荷包场区块须家河组二段、四段储层研究
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摘要
以地层学、沉积学、储层地质学、测井地质学及地震储层预测等理论和方法为指导，对荷包场区块须二、须四段储层进行了研究：认为须二、须四段沉积相主要为滨浅湖亚环境，微相主要有滩坝／沙坪、粉沙坪、泥坪、坝后沼泽微相及风暴岩，研究区南部须四段和须二段下部见河流沉积。储层岩性主要为岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑长石石英砂岩，少数长石岩屑石英砂岩，为湖盆进退环境中沉积的叠加砂体。须四段主要为低孔、低渗储层，孔隙度主要为5～8％，个别层段大于8％；须二段为中-高孔、低渗-特低渗储层，多数层段孔隙度大于8％；须四段与须二段砂岩渗透率一般均小于1×10~(-3)μm~2，储层非均质性强，为小孔细喉型砂岩，孔隙类型主要为残余原生粒间孔隙和粒内溶蚀孔隙。残余原生粒间孔保留程度是决定储层质量的主要因素，其发育程度的主要控制因素是砂岩岩性，最有利的岩性为中粒、粗粒岩屑质石英砂岩、长石质石英砂岩，其次为碎屑石英自生加大边和铁绿泥石环边胶结发育情况。初步确定须二段有效储层孔隙度下限为8％、须四段为6％，渗透率下限为0.2×10~(-3)μm~2。测井解释表明须二、须四段储层单层厚度普遍较小，累计厚度井间差异大，平面分布呈团块状，连续性较差。须四段的中等～好类储层纵向上主要分布在该段的中、下部，平面上以包45井～包浅001-16井区、包41井～包39井区发育；须二段中等～好类储层纵向上主要分布于该段的中部及中上部，平面上以包24井～包浅001-16井区、包46井～包45井～包浅204井区发育。以现有重新处理的二维地震资料为基础，结合测井解释成果，在对研究区须家河组二段、四段储层地震响应模式认识的基础上，通过伽玛反演和速度反演开展地震储层预测，预测成果反映的须二、须四段储层在横向上的变化趋势与测井解释成果吻合较好。
This paper guided by sedimentographics of sedimentology、stratigraphics、 and logging geology as well as seismic reservoir prediction, the reservoir from xujiahe the member 2 and member 4 were studied and accounted that its sub-environment was lacustrine clastic shoreline and its microfacies were beach and bar sands、dust sand、corcass and tempestite and fluviatile deposit/fluvial sediment were found in bottom of xujihe member 2 and south part of xujiah member 4~(th). The lithology of reservoir were mainly, fine-grained lithic sandstones and lithic quartz sandstones, which are relatively densedwith a little siltstones that created overlying sandbody in the aggressive and regressive movement of lake basin. The member 4~(th) were reservoir with low porosity and extremely bad permeability and their porosity was mainly between 5% and 8%, some higher than 8%; the member 2~(th) are gentle higher bigger porosity and extremely bad permeability, porosity of most of its beds are higher than 8% and there are strong heterogeneity well developed among such two members and their averaged porosities are always smaller than 1×10~(-3)μm~2, which defined the reservoirs are one with small pore and thin throat amd the pore forms are remainder intergranular pore, secondary pore, micro-pore and micro-fissure. The quality of reservoirs is how many pores there after the rocks were compressed and how many sand rocks are there in the reservoir and the most preferential factors are coarse quartz sandstone and quartz sandstone with great feldspar and second is how degree the rim cementation of rhipidoith. The low limit of member 2~(th) and member 4~(th) are 8% and 6% respectively, the permeability 0.2×10~(-3)μm~2 and their single beds are generallt thin and accumulative thickness varied so great based on the logging interpretation, which has distributed horizonal as masses of cords and connectivity are so bad. The good reservoir of xujiahe member 4~(th) are distributted vertically in the middle and bottom of its bodied, which are represented by zone from bao well 45 to well 001-16 and area from bao 41 to well 39; The good reservoir of xujiahe member 2th are distributed horizontally in the middle and bottom of its bodied, which are represented by zone from bao well 24 to well 001-16 and area from bao 46 to baoqian well 204. Based on reprocessing of 2D sesimic and seismic response modeling, combining with fruits of logging interpretation, through conversion of verged velocity and GR, Tendency of the Biodiversity Variation of xujiahe member 2th and member 4~(th) gained better dovetail agreement.
