泄洪洞高速水流三维数值模拟:[博士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005
[38] T.C.Paul.Analytical models for free-surface air core vortex.Indian J.of Power &River Valley Development,1987
[39] T.C.Paul.Vortex-setting basin design consideration.J.of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,117(2)
[40] 黄社华,李炜,程良骏. 旋涡二次流中稀疏颗粒的运动特性研究.动力工程,1999,19(2):65-70
[41] 赵立新,蒋明虎,李枫,等.旋流器分散相液滴受力分析.石油机械,1999,27(5):24-27
[42] 唐毅,吴持恭,周著.设导流墩排沙漏斗清水流场的测试研究.实验力学,1997,12(4):556-563
[43] 王顺久,周著,侯杰,等.漏斗式全沙排沙设施模型试验及原型观测.水力发电,2000,(7):31-33
[44] 邱秀云,侯杰,周著.排沙漏斗的流场特性及输沙机理.中国农村水利水电,1999(4):3-6
[45] 周光埛，严宗毅，许世雄，等.北京: 流体力学.高等教育出版社,2000
[46] 湛含辉.二次流现象及其初步研究.株洲工学院学报,2001,15(3):27-29
[47] 湛含辉,张晓琪,戴财胜,等.水介旋流器中二次流对分选原理的影响试验研究.矿冶工程,2002,22(7):57-61.
[48] 李琳.排沙漏斗结构优化研究:[硕士学位论文].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学.2005