（TiC+Al_2O_3）/Ti6A14V复合材料的组织和性能研究
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摘要
本文采用熔铸法制备了(TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪、拉伸试验机、磨损试验机等分析测试手段,研究了复合材料的相组成和TiC组织形态转变机制,分析了Al2O3对自生TiC形态的影响规律与机理；考察了增强相含量变化对复合材料的力学性能和耐磨损性能的影响规律,并进一步探讨了该复合材料的强化机理和磨损机制。
研究结果表明,随着C含量从0.6%、0.8%增加到1%,(TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V复合材料中自生的TiC增强相主要有4种形态：共晶的颗粒状、棒状、羽毛状以及初生树枝状。随着Al2O3含量的增加,TiC增强相尺寸逐渐变得细小,分布更加均匀,同时粗大的树枝晶逐渐减少、消失。外加的Al2O3对TiC生长界面前沿的传质、传热过程造成影响,从而阻碍TiC的充分生长,起到细化作用。
随着增强相TiC、Al2O3含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、抗压强度逐渐提高,塑性变形量逐渐减小,断裂方式由韧窝韧性断裂和沿晶脆性断裂的混合断裂方式逐渐转变为脆性断裂。含1%C、2% Al2O3的(TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V复合材料的强度最高,达2070MPa。增强相在基体合金的滑移变形中起到钉扎位错、阻碍位错运动的作用,使基体合金变形抗力增大,从而起到强化作用。
随着TiC、Al2O3增强相含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能逐渐提高,磨损表面由连续的深刻犁沟分布转变为有少量的轻微擦伤的光滑涂抹痕迹,磨损机制逐渐由严重的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的黏着磨损。在模拟体液环境下,由于体液的润滑效果和流动性带走了部分磨损颗粒,使复合材料的耐磨性比干磨损时更好。高硬耐磨的TiC、Al2O3增强相阻止掉落的硬质颗粒压入材料表面形成犁沟等严重磨损,减少了磨损量,提高了复合材料的耐磨性。
In situ TiC particles and Al2O3 particles reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composites has been successfully fabricated using melting-casting process. The phase constituent and evolution of TiC in the composites and the effect of Al2O3 on morphology of TiC were investigated. The compression properties and wear performance were also tested. These experiments were carried out on X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), wear testing machine, universal material testing machine.
It is resulted that there are four morphologies of reinforced phase in the (TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V composites: granules, bar, featheriness and dendrite morphology along with C content growing from 0.6%,0.8% to 1%. With the increasing of Al2O3 volume fraction, the exiguous dendrite TiC were replaced with short-bar shaped particles, The average grain size of TiC dendrite was decreased gradually and has been fairly well-distributed. Sur-Al2O3 has an effect on mass and heat transfer in the front of TiC growth interface, thus the full growth of TiC has been prevented, then the primary TiC becomes finer.
The hardness and the compressive properties of (TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V composites increases, and the plastic strain reduces gradually with an increase of TiC and Al2O3 particulate content. The compressive properties of the composites with 1%C,2% Al2O3 was highest, about 2070MPa. The fracture of the composites was diverted from the manner of intergranular brittle fracture with dimple gliding fracture to the manner of intergranular brittle fracture with the increase of the reinforcements TiC and Al2O3. The reinforcement can enhance the deformational resistance of the substrate alloys through locking mechanism and hindering the movement of the dislocation in the sliding deformation.
The wear resistance of the composites has gradually improved with the increase of the reinforcements TiC and Al2O3. It is found that the wear surface of the composites changes from the continual profound grinding groove to the small amount of slight chafing morphology, and the abrasion mechanism varies from serious abrasive grain abrasion to slight adhesive wear. The results indicate that the wear resistance of the composites in the simulated body fluid is better than in dry-slidy could reduce liding wear because of some abrasive debris being carried off by the lubricant performance and the floating fluid of the simulated body fluid. The reinforcements of high hardness and abrasion resistant TiC, Al2O3 could reduce the abrasion and improve the abrasion resistance of the composites by preventing the falling flinty debris from being pressed into the surface of composites to cause the serious attrition as grinding groove.