This paper guided by sedimentographics of sedimentology、stratigraphics、 and logging geology as well as seismic reservoir prediction, the reservoir from xujiahe the member 2 and member 4 were studied and accounted that its sub-environment was lacustrine clastic shoreline and its microfacies were beach and bar sands、dust sand、corcass and tempestite and fluviatile deposit/fluvial sediment were found in bottom of xujihe member 2 and south part of xujiah member 4~(th). The lithology of reservoir were mainly, fine-grained lithic sandstones and lithic quartz sandstones, which are relatively densedwith a little siltstones that created overlying sandbody in the aggressive and regressive movement of lake basin. The member 4~(th) were reservoir with low porosity and extremely bad permeability and their porosity was mainly between 5% and 8%, some higher than 8%; the member 2~(th) are gentle higher bigger porosity and extremely bad permeability, porosity of most of its beds are higher than 8% and there are strong heterogeneity well developed among such two members and their averaged porosities are always smaller than 1×10~(-3)μm~2, which defined the reservoirs are one with small pore and thin throat amd the pore forms are remainder intergranular pore, secondary pore, micro-pore and micro-fissure. The quality of reservoirs is how many pores there after the rocks were compressed and how many sand rocks are there in the reservoir and the most preferential factors are coarse quartz sandstone and quartz sandstone with great feldspar and second is how degree the rim cementation of rhipidoith. The low limit of member 2~(th) and member 4~(th) are 8% and 6% respectively, the permeability 0.2×10~(-3)μm~2 and their single beds are generallt thin and accumulative thickness varied so great based on the logging interpretation, which has distributed horizonal as masses of cords and connectivity are so bad. The good reservoir of xujiahe member 4~(th) are distributted vertically in the middle and bottom of its bodied, which are represented by zone from bao well 45 to well 001-16 and area from bao 41 to well 39; The good reservoir of xujiahe member 2th are distributed horizontally in the middle and bottom of its bodied, which are represented by zone from bao well 24 to well 001-16 and area from bao 46 to baoqian well 204. Based on reprocessing of 2D sesimic and seismic response modeling, combining with fruits of logging interpretation, through conversion of verged velocity and GR, Tendency of the Biodiversity Variation of xujiahe member 2th and member 4~(th) gained better dovetail agreement.
