船舶动态监测技术的研究
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摘要
本文研究船舶交通服务系统中的船舶动态监测技术。论文分为三个部分：
第一部分着重研究提高雷达方位分辨率的问题。提出了一种新的基于神经网络的雷达信号解卷积处理方法，证明了该方法可以突破天线波束主瓣宽度对方位分辨率的约束，实现方位超分辨。依此提出了雷达天线设计的新思路。
第二部分系统地研究基于自组织时分多址接续(STDMA)通信协议的自动识别系统(AIS)。全面评估了STDMA协议各技术细节对AIS监测性能的影响机制和程度；指出了制约监测性能的瓶颈，进而提出改善STDMA—AIS监测性能的新思路。
第三部分专题深入研究误码对STDMA—AIS动态预约的影响机制，提出了定量描述STDMA—AIS吞吐特性的马尔可夫随机过程模型，从而推导出了STDMA—AIS“误码—负荷—吞吐率”关系的的计算公式。
作为对照，本文对采用数字选择性呼叫(DSC)通信协议的AIS技术也进行了深入全面的研究。
This dissertation focuses on the surveillance technology of vessel movements. It contains three parts:
In the first part, an improvement of radar azimuth resolution is studied. A Tank-Hopfield neural network is proposed and proved for removing the convolution effect which is resulted from azimuth sweeping of Radar antenna pattern, so as to break the boundary of azimuth resolution limited by antenna beam width.
In the second part, the Automated Identification System based on Self-Organized TDMA(STDMA) is studied. A thorough evaluation of STDMA protocol is made, thereby the bottleneck of the surveillance performance of STDMA-AIS is highlighted. Then a solution for improving STDMA-AIS is proposed.
In the third part, an extended analysis of the AIS's throughput on an interfered channel is conducted specially. A Marcov-random-processes model is employed for the precise assessment and deduction of the throughput of STDMA-AIS.
For comparison, a thorough evaluation of Digital Selective Calling protocol for AIS is made as well.
第一部分着重研究提高雷达方位分辨率的问题。提出了一种新的基于神经网络的雷达信号解卷积处理方法，证明了该方法可以突破天线波束主瓣宽度对方位分辨率的约束，实现方位超分辨。依此提出了雷达天线设计的新思路。
第二部分系统地研究基于自组织时分多址接续(STDMA)通信协议的自动识别系统(AIS)。全面评估了STDMA协议各技术细节对AIS监测性能的影响机制和程度；指出了制约监测性能的瓶颈，进而提出改善STDMA—AIS监测性能的新思路。
第三部分专题深入研究误码对STDMA—AIS动态预约的影响机制，提出了定量描述STDMA—AIS吞吐特性的马尔可夫随机过程模型，从而推导出了STDMA—AIS“误码—负荷—吞吐率”关系的的计算公式。
作为对照，本文对采用数字选择性呼叫(DSC)通信协议的AIS技术也进行了深入全面的研究。
This dissertation focuses on the surveillance technology of vessel movements. It contains three parts:
In the first part, an improvement of radar azimuth resolution is studied. A Tank-Hopfield neural network is proposed and proved for removing the convolution effect which is resulted from azimuth sweeping of Radar antenna pattern, so as to break the boundary of azimuth resolution limited by antenna beam width.
In the second part, the Automated Identification System based on Self-Organized TDMA(STDMA) is studied. A thorough evaluation of STDMA protocol is made, thereby the bottleneck of the surveillance performance of STDMA-AIS is highlighted. Then a solution for improving STDMA-AIS is proposed.
In the third part, an extended analysis of the AIS's throughput on an interfered channel is conducted specially. A Marcov-random-processes model is employed for the precise assessment and deduction of the throughput of STDMA-AIS.
For comparison, a thorough evaluation of Digital Selective Calling protocol for AIS is made as well.
引文
[1]吴兆麟，海上交通工程，第一版，1993年3月，大连海运学院出版社，pp301—pp302．
[2]HomePage of Denbridge Digital, Introduction of Vessel Traffic System.
[3]Wang Feizhou and Henry Fan Shingleung, Evaluation of AIS Transponder Technologies for Vessel Traffic Service, Proceeding of the ION's 55th Annual Meeting, Institute of Navigation, ION's 55th Annual Meeting, Cambridge, MA, US, July, 1999.
[4]Kim O'Neil, Towards Certification of ADS-B, Flight CNS/ATM Conference, Amsterdam, October, 1996.
[5]Gunnar Frisk, Mike Shorthose, Simulation of ADS-B Using VDL Mode 4 in the LA Basin and Core European Airspace, Technical Report Version 3.O, Swedish Civil Aviation Administration, June 24, 1999.
