臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统
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摘要
臭氧是高效且无二次污染的强氧化剂，在自来水、城市生活及工业污废水的处理方面得到广泛的应用。随着社会与经济的发展，我国自来水与污废水处理对采用臭氧工艺的需求越来越大，但我国大容量臭氧产生装置的制造技术比较落后、单机容量小、运行费用高、自动化程度低，特别是还没有在线检测臭氧浓度的系统，不能实现臭氧生产的自动调节，使得臭氧产量要么偏低，满足不了水处理的要求，要么过高，剩余臭氧过多，造成电能浪费，增加设备运行成本。因此，研究臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统对提高我国大容量臭氧产生装置的技术水平具有重要的意义与价值。本文从理论上研究介质阻挡放电法产生臭氧过程中，臭氧浓度与供电电源之间的数学关系，为构成闭环控制系统提供了理论依据；设计基于89C51单片机采用紫外吸收法的臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统。该系统除在线检测臭氧浓度和产量的功能外，增加对气源流量和气体温度的在线检测功能，可实现对生产装置的气源系统和冷却系统突发性故障诊断与报警，还可通过RS485接口与供电电源CPU通讯实现臭氧浓度闭环控制。
论文的主要内容如下：
(1) 分析介质阻挡放电方式下空气型气源臭氧产生的化学变化过程，得到单位放电能量产生的臭氧分子理论计算公式，根据臭氧发生器等效电路，得出一定条件下臭氧浓度和产量与外加电压之间的数学关系式作为实现闭环控制的依据。
(2) 介绍常用碘化钾滴定法、乙烯化学发光法和紫外辐射吸收法三种臭氧浓度检测方法的工作原理，比较它们的优缺点。选择紫外辐射吸收法作为臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统使用的检测方法。
(3) 设计由光源、光路和电路三个子系统组成的臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统。由光强稳定的低压弧光放电汞灯和由带通滤光片构成的光调理器组成光源子系统；光路子系统采用单光路测量法；对浓度、温度和流量的测量使用去极值平均滤波技术，并设计一种新型采集电路实现了温度传感器输出的线性转换。
(4) 采用模块化与结构化相结合的方式编写系统程序；使用双积分式A／D转换器、电源干扰的抑制、数字滤波、“指令冗余”、“软件陷阱”和“看门狗”等软硬件抗干扰措施，保证电路子系统的正常工作和稳定运行。
(5) 给出系统样机在300g／h臭氧发生装置上的试验运行结果，并与碘化钾滴定法的测试结果比较，验证论文理论研究的正确性和系统的有效性。
Ozone is a kind of strong oxidant which has high efficiency without bis pollution, so it is widely applied to the disposal of the tap water, municipal sewage, domestic fecal sewage and industrial sewage. With the development of society and economy, the demand for the ozone technology is more and more apllied to the disposal of the tap water and sewage in our country. But the technology of home-made large-capacity ozone generator is relatively backward, for example, the generator has smaller capacity, the productive outlays is higher, the degree of automatization is lower. Especially the ozone generator which can online measure the ozone concentration has not emerged, so the ozone generator can not realize the automatization in the course of ozone production. On one hand, if the output is fewer, it doesn't meet the demand for the disposal of the tap water and sewage. On the other hand, if the output is excessive, it wastes the electric energy and increases the productive outlays. So the research of the online
automatic measuring system of ozone concentration is important and valuable, which can improve the level of the home-made large-capacity ozone generator. This thesis studies the mathematic relation between the ozone concentration and the applied voltage in the course of ozone which is generated by dielectric barrier discharge. The relation offers the bases for the ozone generator realizing the closed-loop control. This thesis designs the automatic system that can online measure ozone concentration, the system is based on the 89C51 single-chip and adopts the ultraviolet ray absorbing law. This system not only can realize the function of online measuring the ozone concentration and output, but also realize the function of online measuring the ozone temperature and velocity of flow, which can deal with the trouble and give an alarm when the air source system or the cooling system is failure. Furthermore it can communication with the CPU of power supply via the RS485 interface, which can realize the closed-loop
control for ozone generator.
