基于振动台试验的高层框支剪力墙结构阻尼特性的研究
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摘要
近二三十年来,随着建筑业的迅猛发展,高层建筑在祖国各地随处可见。建筑高度的不断增加,也使得结构设计、建筑施工变得复杂,难度成倍增加,同时也促使结构理论和计算软件不断向前发展。风载和地震作用在高层建筑结构计算中是主要考虑的荷载工况,对建筑物抵抗灾害的能力起主导作用,而结构阻尼参数的取值又对结构的计算结果影响较大,并随着结构从弹性阶段发展到弹塑性阶段的过程中会不断变化,从而使得结构阻尼的地位在工程中也显得越来越重要,但长期以来,阻尼比的取值都没能得到很好的解决。本文根据一幢1/25的高层框支剪力墙振动台结构模型实验得到的数据,基于几种阻尼理论,分析了影响结构阻尼的各种影响因素,并依据实验模态分析理论,利用MATLAB软件编写程序计算得到模型的动力特性参数(包括阻尼比),最后根据所得到的结果进行分析,拟合出相应的阻尼比经验公式,并用结构有限元软件对结果进行了验证。具体的工作内容如下:
1、整理收集了大量的建筑物、建筑结构构件和建筑材料的阻尼比数据或实验数据,从建筑抗震设计理论的发展历程入手,深入探讨了建筑物阻尼性能在抗震设计理论中的重要作用。同时,对结构阻尼理论的发展及研究现状作了相应的研究。
2、分析影响结构阻尼的各种因素,运用实测结构的真实数据进行分析,同时利用数学方法进行描述,并讨论了不同测量方法对阻尼值的影响,比较现有的几种阻尼比计算经验公式的优缺点和各自的局限性。
3、论述了工程结构模型试验的特点、应用范围及其理论基础,包括相似原理、量纲分析方法等。同时,对本工程模型设计方案、模型相似系数、模型制作及材料性能参数作了具体的说明。
4、介绍了模态实验与参数识别的发展历程,模态分析的类别,然后具体分析了试验模态参数频域识别与时域识别方法的特点。根据本工程的实际情况本文选用了时域识别方法作为实验模态参数识别的理论基础。
5、运用MATLAB软件对本工程实验数据进行时域数据处理(包括最小二乘法消除趋势项、随机减量法、STD法程序识别以及相对位移的程序识别),得到所需要的各地震加速度作用下阻尼比、频率、相对位移等模态参数,综合分析了所得到的模型阻尼比数据并研究其变化规律。然后对所得参数进行阻尼比公式拟合,并运用SATWE有限元结构分析软件对公式计算结果进行了误差分析。
6、最后,总结了本文所做的研究成果究并提出进一步需要研究的问题。
In the past two or three decades,the high-rise buildings can be seen everywhere in the various parts of our nation with the rapid development of the construction. The increasing of the building height,not only makes the structural design and construction more complex and more difficult,but also promotes the constant development in the structure theory and software.The wind or seismic load in the calculation of high-rise building is of a major the load case,which it plays a leading role for the building's ability to resist disasters.However,as the structural damping parameters has a greater impact in terms of the structural calculation,and they will constantly vary with the development of the structure from the elastic stage to the elastic-plastic stage,the role of structural damping in engineering is also becoming more and more important,but in a long time,the value of the damping ratio can't be well solved.In this paper,Based on a 1:25 high-level frame-supported shear wall structure model's test data of the shaking table and several damping theories,the various influencing factors are analyzed,which influence structural damping,then on the basis of experimental modal analysis theory,the dynamic properties of model parameters(including damping ratio) are calculated by the use of MATLAB software programming.Finally on the basis of the results of analysis,the empirical formula of the damping ratio is fitted,and the structural finite element software confirms the results.The main contributions of this paper are as follows.
1) Finished the collection of a large number of buildings,structural components and building materials damping ratio data or experimental data,this paper starts from the development process of the building seismic design theory,and the important role in the seismic design is discussed about the performance of damping in the buildings.At the same time,the development of structural damping theory and results are studied.