引文
[1]、四川省岩石地层·全国地层多重划分对比研究(M)·四川省地质矿产局·中国地质大学出版社
[2] 四川省地质矿产局，四川省区域地质志，中华人民共和国地质矿产部地质专报，一、区域地质(M)，第23号，北京，地质出版社，1991年
[3] 何鲤 四川盆地上三叠统地震地层划分对比方案，石油与天然气工业地质，1989，10(4)：439-445
[4] 罗启后、王世谦，四川盆地中西部三叠系重点含气层天然气富集条件研究[J]．天然气工业，6卷 增刊40-54，1996
[5]、邓康龄，何鲤，四川盆地西部晚三叠世早期地层及其沉积环境，石油与天然气地质，1982，3(3)：204-210
[6]、李绍虎，吴冲龙，四川须家河组层序格架与天然气成藏的关系，石油与天然气地质，1998，19(2)：146-151
[7]、粱恩宇，四川盆地上三叠统的划分对比及有关几个地壳运动界面的讨论，石油与天然气地质，1980，1(1)：56-68
[8]、杨光荣，四川盆地上三叠统组和段的划分与对比，川煤地勘，1996(12)：13-24
[9]、四川省地质矿产局编著，四川盆地岩石地层，武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1997：115-225
[10]、朱仕军，黄继祥，川中~川南过渡带香溪群地层划分与对比，西南石油学院学报，1996，18(2)：1-7
[11]、郭正吾等著，四川盆地形成与演化，北京：地质出版社，1996：5-80
[12]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-古蔺幅，1976
[13]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-綦江幅，1976
[14]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-叙永幅，1976
[15]、张金亮，王宝清，四川盆地中西部上三叠统沉积相，西安石油学院报(自然科学版)2000，15(2)：1-6
[16]、李书兵，何鲤，柳梅青，四川盆地晚三叠世以来陆相盆地演化史，天然气工业，1999，增刊：18-23
[17]、李华启，四川盆地西部上三叠统须家河组层序地层学及沉积体系研究(博士学位论文)，广州：中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，2003：8-13，71-124
[18]、黄继祥等，川中~川南过渡带上三叠统香溪群沉积相和储层研究，成都：电子科技大学出版社。1995：1-87
[19]、侯方浩、蒋裕强等，四川中部地区香溪组二段、四段砂岩沉积模式，石油学报，2005。
[20、赵澄林，沉积学原理，北京：石油工业出版社．2001年
[21] 闵琪等，低渗透油气田研究与实践(M)．北京：石油工业出版社．1999年
[22]、刘成川，应用产能模拟技术确定储层基质孔、渗下限．天然气工业，2005，25(10)：27～29
[23]、魏小薇、谢继容、唐大海，低孔渗砂岩储层基质物性下限确定方法研究．天然气工业，2005，25(增刊A)：28～31
[24]、牟学益、刘永祥，低渗透油田启动压力梯度研究．油气地质与采收率，2001，8(5)：58-59
[25]、周克明、李宁、袁小玲，残余水状态低渗储层气体低速渗流机理，天然气工业，2003，23(6)：103～106
[26]、吴凡、孙黎娟，乔国安等，气体渗流特征及启动压力规律研究，天然气工业，2001，21(1)：82～84
[27]、王昔彬、刘传喜、郑荣臣，大牛地致密低渗透气藏启动压力梯度及应用，石油与天然气地质 2005，26(5)：699～701
[28]、王渝明、庞颜民、杨树锋，基于启动压力梯度的低渗透砂岩储层分类研究，高校地质学报，2005，11(4)：617～621
[29] 张达景、周瑾，川西须家河组储层孔隙演化与大中型气田的勘探方向，石油与天然气地质文集，第5集，地质出版社 1997
[30] 朱国华，砂质沉积物的成岩作用，长庆石油勘探局勘探开发研究院，1986
[31] 王洪辉、陆正元，四川盆地中西部上三叠统砂岩中非构造裂缝形成机理研究，油气藏地质及开发工程研究年报，四川科学技术出版社，1994
[32] 安风山、岳东明等，川西致密碎屑岩圈闭有效性分析，石油与天然气地质论文集，地质出版社，1999
[33]、吴大奎，地震资料储层预测反演方法应用研究．天然气工业，2004，10：38-40
[30]、张永刚主编，油气地球物理技术新进展，北京：石油工业出版社，2004．4：55-63
[34]、R．A．纳尔逊，《天然裂缝性储集层地质分析》，石油大学出版社，1991