The main content of the thesis is following:
(1) The chemical change that the air produces the ozone in manner of dielectric barrier discharge is analyzed, and the calculation formula that the number of ozone molecule which is produced by the unit discharge energy is found out. Based on the equivalent circuit of the ozone generator, the calculation formula of the ozone concentration and the mathematics relation expressions between the ozone
concentration and applied voltage under certain conditions is proposed, which offers the bases for the closed-loop control of ozone production.
(2) Three kinds of operation principle which measures ozone concentration at present is recommended: KI titration law, ethylene giving out light law and the ultraviolet ray absorbing law, and these method's own pluses and minuses is compared. The ultraviolet ray absorbing law is suitable for the automatic system which online measuring ozone concentration is found.
(3) The configuration of the automatic system which online measures ozone concentration is designed. The system is made up of three parts: lamp-house subsystem, light subsystem and circuit subsystem. Lamp-house subsystem is made of the mercury-arc lamp which radiates in the low air pressure and effects luminosity stabilization, and the dimmer which is a kind of bandwidth filter. A measuring method which adopts single ray irradiating ozone concentration into the light subsystem is introduced. In the course of measuring luminosity, temperature and velocity of flow, the technology which gets rid of the extreme value and calculates the average value is used. A new kind of circuit which can realize linear transform for the temperature sensor is designed.
(4) According to the means of modulization and structurization the programme is combined to write. A few of anti-jamming measures which combines hardware with software is used, such as the double integral A/D converter, the restraining of power interferes, digi
论文的主要内容如下：
(1) 分析介质阻挡放电方式下空气型气源臭氧产生的化学变化过程，得到单位放电能量产生的臭氧分子理论计算公式，根据臭氧发生器等效电路，得出一定条件下臭氧浓度和产量与外加电压之间的数学关系式作为实现闭环控制的依据。
(2) 介绍常用碘化钾滴定法、乙烯化学发光法和紫外辐射吸收法三种臭氧浓度检测方法的工作原理，比较它们的优缺点。选择紫外辐射吸收法作为臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统使用的检测方法。
(3) 设计由光源、光路和电路三个子系统组成的臭氧浓度在线自动检测系统。由光强稳定的低压弧光放电汞灯和由带通滤光片构成的光调理器组成光源子系统；光路子系统采用单光路测量法；对浓度、温度和流量的测量使用去极值平均滤波技术，并设计一种新型采集电路实现了温度传感器输出的线性转换。
(4) 采用模块化与结构化相结合的方式编写系统程序；使用双积分式A／D转换器、电源干扰的抑制、数字滤波、“指令冗余”、“软件陷阱”和“看门狗”等软硬件抗干扰措施，保证电路子系统的正常工作和稳定运行。
(5) 给出系统样机在300g／h臭氧发生装置上的试验运行结果，并与碘化钾滴定法的测试结果比较，验证论文理论研究的正确性和系统的有效性。
Ozone is a kind of strong oxidant which has high efficiency without bis pollution, so it is widely applied to the disposal of the tap water, municipal sewage, domestic fecal sewage and industrial sewage. With the development of society and economy, the demand for the ozone technology is more and more apllied to the disposal of the tap water and sewage in our country. But the technology of home-made large-capacity ozone generator is relatively backward, for example, the generator has smaller capacity, the productive outlays is higher, the degree of automatization is lower. Especially the ozone generator which can online measure the ozone concentration has not emerged, so the ozone generator can not realize the automatization in the course of ozone production. On one hand, if the output is fewer, it doesn't meet the demand for the disposal of the tap water and sewage. On the other hand, if the output is excessive, it wastes the electric energy and increases the productive outlays. So the research of the online
automatic measuring system of ozone concentration is important and valuable, which can improve the level of the home-made large-capacity ozone generator. This thesis studies the mathematic relation between the ozone concentration and the applied voltage in the course of ozone which is generated by dielectric barrier discharge. The relation offers the bases for the ozone generator realizing the closed-loop control. This thesis designs the automatic system that can online measure ozone concentration, the system is based on the 89C51 single-chip and adopts the ultraviolet ray absorbing law. This system not only can realize the function of online measuring the ozone concentration and output, but also realize the function of online measuring the ozone temperature and velocity of flow, which can deal with the trouble and give an alarm when the air source system or the cooling system is failure. Furthermore it can communication with the CPU of power supply via the RS485 interface, which can realize the closed-loop
control for ozone generator.
