道路运输企业节能减排系统研究
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摘要
随着全球气候变暖问题的加重,从2009年的哥本哈根全球气候会议到今年“两会”,提出大力发展“低碳经济”,国内外学术界和政府部门对这一领域给予了高度的关注和重视。交通,作为社会发展的重要载体和工具,是温室气体的重要排放源,“节能”和“减排”都是交通运输低碳化的重要途径。道路运输行业是能源消耗和尾气排放的重点行业,加强道路运输行业的节能减排管理工作对提高能源的利用效率,保护环境,促进社会的可持续发展有重大的现实意义。道路运输企业的节能减排工作主要通过道路运输企业的管理和控制来提高营运车辆的燃油使用效率、降低燃油消耗和减少尾气排放。本文以建设节约型社会,发展“低碳经济”的理念为指导,以道路运输企业为研究对象,在充分调研和收集资料的基础上,研究适应道路运输企业的节能减排管理方式,并提出构建道路运输企业节能减排系统,提高企业节能减排管理效率。
首先,分析道路运输企业节能减排的现状及主要的影响因素,根据车辆的技术状态、使用条件等实际情况建立燃油消耗的统计模型,并以此为基础确定企业的燃油消耗定额;其次,对道路运输节能减排的预警管理进行研究,尝试性的构建出道路运输节能减排预警管理的指标体系,采用系统化方法确定预警指标的预警界限,并利用熵值法确定预警指标的权重,通过统计计算综合预警信号确定企业节能减排管理的运行状态,作为企业节能减排管理的重要参考依据;最后,运用面向对象的方法,通过实际调研对系统需求进行分析,采用ASP.NET+SQL Server 2000建立车辆节能减排管理信息系统,提高企业节能管理信息化水平。
综上,本文的研究将为我国进一步推进道路运输企业的节能减排管理,提高企业的节能减排管理信息化水平提供重要参考和依据,对推行企业的节能减排管理有着重要的意义。
With the increasing problem of global warming from 2009 global climate conference in Copenhagen to the "two sessions", proposed to develop "low-carbon economy", domestic and international academic and government departments give this area a high degree of concern and attention. Transport, as an important medium and tool of social development, is almost an important source of emissions of greenhouse gases. "Energy conservation" and "emissions reduction" are important ways to bring about low-carbon transport. Road transport industry is the key industries of energy consumption and exhaust emissions. So, the strengthen management of road transport industry which would improve the management of energy saving efficiency, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development of society has great practical significance. Road transport enterprises primarily improve operational management and control of vehicle fuel efficiency through energy conservation, in order to reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions. In this paper, it just uses the conservation-oriented society and "low-carbon economy" concept as the guide, and road transport enterprises as the object for the study. It proposed construction of road transport enterprises energy saving systems, and improved management efficiency of energy conservation, based on the fully investigated.
Firstly, the paper analyzed the current situation and the major influencing factors of energy conservation and pollution reduction in road transport enterprises. Constructed statistical models of fuel consumption based on technical conditions, working conditions and some other actual situations of vehicles, upon which ,norm quota of fuel consumption in enterprises is fixed; Then, in road transport, it studied the forewarning administration of energy conservation and pollution reduction, of which, the indicator system is constructed in trial. The warning limit of forewarning indexes are confirmed by systematic methods and the weight of forewarning indexes are confirmed by Entropy. As an important reference, the running state of energy conservation and pollution reduction in enterprises by calculating comprehensive early warning signal is ensured after being statistics; At last, through actual survey, system requirement is analyzed by object-oriented method. Energy conservation and pollution reduction of vehicle management information system is constructed using ASP.NET+SQL Server 2000, which improved the information degrees of administration of energy conservation in enterprises.
In summary, this study will further promote energy conservation management of road transport enterprises, and improve the level of energy saving management information to provide important reference and basis for the implementation of energy conservation management in enterprises of great significance.
首先,分析道路运输企业节能减排的现状及主要的影响因素,根据车辆的技术状态、使用条件等实际情况建立燃油消耗的统计模型,并以此为基础确定企业的燃油消耗定额;其次,对道路运输节能减排的预警管理进行研究,尝试性的构建出道路运输节能减排预警管理的指标体系,采用系统化方法确定预警指标的预警界限,并利用熵值法确定预警指标的权重,通过统计计算综合预警信号确定企业节能减排管理的运行状态,作为企业节能减排管理的重要参考依据;最后,运用面向对象的方法,通过实际调研对系统需求进行分析,采用ASP.NET+SQL Server 2000建立车辆节能减排管理信息系统,提高企业节能管理信息化水平。
综上,本文的研究将为我国进一步推进道路运输企业的节能减排管理,提高企业的节能减排管理信息化水平提供重要参考和依据,对推行企业的节能减排管理有着重要的意义。
With the increasing problem of global warming from 2009 global climate conference in Copenhagen to the "two sessions", proposed to develop "low-carbon economy", domestic and international academic and government departments give this area a high degree of concern and attention. Transport, as an important medium and tool of social development, is almost an important source of emissions of greenhouse gases. "Energy conservation" and "emissions reduction" are important ways to bring about low-carbon transport. Road transport industry is the key industries of energy consumption and exhaust emissions. So, the strengthen management of road transport industry which would improve the management of energy saving efficiency, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development of society has great practical significance. Road transport enterprises primarily improve operational management and control of vehicle fuel efficiency through energy conservation, in order to reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions. In this paper, it just uses the conservation-oriented society and "low-carbon economy" concept as the guide, and road transport enterprises as the object for the study. It proposed construction of road transport enterprises energy saving systems, and improved management efficiency of energy conservation, based on the fully investigated.
