相控阵雷达系统相干视频仿真与研究
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摘要
相控阵雷达是一个庞大、复杂的电子系统，对其进行逼真的模拟，必须分析其构成及工作原理，然后进行功能的分解、融合，转化为相应的数学模型；进而转换为适合于计算机运算的仿真模型，并进行仿真试验和校模。
本文针对相控阵雷达相干视频仿真系统中的几个关键技术问题进行了探讨，分析了信号在相控阵雷达系统中的传输、处理过程；在不影响仿真精度的前提下，进行了适当的简化和替代等效，构建了仿真系统的模块化结构；探讨了相干视频信号仿真中信号的表示方法，探讨了系统采样率选取的问题；研究了在仿真中如何实现信号的相参性，以及如何产生相参雷达压制式干扰信号的问题；分析了地基相控阵雷达的杂波特性，用零记忆非线性变换(ZMNL)和球不变随机过程(SIRP)两种方法模拟产生了相关非高斯杂波序列；对相控阵雷达数据处理中的航迹关联和跟踪滤波算法进行了研究，提出了在不同雷达事件类型下航迹的波门选取方法和配对规则，并对雷达探测球坐标系和跟踪滤波直角坐标系之间转换带来的观测误差相关问题进行了分析；针对相控阵雷达资源的有效利用问题，提出了一种基于新息范数的目标自适应数据率跟踪方法，计算机仿真试验验证了该方法的有效性。
Several realization technologies of phased-array radar coherent video-frequency signal process simulation are studied in this paper. For phased-array radar is a bulky and complicated electronic system, its work principle and form must be clearly analyzed and then decomposed or fused. Then, phased-array radar system can be translated into homologous mathematical models and then the mathematical models are translated into simulation models which are suitable for computer. Lastly, the simulation models are tested and verified.
Several critical technologic problems of coherent video frequency simulation system of phased-array radar are discussed in this paper. Firstly, transmission and processing procedure of signal in the phased-array radar system are analyzed and the simulation systemic modular structure of phased-array radar is founded. Secondly, the signal denotation in the coherent video simulation system is discussed and the problem of selecting the system sampling rate is also studied. Thirdly, the problem of how to realize signal coherency in the system simulation and how to generate broadband jamming signal of coherent radar are studied. Fourth, noise characteristic of phased-array radar is analyzed and non-Gaussian correlation noise data is generated with the method of zero- memory non-linear transformation(ZMNL) and spherical invariant random processing (SERF).
Lastly, association algorithm and tracking filtering algorithm in the data processing of phased array radar are studied. The method of selecting tracking gate and the partnership rule are presented and the problem of observation error with the rectangular coordinate system and the spherical coordinate system is analyzed. According to the problem of resource efficient utilization of phased array radar, a tracking technology of target adaptation adapting data rate based on the innovation norm is presented and the validity is validated with the computer simulation test.
本文针对相控阵雷达相干视频仿真系统中的几个关键技术问题进行了探讨，分析了信号在相控阵雷达系统中的传输、处理过程；在不影响仿真精度的前提下，进行了适当的简化和替代等效，构建了仿真系统的模块化结构；探讨了相干视频信号仿真中信号的表示方法，探讨了系统采样率选取的问题；研究了在仿真中如何实现信号的相参性，以及如何产生相参雷达压制式干扰信号的问题；分析了地基相控阵雷达的杂波特性，用零记忆非线性变换(ZMNL)和球不变随机过程(SIRP)两种方法模拟产生了相关非高斯杂波序列；对相控阵雷达数据处理中的航迹关联和跟踪滤波算法进行了研究，提出了在不同雷达事件类型下航迹的波门选取方法和配对规则，并对雷达探测球坐标系和跟踪滤波直角坐标系之间转换带来的观测误差相关问题进行了分析；针对相控阵雷达资源的有效利用问题，提出了一种基于新息范数的目标自适应数据率跟踪方法，计算机仿真试验验证了该方法的有效性。
Several realization technologies of phased-array radar coherent video-frequency signal process simulation are studied in this paper. For phased-array radar is a bulky and complicated electronic system, its work principle and form must be clearly analyzed and then decomposed or fused. Then, phased-array radar system can be translated into homologous mathematical models and then the mathematical models are translated into simulation models which are suitable for computer. Lastly, the simulation models are tested and verified.
Several critical technologic problems of coherent video frequency simulation system of phased-array radar are discussed in this paper. Firstly, transmission and processing procedure of signal in the phased-array radar system are analyzed and the simulation systemic modular structure of phased-array radar is founded. Secondly, the signal denotation in the coherent video simulation system is discussed and the problem of selecting the system sampling rate is also studied. Thirdly, the problem of how to realize signal coherency in the system simulation and how to generate broadband jamming signal of coherent radar are studied. Fourth, noise characteristic of phased-array radar is analyzed and non-Gaussian correlation noise data is generated with the method of zero- memory non-linear transformation(ZMNL) and spherical invariant random processing (SERF).