研究结果表明,随着C含量从0.6%、0.8%增加到1%,(TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V复合材料中自生的TiC增强相主要有4种形态：共晶的颗粒状、棒状、羽毛状以及初生树枝状。随着Al2O3含量的增加,TiC增强相尺寸逐渐变得细小,分布更加均匀,同时粗大的树枝晶逐渐减少、消失。外加的Al2O3对TiC生长界面前沿的传质、传热过程造成影响,从而阻碍TiC的充分生长,起到细化作用。
随着增强相TiC、Al2O3含量的增加,复合材料的硬度、抗压强度逐渐提高,塑性变形量逐渐减小,断裂方式由韧窝韧性断裂和沿晶脆性断裂的混合断裂方式逐渐转变为脆性断裂。含1%C、2% Al2O3的(TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V复合材料的强度最高,达2070MPa。增强相在基体合金的滑移变形中起到钉扎位错、阻碍位错运动的作用,使基体合金变形抗力增大,从而起到强化作用。
随着TiC、Al2O3增强相含量的增加,复合材料的耐磨性能逐渐提高,磨损表面由连续的深刻犁沟分布转变为有少量的轻微擦伤的光滑涂抹痕迹,磨损机制逐渐由严重的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的黏着磨损。在模拟体液环境下,由于体液的润滑效果和流动性带走了部分磨损颗粒,使复合材料的耐磨性比干磨损时更好。高硬耐磨的TiC、Al2O3增强相阻止掉落的硬质颗粒压入材料表面形成犁沟等严重磨损,减少了磨损量,提高了复合材料的耐磨性。
In situ TiC particles and Al2O3 particles reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composites has been successfully fabricated using melting-casting process. The phase constituent and evolution of TiC in the composites and the effect of Al2O3 on morphology of TiC were investigated. The compression properties and wear performance were also tested. These experiments were carried out on X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), wear testing machine, universal material testing machine.
It is resulted that there are four morphologies of reinforced phase in the (TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V composites: granules, bar, featheriness and dendrite morphology along with C content growing from 0.6%,0.8% to 1%. With the increasing of Al2O3 volume fraction, the exiguous dendrite TiC were replaced with short-bar shaped particles, The average grain size of TiC dendrite was decreased gradually and has been fairly well-distributed. Sur-Al2O3 has an effect on mass and heat transfer in the front of TiC growth interface, thus the full growth of TiC has been prevented, then the primary TiC becomes finer.
The hardness and the compressive properties of (TiC+Al2O3)/Ti6Al4V composites increases, and the plastic strain reduces gradually with an increase of TiC and Al2O3 particulate content. The compressive properties of the composites with 1%C,2% Al2O3 was highest, about 2070MPa. The fracture of the composites was diverted from the manner of intergranular brittle fracture with dimple gliding fracture to the manner of intergranular brittle fracture with the increase of the reinforcements TiC and Al2O3. The reinforcement can enhance the deformational resistance of the substrate alloys through locking mechanism and hindering the movement of the dislocation in the sliding deformation.
The wear resistance of the composites has gradually improved with the increase of the reinforcements TiC and Al2O3. It is found that the wear surface of the composites changes from the continual profound grinding groove to the small amount of slight chafing morphology, and the abrasion mechanism varies from serious abrasive grain abrasion to slight adhesive wear. The results indicate that the wear resistance of the composites in the simulated body fluid is better than in dry-slidy could reduce liding wear because of some abrasive debris being carried off by the lubricant performance and the floating fluid of the simulated body fluid. The reinforcements of high hardness and abrasion resistant TiC, Al2O3 could reduce the abrasion and improve the abrasion resistance of the composites by preventing the falling flinty debris from being pressed into the surface of composites to cause the serious attrition as grinding groove.
引文
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