2) Each factor that has effected on the structural damping is analyzed.The authentic measured data from the factual structures and mathematic method is applied,and the effect of different measuring method on structural damping is also discussed.
3) The test characteristics of the structural model,the scope of application and the theoretical basis are discussed,including the similarity theory and dimensional analysis methods,etc.At the same time,the engineering model design,model similarity coefficient,modeling and material properties were made to explain.
4) The development process of the modal experiments and parameter identification,the type of.modal analysis are introduced in this paper,then the characteristics of the experimental modal parameters frequency domain identification and time-domain identification methods are analyzed specifically.In accordance with the actual situation in this paper the time-domain identification method was chosen as the theoretical basis of experimental modal parameter identification.
5) Through the use of MATLAB software which deals with the engineering experimental data on the basis of time-domain theory(including the least squares method that eliminates the trend,the random decrement method,STD identification method,and the identification procedures of relative displacement),the modal parameters,about damping ratio,frequency,relative displacement,etc,have been required under the various level seismic acceleration in order to comprehensively analyze the damping ratio of this model and study its changes.Then the damping ratio formula is fitted in according to those parameters and the error is analyzed for the formula results through SATWE finite element structural analysis software.
6) Finally,in this paper all the results of research are summarizes and the further study suggestions are provided.
1、整理收集了大量的建筑物、建筑结构构件和建筑材料的阻尼比数据或实验数据,从建筑抗震设计理论的发展历程入手,深入探讨了建筑物阻尼性能在抗震设计理论中的重要作用。同时,对结构阻尼理论的发展及研究现状作了相应的研究。
2、分析影响结构阻尼的各种因素,运用实测结构的真实数据进行分析,同时利用数学方法进行描述,并讨论了不同测量方法对阻尼值的影响,比较现有的几种阻尼比计算经验公式的优缺点和各自的局限性。
3、论述了工程结构模型试验的特点、应用范围及其理论基础,包括相似原理、量纲分析方法等。同时,对本工程模型设计方案、模型相似系数、模型制作及材料性能参数作了具体的说明。
4、介绍了模态实验与参数识别的发展历程,模态分析的类别,然后具体分析了试验模态参数频域识别与时域识别方法的特点。根据本工程的实际情况本文选用了时域识别方法作为实验模态参数识别的理论基础。
5、运用MATLAB软件对本工程实验数据进行时域数据处理(包括最小二乘法消除趋势项、随机减量法、STD法程序识别以及相对位移的程序识别),得到所需要的各地震加速度作用下阻尼比、频率、相对位移等模态参数,综合分析了所得到的模型阻尼比数据并研究其变化规律。然后对所得参数进行阻尼比公式拟合,并运用SATWE有限元结构分析软件对公式计算结果进行了误差分析。
6、最后,总结了本文所做的研究成果究并提出进一步需要研究的问题。
In the past two or three decades,the high-rise buildings can be seen everywhere in the various parts of our nation with the rapid development of the construction. The increasing of the building height,not only makes the structural design and construction more complex and more difficult,but also promotes the constant development in the structure theory and software.The wind or seismic load in the calculation of high-rise building is of a major the load case,which it plays a leading role for the building's ability to resist disasters.However,as the structural damping parameters has a greater impact in terms of the structural calculation,and they will constantly vary with the development of the structure from the elastic stage to the elastic-plastic stage,the role of structural damping in engineering is also becoming more and more important,but in a long time,the value of the damping ratio can't be well solved.In this paper,Based on a 1:25 high-level frame-supported shear wall structure model's test data of the shaking table and several damping theories,the various influencing factors are analyzed,which influence structural damping,then on the basis of experimental modal analysis theory,the dynamic properties of model parameters(including damping ratio) are calculated by the use of MATLAB software programming.Finally on the basis of the results of analysis,the empirical formula of the damping ratio is fitted,and the structural finite element software confirms the results.The main contributions of this paper are as follows.