Lastly, association algorithm and tracking filtering algorithm in the data processing of phased array radar are studied. The method of selecting tracking gate and the partnership rule are presented and the problem of observation error with the rectangular coordinate system and the spherical coordinate system is analyzed. According to the problem of resource efficient utilization of phased array radar, a tracking technology of target adaptation adapting data rate based on the innovation norm is presented and the validity is validated with the computer simulation test.
引文
[1]R．L．米切尔[美]著，陈迅达译，雷达系统模拟，科学出版社，1982．
[2]王国玉，肖顺平，汪连栋著，电子系统建模仿真与评估，国防科技大学出版社，1999．
[3]James L.Marier. Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Generation for Radar Detection and Track[J].IEEE Trans on AES,1995,31(2).
[4]Rangaswamy M,Weiner D. Computer generation of correlated non-gaussian clutter[J]. IEEE Trans on AES,q995,31p106115.
[5]蔡庆宇，薛毅，张伯彦著．相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术．北京：国防工业出版社．1997．
[6]梁泰基，刘福声等著．统计无线电．长沙：国防科技大学．1987．p120-122．
[7]马晓岩，向家彬等编著．雷达信号处理．长沙：湖南科学技术出版社．1998．p26-29．
[8]丁鹭飞，耿富录编著．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．p50．
[9]赵国庆主编．雷达对抗原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1999．p124．
[10]李素芝，万建伟编著．时域离散信号处理．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．1994．
[11]Muralidhar Rangaswamy,,Donald Weiner. Computer Generation of Correlated Non-Gaussian Radar Clutter. IEEE Trans on AES,VOL.31,NO.1 JANUARY 1995.
[12]丁鹭飞，耿富录编著．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2000．
[13]Fang Sujuan,LiWugao,Zhu Dejun. Modelling and simulation of non-Oaussian correlatedclutter. In:li Nengiing,ed.IEEE 1996 CIE International Conference of Radar.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1996.p195-199
[14]张戎宝．现代雷达杂波模拟的一些新方法．信号处理，1994，10(2)，p93-93
[15]蒋咏梅．叶簇穿透超宽带SAR目标检测方法研究．工学博士论文，国防科技大学研究生院，1998．
[16]皇甫堪，陈建文编著．现代数字信号处理．内部教材．国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院．2002，9
[17]Kung Yao. A Representation Theorem and Its Applications to Sphefically-Invariant Random Process. 1EEE Trans on IT, VOL.IT-19,No.5,September 1973.
[18]Conte,E.,and Longo,M.(1987) Characterization of radar clutter as a spherically invariant random process. IEEE Proceedings,Pt.F(Commtmication,Radar, and Signal Processing), 134,2(1987), 191-197.
[19]Muralidhar.Rangswamy ,Donald Weiner. Non-Gaussian Random Vector Identification Using Spherically Invafiant Random Process. IEEE Trans on AES VOL.29,No.1 JANUARY 1993.
[20]Modestino,J,W.,and Ningo,A.Y,(1979) Detection of weak signals in narrowband
non-Gaussian noise. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, IT-25(1979),p592-600.
[21] Blake,I.F.,and Thomas,J.B.(1968) On a class of processes arising in linear estimation theory. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, IT-14(1968).p12-16.
[22] Erdelyi,A.,Magnus,W.,and Oberhettinger,.F.(1954) Tables of Intergrals Transform. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1954.p24.
[23] Bratley.P.,Fox.B.,and Schrage,L.(1978). A Guide to Simulation. New York:Springer-Verlag, 1978.
[24] EL-Hadidi M T, Mostafa S A. Biasdness properties for a class of kalman-like estimators. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 1983,28(11):p1048-1051.
[25] FarinaA,Studer FA. Radar data processing. England:Research Studies Press Ltd.,1985.
[26] Lefferta R E.Adaptive correlation region for alpha-beta tracking filters. IEEE Trans on AES, 1981,17(6):p738-747.
[27] 周宏仁，敬忠良，王培德著．机动目标跟踪．北京：国防工业出版社．1991．
[28] Bar-Shalom Y, Birmiwal K. Variable dimension filter for maneuvering target tracking. IEEE Trans on AES, 1982,18(5):p611-619.