The main content of the thesis is following:
(1) The chemical change that the air produces the ozone in manner of dielectric barrier discharge is analyzed, and the calculation formula that the number of ozone molecule which is produced by the unit discharge energy is found out. Based on the equivalent circuit of the ozone generator, the calculation formula of the ozone concentration and the mathematics relation expressions between the ozone
concentration and applied voltage under certain conditions is proposed, which offers the bases for the closed-loop control of ozone production.
(2) Three kinds of operation principle which measures ozone concentration at present is recommended: KI titration law, ethylene giving out light law and the ultraviolet ray absorbing law, and these method's own pluses and minuses is compared. The ultraviolet ray absorbing law is suitable for the automatic system which online measuring ozone concentration is found.
(3) The configuration of the automatic system which online measures ozone concentration is designed. The system is made up of three parts: lamp-house subsystem, light subsystem and circuit subsystem. Lamp-house subsystem is made of the mercury-arc lamp which radiates in the low air pressure and effects luminosity stabilization, and the dimmer which is a kind of bandwidth filter. A measuring method which adopts single ray irradiating ozone concentration into the light subsystem is introduced. In the course of measuring luminosity, temperature and velocity of flow, the technology which gets rid of the extreme value and calculates the average value is used. A new kind of circuit which can realize linear transform for the temperature sensor is designed.
(4) According to the means of modulization and structurization the programme is combined to write. A few of anti-jamming measures which combines hardware with software is used, such as the double integral A/D converter, the restraining of power interferes, digi
引文
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[2] J Kitayama, M Kuzumoto, Analysis of ozone generation from air in silent discharge. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1999, 13(32):3032-3040
[3] A A Garamoon, F F Elakshar, A M Nossair, et al. Experimental study of ozone synthesis. Plasma Sources Sci Technol, 2002, 4(11):254-259
[4] I D Chalmers, R C Baird, T Kelly. Control of an ozone generator-theory and pratice. Meas Sci Technol, 1998, 7(8):983-988
[5] S Yagi, M Tanaka. Mechanism of ozone generation in air-fed ozonisers. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1979, 6(12): 1063-1068
[6] J F Loiseau, F Lacassie, C Monge, et al. Numerical simulation of ozone axial and radial distribution in a cylindrical oxygen-fed ozonizer. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1997, 1(27):63-73
[7] M Abdel Salam, A Hashem, A Yehia, et al. Characteristics of corona and silent discharges as infuenced by geometry of the discharge reactor. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2003, 4(36):252-260
[8] V V Ivanov, N A Popov, O V Proshina, et al. Study of the Ozone Production and Loss during Oxygen Photolysis in a VUV Ozonator Chamber. Technical Physics Letters, 2001, 1(27):29-31
[9] S Hadj Ziane, B Held, P Pignolet, et al. Ozone production in an oxygen-fed wire to cylinder ozonizer. J Phys D Appl Phys, 1990, 15(23): 1390-1395
[10] W J M Samaranayake, T Namihira, S Katsuki. Pulsed power production of ozone using nonnthermal gas discharges, IEEE. 2001, 4(17): 97-105
[11] Yukihiro, Kamase, Masami, et al. Pulsed high voltage source for ozone generator. IEEE, 1991, 5(7):693-697
[12] Yukiaru, Nomoto, Toshileazu, et al. Improvement of ozone yield by a silient-surface hybrid discharge ozonier. IEEE, 1995, 11(12): 1995-1999
[13] 白希尧，沈丽，白敏的．强电离放电产生高浓度臭氧的基础理论与方法研究．自然杂志，2000，5(4)：76-80
[14] 葛子良，吴於人．工业臭氧发生器的技术改进．高电压技术，1999，25(3)：
66-67
[15] 邓秋农，沈光辉，袁仁涛等．臭氧技术的现状及发展趋势．净水技术，2001，2O(3)：7-10
[16] 徐学基，诸定昌．气体放电物理．复旦大学出版社，1996，309-323
[17] 白希尧，张芝涛，沈丽等．臭氧产生方法及其应用．自然杂志，2001，22(6)：347-354
[18] 张波，岳朝松，储金宇等．臭氧发生器运行参数的正交试验研究．高电压技术，2002，28(10)：43-44
[19] 周迅，杨学昌．臭氧发生器中放电形式的研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，39(9)：26-28
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