1) Finished the collection of a large number of buildings,structural components and building materials damping ratio data or experimental data,this paper starts from the development process of the building seismic design theory,and the important role in the seismic design is discussed about the performance of damping in the buildings.At the same time,the development of structural damping theory and results are studied.
2) Each factor that has effected on the structural damping is analyzed.The authentic measured data from the factual structures and mathematic method is applied,and the effect of different measuring method on structural damping is also discussed.
3) The test characteristics of the structural model,the scope of application and the theoretical basis are discussed,including the similarity theory and dimensional analysis methods,etc.At the same time,the engineering model design,model similarity coefficient,modeling and material properties were made to explain.
4) The development process of the modal experiments and parameter identification,the type of.modal analysis are introduced in this paper,then the characteristics of the experimental modal parameters frequency domain identification and time-domain identification methods are analyzed specifically.In accordance with the actual situation in this paper the time-domain identification method was chosen as the theoretical basis of experimental modal parameter identification.
5) Through the use of MATLAB software which deals with the engineering experimental data on the basis of time-domain theory(including the least squares method that eliminates the trend,the random decrement method,STD identification method,and the identification procedures of relative displacement),the modal parameters,about damping ratio,frequency,relative displacement,etc,have been required under the various level seismic acceleration in order to comprehensively analyze the damping ratio of this model and study its changes.Then the damping ratio formula is fitted in according to those parameters and the error is analyzed for the formula results through SATWE finite element structural analysis software.
6) Finally,in this paper all the results of research are summarizes and the further study suggestions are provided.
引文
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[3]郭明珠,陈厚群.场地类别划分与抗震设计反应谱的讨论.世界地震工程.2003,19(2):108-111
[4]杨溥,李英民,赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标.土木工程学报,2000,33(6):33-37
[5]Veletsos A S,Newmark N M.Effect of inelastic behavior on the response of simple systems to earthquake motion.2nd WCEE,1960:895-912
[6]Newmark N M.高耸结构的地震分析和设计的新趋势.地震工程学(中译本),北京:科学出版社,1978
[7]Newmark N M.A statistical study of inelastic response spectra.In:Proceeding of the second U.S.National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Stanford:EERI,1979,495-504
[8]Newmark N M,Riddell R.Inelastic spectra for seismic design.In:7th WCEE.Istanbul,1980,Vol.4:129-136
[9]Elahadamsi F E,Mohraz B.Inelastic earthquake spectra.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1987,1 S:91-104
[10]Vidic T,Fajfar P,Fischinger M.Consistent inelastic design spectra:strength and displacement.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23:507-521
[11]Lee L H,Han S W,Oh Y H.Determination of ductility factor considering different hysteretic models.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1999,28:957-977
[12]Kowalsky M J,Priestly M J N,Macrae G A.Displacement-based design of RC bridge columns in seismic regions,Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24:1623-1643
[13]Chopra A K,Geol B K.Capacity-demand-diagram methods for estimating seismic deformation for inelastic-structures:SODF systems.Reports No.PEER-1999/02.Berkeley:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1999
[14]Chou C C.An energy-based seismic evaluation procedure for moment-resisting frames[D].University of California,2001
[15]王亚勇.关于设计反应谱、时程法和能量方法的探讨.建筑结构学报,200021(2):21-28
[16]Ye L P,Otani S.Maximum seismic displacement of inelastic system based on energy concept.Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1999,12:1483-1499
[17]孙锐,袁晓铭.液化土层对地表加速度反应谱的影响.世界地震工程,2004,20(3):33-38
[18]薄景山,李秀领,刘德东等.土层结构对反应谱平台值的影响.地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(4):29-33
[19]朱镜清,朱敏.复阻尼地震反应谱的计算方法及其它.地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(2):19-23
[20]Hart G.C,Vasndevan R.Earthquake design of building:damping.Journal of the Structural Division.ASCE.1975.101(1):185-192
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