Firstly, the paper analyzed the current situation and the major influencing factors of energy conservation and pollution reduction in road transport enterprises. Constructed statistical models of fuel consumption based on technical conditions, working conditions and some other actual situations of vehicles, upon which ,norm quota of fuel consumption in enterprises is fixed; Then, in road transport, it studied the forewarning administration of energy conservation and pollution reduction, of which, the indicator system is constructed in trial. The warning limit of forewarning indexes are confirmed by systematic methods and the weight of forewarning indexes are confirmed by Entropy. As an important reference, the running state of energy conservation and pollution reduction in enterprises by calculating comprehensive early warning signal is ensured after being statistics; At last, through actual survey, system requirement is analyzed by object-oriented method. Energy conservation and pollution reduction of vehicle management information system is constructed using ASP.NET+SQL Server 2000, which improved the information degrees of administration of energy conservation in enterprises.
In summary, this study will further promote energy conservation management of road transport enterprises, and improve the level of energy saving management information to provide important reference and basis for the implementation of energy conservation management in enterprises of great significance.
引文
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[12]姚天麟.苏汽能源信息化管理显成效[J].运输经理世界,2002:88-89.
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[16]蔡凤田,等.汽车运行油耗的影响因素与汽车节能技术[J].交通节能与环保,2006:28-33.
[17]薛乃恩.影响车辆技术状况的因素[J].汽车运用,1998:29-30.
[18]刘筱衡.在用汽车尾气排放达标的维护检测制度[J].汽车维护与修理,1999:47-48.
[19]冯崇毅.汽车运输企业管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[20]刘雅丽.汽车驾驶技术与节油的关系[J].辽宁交通科技,1994:34-36.
[21]刘明海.汽车驾驶技术与燃油消耗[J].汽车运用,1995: 26-27.
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[25] Samaras.Z.Zachariadis, T.Babajimopoulos, A.,Hassel, D.Weber F-J, Sonnborn, K-S et a1.Study on transport-related parameters of the European road vehicle stock[C]. Final Report to the Europea Commission, (Greece):Aristole University Mechanical Engineering Department. 1999.
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[27] Hickman, A. J. (editor). MEET-methodology for calculating transport emissions and energy consumption [EB/OL]. http://www. inrets. fr/infos/cost319/index. html. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publication of the Eurbean communities. 1999.
[28]梁丽丽,卫绍元,贾仁德.高速客运企业燃油消耗定额计算方法研究[J].科技与经济,2007,3:43-45.
[29]鲁直雄.汽车运用工程[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.
[30]国家标准局信息分类编码研究所.GB4352-2007.载货汽车运行燃料消耗量[s].全国文献工作标准化技术委员会.文献工作国家标准汇编:3.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[31]国家标准局信息分类编码研究所.GB4353-2007载客汽车运行燃料消耗量[s].全国文献工作标准化技术委员会.文献工作国家标准汇编:3.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[32]赵志国,王生昌.浅析影响汽车燃油消耗的外界因素[J] . Truck and Logistics. 2008:52-54.
[33]王云龙.汽车运输企业能源消耗统计模型的研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2006.
[34]孔祥江,马效民.浅谈汽车维修技术[J].科技信息. 2008.3: 13-14.
[35]林奇.物理添加剂在燃油的节能与排放中的作用[J].交通节能与环保. 2008.5: 26-28.
[36]辛木.国内外代用燃料汽车的应用发展现状[J].安全技术. 2007.8: 62-67.
[37]李莉,黄成.上海市机动车燃料替代的节能及减排效果[J].能源技术.2005.10(26):10-15.
[38]前华,胡晴艳.机动车替代燃料及清洁化趋势[J].环境与职业医学. 2004.21(4): 298-303.
[39] V Choulakian. Robust Q-mode principal Component Analysis [J]. Statisties probability Letter,2003,12(3): 203-209.
[40]刘清.高速公路交通灾害预警管理系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.
[41]何建.公路客运预警系统研究[D].长安大学,2009.
[42]贾水库.大型露天矿运输安全控制与预警系统[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,5:542-546.