[6]刘人杰，柳晓明，船舶交通管理电子系统，第一版，1992年11月，大连海运学院出版社，pp12—pp19．
[7][美]杰里L．依伏斯等编，现代雷达原理，卓荣邦等译，第一版，1991年3月，电子工业出版社，pp480—pp507
[8]罗发龙，李衍达，神经网络信号处理，第一版，1993年10月，电子工业出版社，pp13—pp18
[9]焦李成，神经网络计算，第一版，1993年，西安电子科技大学出版社，pp114—pp170
[10]J.T. Radice and W. R. Cairms, "The Prince William Sound Automated Dependent Surveillance System", Annual Assembly Meeting of RTCM Services, San Diego, California, May 2-8, 1993.
[11]ITU-R M.825(ANNEX 1)TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRANSPONDER SYSTEM FOR USE ON MARITIME VHF CHANNELS FOR VTS PURPOSE AND SHIP-TO-SHIP IDENTIFICATION , 1996
[12]ITU-RM. 825 (ANNEX 2) ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A DSC TRANSPONDER USED IN A HIGH-SPEED AIS WITHIN A VTS
[13]GP&C Sweden, VDL MODE 4.MANUAL: APPENDIX B VDL Mode 4 OPERATION AND STANDARDS, V1.O, GP&C Sweden, (21 March 1997)
[14]Rikard Kjellberg, Capacity and Throughput using a Self Organized Time Division Multiple Access VHF Data Ljnk in Surveillance Applications, GP&C Sweden AB, April 1998
[15]IMO-Nav43ais (ANNEX 5)DRAFT RECOMMENDATION ON PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR AN UNI VERSAL SHI PBORNE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(AIS)
[16]樊昌信等，通信原理，第4版，国防工业出版社，1995年10月
[17]程控数字交换原理与应用，第1版，西安交通大学出版社，1993年6月，pp18-pp25
[17]钱敏平，龚光鲁，应用随机过程，北京大学出版社，1998年10月，pp169-pp172
[2]HomePage of Denbridge Digital, Introduction of Vessel Traffic System.
[3]Wang Feizhou and Henry Fan Shingleung, Evaluation of AIS Transponder Technologies for Vessel Traffic Service, Proceeding of the ION's 55th Annual Meeting, Institute of Navigation, ION's 55th Annual Meeting, Cambridge, MA, US, July, 1999.
[4]Kim O'Neil, Towards Certification of ADS-B, Flight CNS/ATM Conference, Amsterdam, October, 1996.
[5]Gunnar Frisk, Mike Shorthose, Simulation of ADS-B Using VDL Mode 4 in the LA Basin and Core European Airspace, Technical Report Version 3.O, Swedish Civil Aviation Administration, June 24, 1999.
[6]刘人杰，柳晓明，船舶交通管理电子系统，第一版，1992年11月，大连海运学院出版社，pp12—pp19．
[7][美]杰里L．依伏斯等编，现代雷达原理，卓荣邦等译，第一版，1991年3月，电子工业出版社，pp480—pp507
[8]罗发龙，李衍达，神经网络信号处理，第一版，1993年10月，电子工业出版社，pp13—pp18
[9]焦李成，神经网络计算，第一版，1993年，西安电子科技大学出版社，pp114—pp170
[10]J.T. Radice and W. R. Cairms, "The Prince William Sound Automated Dependent Surveillance System", Annual Assembly Meeting of RTCM Services, San Diego, California, May 2-8, 1993.
[11]ITU-R M.825(ANNEX 1)TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRANSPONDER SYSTEM FOR USE ON MARITIME VHF CHANNELS FOR VTS PURPOSE AND SHIP-TO-SHIP IDENTIFICATION , 1996
[12]ITU-RM. 825 (ANNEX 2) ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A DSC TRANSPONDER USED IN A HIGH-SPEED AIS WITHIN A VTS
[13]GP&C Sweden, VDL MODE 4.MANUAL: APPENDIX B VDL Mode 4 OPERATION AND STANDARDS, V1.O, GP&C Sweden, (21 March 1997)
[14]Rikard Kjellberg, Capacity and Throughput using a Self Organized Time Division Multiple Access VHF Data Ljnk in Surveillance Applications, GP&C Sweden AB, April 1998
[15]IMO-Nav43ais (ANNEX 5)DRAFT RECOMMENDATION ON PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR AN UNI VERSAL SHI PBORNE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(AIS)
[16]樊昌信等，通信原理，第4版，国防工业出版社，1995年10月
[17]程控数字交换原理与应用，第1版，西安交通大学出版社，1993年6月，pp18-pp25
[17]钱敏平，龚光鲁，应用随机过程，北京大学出版社，1998年10月，pp169-pp172