致密气藏动态分析方法及软件研制
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摘要
我国天然气探明储量非常丰富,其地质储量超过了10000×10~8 m~3,但储层物性比较差,大部分都属于低渗透和特低渗透气藏。低渗气藏的动态分析是这类气藏开发的核心工作,掌握和分析低渗致密气藏、气井的开采动态,研究其动态变化特征,是认识低渗致密气藏的主要工作。只有深入的分析低渗致密气藏的动态变化规律,才能加深对低渗致密气藏的认识,从而确定最合理的开采方案、以及编制切实可行的气田生产规划,最后使这类气藏的勘探和开发达到一个良性循环。
本文简要介绍了低渗致密气藏开发的国内外研究现状,并分析了低渗致密气藏的地质特征及渗流机理。接着介绍了气藏储量动态分析方法,然后利用不稳定试井分析的基本原理,对传统产量递减分析进行了改进,建立了现代生产动态分析方法,形成了递减曲线典型图版,实现了在不关井条件下利用气井日常生产数据计算储层渗透率、表皮系数、井控半径、地质储量的目的。生产动态分析的基本思想是通过引入新的无因次流量、压力参数和拟时间函数,在不稳定试井理论与传统的产量递减分析技术的基础上,利用递减典型曲线拟合的方法,分析日常生产数据,最终计算储层渗透率、表皮系数(裂缝半长)、井控半径、井控储量等参数。生产动态分析方法主要有传统的Arps、Fetkovich方法,现代的Blasingame、Agarwal-Gardner(A-G)、规整化压力积分(NPI)、流动物质平衡等方法。本文系统地介绍了这些方法的基本原理及适用条件,并运用自行编制的软件分析了某气藏典型井的生产动态分析。
China's current proved gas reserve, the majority are low permeability gas reservior or low permeability gas reservoir, the geological reserves of which are more than 10000×10~8 m~3 .Dynamic analysis of low permeability gas reservoirs is the core work for such reservoir’s exploration, and it runs through the entire gas reservoir engineering research and development management of field, and it covers a relatively wide range of content which is very rich in a number of analytical methods. Understand and analyze the tight gas reservoirs, the exploitation of gas dy namics, to study the dynamic characteristics, low permeability tight gas reservoirs is the understanding of the main work. Both for the tight gas reservoir development forecast, or the preparation of development programs, dynamic analysis is very important to the basic work. Only in-depth understanding of the low permeability tight gas reservoirs of the dynamic changes of in order to deepen the understanding of low permeability tight gas reservoirs, to determine the most reasonable of the mining plan, and the preparation of feasibility of gas production planning, and finally the low permeability tight gas reservoirs exploration and development to a virtuous cycle.
This paper introduces briefly research generalization home and abroad on the development of low permeability gas reservoir, the test and theory’s research present situation of low permeability gas reservoir infiltrating fluid and the key techniques of developing low permeability gas reservoir. And then this paper also briefly elaborates gas reservoir and gas well production dynamic forecast method. Besides, this paper introduces an improved method for production decline analyse using the basic theory for well test and builds an dynamic analysis method for the present production, which can produce typical plate decline curve and compute the reservoir permeability, skin factor, radius of well control and the gas in place under the condition of no-shut in well. The basic theory of dynamic well test is to analysis the prodution datas, and calculate the reservoir permeability, skin factor, radius of well control and reserves of well control using the technology of unstable well test theory and traditional production analysis, combined with the method of typical decline curve fitting. The method for dynamic prodution analysis including Arps、Fetkovich、Blasingame、Agarwal-Gardner、Normalized Pressure Integral and FMB, etc. This paper systematically explains the basic theory of these methods and their application conditions, and the author analysis the dynamic production of typical wells in a gas reservoir using the self-made software.