[29] COHEN, S.A Adaptive variable rate algorithm for tracking targets with a phase array radar, IEE Proc.F, 1986,133,(3), pp277-280
[30] GARDNER,L.A, and MULLEN,R.J Constant gain tracker with variale frame time, IEEE Trans.,1988,AES-24,(4),pp.322-326
[31] H-J.Shin,S-M,Hong,D-H.Hong Adaptive-update-rate target tracking for phased-array radar, IEE Proc-Radara,Sonar Navig.,Vol. 142,No.3,June 1995
[2]王国玉，肖顺平，汪连栋著，电子系统建模仿真与评估，国防科技大学出版社，1999．
[3]James L.Marier. Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Generation for Radar Detection and Track[J].IEEE Trans on AES,1995,31(2).
[4]Rangaswamy M,Weiner D. Computer generation of correlated non-gaussian clutter[J]. IEEE Trans on AES,q995,31p106115.
[5]蔡庆宇，薛毅，张伯彦著．相控阵雷达数据处理及其仿真技术．北京：国防工业出版社．1997．
[6]梁泰基，刘福声等著．统计无线电．长沙：国防科技大学．1987．p120-122．
[7]马晓岩，向家彬等编著．雷达信号处理．长沙：湖南科学技术出版社．1998．p26-29．
[8]丁鹭飞，耿富录编著．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．p50．
[9]赵国庆主编．雷达对抗原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1999．p124．
[10]李素芝，万建伟编著．时域离散信号处理．长沙：国防科技大学出版社．1994．
[11]Muralidhar Rangaswamy,,Donald Weiner. Computer Generation of Correlated Non-Gaussian Radar Clutter. IEEE Trans on AES,VOL.31,NO.1 JANUARY 1995.
[12]丁鹭飞，耿富录编著．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2000．
[13]Fang Sujuan,LiWugao,Zhu Dejun. Modelling and simulation of non-Oaussian correlatedclutter. In:li Nengiing,ed.IEEE 1996 CIE International Conference of Radar.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 1996.p195-199
[14]张戎宝．现代雷达杂波模拟的一些新方法．信号处理，1994，10(2)，p93-93
[15]蒋咏梅．叶簇穿透超宽带SAR目标检测方法研究．工学博士论文，国防科技大学研究生院，1998．
[16]皇甫堪，陈建文编著．现代数字信号处理．内部教材．国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院．2002，9
[17]Kung Yao. A Representation Theorem and Its Applications to Sphefically-Invariant Random Process. 1EEE Trans on IT, VOL.IT-19,No.5,September 1973.
[18]Conte,E.,and Longo,M.(1987) Characterization of radar clutter as a spherically invariant random process. IEEE Proceedings,Pt.F(Commtmication,Radar, and Signal Processing), 134,2(1987), 191-197.
[19]Muralidhar.Rangswamy ,Donald Weiner. Non-Gaussian Random Vector Identification Using Spherically Invafiant Random Process. IEEE Trans on AES VOL.29,No.1 JANUARY 1993.
[20]Modestino,J,W.,and Ningo,A.Y,(1979) Detection of weak signals in narrowband
non-Gaussian noise. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, IT-25(1979),p592-600.
[21] Blake,I.F.,and Thomas,J.B.(1968) On a class of processes arising in linear estimation theory. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, IT-14(1968).p12-16.
[22] Erdelyi,A.,Magnus,W.,and Oberhettinger,.F.(1954) Tables of Intergrals Transform. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1954.p24.
[23] Bratley.P.,Fox.B.,and Schrage,L.(1978). A Guide to Simulation. New York:Springer-Verlag, 1978.
[24] EL-Hadidi M T, Mostafa S A. Biasdness properties for a class of kalman-like estimators. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control, 1983,28(11):p1048-1051.
[25] FarinaA,Studer FA. Radar data processing. England:Research Studies Press Ltd.,1985.
[26] Lefferta R E.Adaptive correlation region for alpha-beta tracking filters. IEEE Trans on AES, 1981,17(6):p738-747.
[27] 周宏仁，敬忠良，王培德著．机动目标跟踪．北京：国防工业出版社．1991．
[28] Bar-Shalom Y, Birmiwal K. Variable dimension filter for maneuvering target tracking. IEEE Trans on AES, 1982,18(5):p611-619.
[29] COHEN, S.A Adaptive variable rate algorithm for tracking targets with a phase array radar, IEE Proc.F, 1986,133,(3), pp277-280
[30] GARDNER,L.A, and MULLEN,R.J Constant gain tracker with variale frame time, IEEE Trans.,1988,AES-24,(4),pp.322-326
[31] H-J.Shin,S-M,Hong,D-H.Hong Adaptive-update-rate target tracking for phased-array radar, IEE Proc-Radara,Sonar Navig.,Vol. 142,No.3,June 1995