[35]、宋惠珍，贾承造等，裂缝性储集层研究理论与方法，北京：石油工业出版社，2001．8：37-42
[36]、熊艳、巫芙蓉、蒋骥、张孟，应用相干技术和孔隙度反演技术进行储层预测(以四川盆地DFC构造为例)，海相油气地质，2005，10(2)：57-60
[37]、张振波，利用相干分析技术判断断层和地层特征，中国海上油气(地质)1999．13(3)：229-232
[2] 四川省地质矿产局，四川省区域地质志，中华人民共和国地质矿产部地质专报，一、区域地质(M)，第23号，北京，地质出版社，1991年
[3] 何鲤 四川盆地上三叠统地震地层划分对比方案，石油与天然气工业地质，1989，10(4)：439-445
[4] 罗启后、王世谦，四川盆地中西部三叠系重点含气层天然气富集条件研究[J]．天然气工业，6卷 增刊40-54，1996
[5]、邓康龄，何鲤，四川盆地西部晚三叠世早期地层及其沉积环境，石油与天然气地质，1982，3(3)：204-210
[6]、李绍虎，吴冲龙，四川须家河组层序格架与天然气成藏的关系，石油与天然气地质，1998，19(2)：146-151
[7]、粱恩宇，四川盆地上三叠统的划分对比及有关几个地壳运动界面的讨论，石油与天然气地质，1980，1(1)：56-68
[8]、杨光荣，四川盆地上三叠统组和段的划分与对比，川煤地勘，1996(12)：13-24
[9]、四川省地质矿产局编著，四川盆地岩石地层，武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1997：115-225
[10]、朱仕军，黄继祥，川中~川南过渡带香溪群地层划分与对比，西南石油学院学报，1996，18(2)：1-7
[11]、郭正吾等著，四川盆地形成与演化，北京：地质出版社，1996：5-80
[12]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-古蔺幅，1976
[13]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-綦江幅，1976
[14]、四川省地质局，中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告-叙永幅，1976
[15]、张金亮，王宝清，四川盆地中西部上三叠统沉积相，西安石油学院报(自然科学版)2000，15(2)：1-6
[16]、李书兵，何鲤，柳梅青，四川盆地晚三叠世以来陆相盆地演化史，天然气工业，1999，增刊：18-23
[17]、李华启，四川盆地西部上三叠统须家河组层序地层学及沉积体系研究(博士学位论文)，广州：中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，2003：8-13，71-124
[18]、黄继祥等，川中~川南过渡带上三叠统香溪群沉积相和储层研究，成都：电子科技大学出版社。1995：1-87
[19]、侯方浩、蒋裕强等，四川中部地区香溪组二段、四段砂岩沉积模式，石油学报，2005。
[20、赵澄林，沉积学原理，北京：石油工业出版社．2001年
[21] 闵琪等，低渗透油气田研究与实践(M)．北京：石油工业出版社．1999年
[22]、刘成川，应用产能模拟技术确定储层基质孔、渗下限．天然气工业，2005，25(10)：27～29
[23]、魏小薇、谢继容、唐大海，低孔渗砂岩储层基质物性下限确定方法研究．天然气工业，2005，25(增刊A)：28～31
[24]、牟学益、刘永祥，低渗透油田启动压力梯度研究．油气地质与采收率，2001，8(5)：58-59
[25]、周克明、李宁、袁小玲，残余水状态低渗储层气体低速渗流机理，天然气工业，2003，23(6)：103～106
[26]、吴凡、孙黎娟，乔国安等，气体渗流特征及启动压力规律研究，天然气工业，2001，21(1)：82～84
[27]、王昔彬、刘传喜、郑荣臣，大牛地致密低渗透气藏启动压力梯度及应用，石油与天然气地质 2005，26(5)：699～701
[28]、王渝明、庞颜民、杨树锋，基于启动压力梯度的低渗透砂岩储层分类研究，高校地质学报，2005，11(4)：617～621
[29] 张达景、周瑾，川西须家河组储层孔隙演化与大中型气田的勘探方向，石油与天然气地质文集，第5集，地质出版社 1997
[30] 朱国华，砂质沉积物的成岩作用，长庆石油勘探局勘探开发研究院，1986
[31] 王洪辉、陆正元，四川盆地中西部上三叠统砂岩中非构造裂缝形成机理研究，油气藏地质及开发工程研究年报，四川科学技术出版社，1994
[32] 安风山、岳东明等，川西致密碎屑岩圈闭有效性分析，石油与天然气地质论文集，地质出版社，1999
[33]、吴大奎，地震资料储层预测反演方法应用研究．天然气工业，2004，10：38-40
[30]、张永刚主编，油气地球物理技术新进展，北京：石油工业出版社，2004．4：55-63
[34]、R．A．纳尔逊，《天然裂缝性储集层地质分析》，石油大学出版社，1991
[35]、宋惠珍，贾承造等，裂缝性储集层研究理论与方法，北京：石油工业出版社，2001．8：37-42
[36]、熊艳、巫芙蓉、蒋骥、张孟，应用相干技术和孔隙度反演技术进行储层预测(以四川盆地DFC构造为例)，海相油气地质，2005，10(2)：57-60
[37]、张振波，利用相干分析技术判断断层和地层特征，中国海上油气(地质)1999．13(3)：229-232