本文简要介绍了低渗致密气藏开发的国内外研究现状,并分析了低渗致密气藏的地质特征及渗流机理。接着介绍了气藏储量动态分析方法,然后利用不稳定试井分析的基本原理,对传统产量递减分析进行了改进,建立了现代生产动态分析方法,形成了递减曲线典型图版,实现了在不关井条件下利用气井日常生产数据计算储层渗透率、表皮系数、井控半径、地质储量的目的。生产动态分析的基本思想是通过引入新的无因次流量、压力参数和拟时间函数,在不稳定试井理论与传统的产量递减分析技术的基础上,利用递减典型曲线拟合的方法,分析日常生产数据,最终计算储层渗透率、表皮系数(裂缝半长)、井控半径、井控储量等参数。生产动态分析方法主要有传统的Arps、Fetkovich方法,现代的Blasingame、Agarwal-Gardner(A-G)、规整化压力积分(NPI)、流动物质平衡等方法。本文系统地介绍了这些方法的基本原理及适用条件,并运用自行编制的软件分析了某气藏典型井的生产动态分析。
China's current proved gas reserve, the majority are low permeability gas reservior or low permeability gas reservoir, the geological reserves of which are more than 10000×10~8 m~3 .Dynamic analysis of low permeability gas reservoirs is the core work for such reservoir’s exploration, and it runs through the entire gas reservoir engineering research and development management of field, and it covers a relatively wide range of content which is very rich in a number of analytical methods. Understand and analyze the tight gas reservoirs, the exploitation of gas dy namics, to study the dynamic characteristics, low permeability tight gas reservoirs is the understanding of the main work. Both for the tight gas reservoir development forecast, or the preparation of development programs, dynamic analysis is very important to the basic work. Only in-depth understanding of the low permeability tight gas reservoirs of the dynamic changes of in order to deepen the understanding of low permeability tight gas reservoirs, to determine the most reasonable of the mining plan, and the preparation of feasibility of gas production planning, and finally the low permeability tight gas reservoirs exploration and development to a virtuous cycle.
This paper introduces briefly research generalization home and abroad on the development of low permeability gas reservoir, the test and theory’s research present situation of low permeability gas reservoir infiltrating fluid and the key techniques of developing low permeability gas reservoir. And then this paper also briefly elaborates gas reservoir and gas well production dynamic forecast method. Besides, this paper introduces an improved method for production decline analyse using the basic theory for well test and builds an dynamic analysis method for the present production, which can produce typical plate decline curve and compute the reservoir permeability, skin factor, radius of well control and the gas in place under the condition of no-shut in well. The basic theory of dynamic well test is to analysis the prodution datas, and calculate the reservoir permeability, skin factor, radius of well control and reserves of well control using the technology of unstable well test theory and traditional production analysis, combined with the method of typical decline curve fitting. The method for dynamic prodution analysis including Arps、Fetkovich、Blasingame、Agarwal-Gardner、Normalized Pressure Integral and FMB, etc. This paper systematically explains the basic theory of these methods and their application conditions, and the author analysis the dynamic production of typical wells in a gas reservoir using the self-made software.
引文
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[4]王卫平,沈平平.低渗透气藏气井产能试井资料分析方法研究[J] .天然气工业,2005 (25) 76-78.
[5]胡建国,张盛宗.应用典型曲线进行产量递减分析[J].中国海上油气,1995 (9) 325-333
[6]陈元千.油气藏的物质平衡方程式及其应用.石油工业出版社.
[7]黄炳光,刘蜀知,唐海等.气藏工程与动态分析方法.西南石油学院,2004.
[8]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬等.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望.油气地质与采收率.2002,9(2):1-5.
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[11] M.J.Fetkovich M.E.Vienot.Decline-Curve Analysis Using Type Curves-Case Histories.SPE 13169 December 1987.
[12] T.A.Blasingame W.J.Lee. The Variable-Rate Reservoir Limits Testing of Gas Wells SPE 17708 June 13-15 1988.
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[15]刘兆江.低渗致密气藏压裂增产技术[J] .断块油气田,2008,(15) 103-106.
[16]付永强,何顺利.低压致密气藏气井产能潜力的识别技术研究[J].天然气工业,2007,(27) 93-95.
[17]张建,王念喜.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田低渗致密气藏生产井动态预测模型[J] .河南石油,2005 (04) 30-33.
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[21]任玉林,王昔彬.用不稳定流动的压力和流量解释致密低渗气藏的地层参数[J] .大庆石油地质与开发,2004,(23) 36-39.
[22]李士伦,孙雷,杜建芬等.低渗致密气藏、凝析气藏开发难点与对策[J] .新疆石油地质,2004,(25) 156-160.
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[24]王昔彬,刘传喜.大牛地致密低渗透气藏启动压力梯度及应用[J] .石油与天然气地质,2005(26),698-703.
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