[43] JT/T630-2005.道路旅客运输企业等级[s].
[44] JT/T198-2004.营运车辆技术等级划分与评定要求[s].
[45]陈磊.保证铁路旅客运输服务质量的预警管理系统[J].铁道技术监督.1999:8-9.
[46]杨海峰.发展中国家对华反倾销预警系统研究[D].杭州:浙江大学
[47]李继尊.中国能源预警及其预警指数的创建[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版). 2007.31(6):38-39.
[48]秦永东,欧向军,甄峰.基于熵值法的人居环境质量评价研究[[J].城市问题,2008.10:19-24.
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[2]中国统计年鉴2007,中国能源统计年鉴.
[3]宋秀圻.国外运输节能的主要途径和问题[J].中国能源,1988:37-39.
[4] CAFE Overview - Frequently Asked Questions [EB/OL]. http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ cars/rules/cafe/overview.htm.
[5]韩立波,刘莉.国外道路运输行业节能管理经验[J].汽车节能,2008:21-25.
[6]习江鹏.道路运输节能减排问题研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.
[7]杨新秀.湖北省道路运输企业节能减排评价方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
[8]节能降耗,道路运输业在行动[EB/OL]. http://www.sjzjt.gov.cn/art/2007 /06 /29/ art_8029_177937.html
[9]蔡凤田,刘莉,窦秋月.建立道路运输节能标准体系,促进道路运输节能降耗[J].交通节能与环保,2007,(03):29-32.
[10] Emmanual Riom,Lars-Ola Olsson,Ulf Hagstrom. NOx Emission Reduction with the Humid Air Motor Concept[C]. In: C1MAC paper 2001.Hamburg: German CIMAC Committee, 2001:43-139.
[11]艾舒宁.直接喷水降的NOx排放技术[J]. Diesel Engine,2001(5): 21-25.
[12]姚天麟.苏汽能源信息化管理显成效[J].运输经理世界,2002:88-89.
[13]李雷.我国道路运输节能减排研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.
[14]孙风英,金世勇.关于运行车辆燃料消耗影响因素的分析[J].交通标准化,2009:178-181.
[15]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[16]蔡凤田,等.汽车运行油耗的影响因素与汽车节能技术[J].交通节能与环保,2006:28-33.
[17]薛乃恩.影响车辆技术状况的因素[J].汽车运用,1998:29-30.
[18]刘筱衡.在用汽车尾气排放达标的维护检测制度[J].汽车维护与修理,1999:47-48.
[19]冯崇毅.汽车运输企业管理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[20]刘雅丽.汽车驾驶技术与节油的关系[J].辽宁交通科技,1994:34-36.
[21]刘明海.汽车驾驶技术与燃油消耗[J].汽车运用,1995: 26-27.
[22]叶财,贺连贵,吕波.汽车驾驶与节油技术分析[J].农机化研究,2000.11(4): 38-40.
[23]李维斌,邵振一.公路运输组织学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[24] Environmental data compendium 1995 . Paris (France) : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), 1995.
[25] Samaras.Z.Zachariadis, T.Babajimopoulos, A.,Hassel, D.Weber F-J, Sonnborn, K-S et a1.Study on transport-related parameters of the European road vehicle stock[C]. Final Report to the Europea Commission, (Greece):Aristole University Mechanical Engineering Department. 1999.
[26] Schipper. L.Figueroa, M. J. Price, L. Espey, M. Mind the gap: the vicious circle of measuring automobile fuel use[J]. Energy Policy,1993.21(12):117-119.
[27] Hickman, A. J. (editor). MEET-methodology for calculating transport emissions and energy consumption [EB/OL]. http://www. inrets. fr/infos/cost319/index. html. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publication of the Eurbean communities. 1999.
[28]梁丽丽,卫绍元,贾仁德.高速客运企业燃油消耗定额计算方法研究[J].科技与经济,2007,3:43-45.
[29]鲁直雄.汽车运用工程[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2008.
[30]国家标准局信息分类编码研究所.GB4352-2007.载货汽车运行燃料消耗量[s].全国文献工作标准化技术委员会.文献工作国家标准汇编:3.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[31]国家标准局信息分类编码研究所.GB4353-2007载客汽车运行燃料消耗量[s].全国文献工作标准化技术委员会.文献工作国家标准汇编:3.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[32]赵志国,王生昌.浅析影响汽车燃油消耗的外界因素[J] . Truck and Logistics. 2008:52-54.
[33]王云龙.汽车运输企业能源消耗统计模型的研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2006.
[34]孔祥江,马效民.浅谈汽车维修技术[J].科技信息. 2008.3: 13-14.
[35]林奇.物理添加剂在燃油的节能与排放中的作用[J].交通节能与环保. 2008.5: 26-28.
[36]辛木.国内外代用燃料汽车的应用发展现状[J].安全技术. 2007.8: 62-67.
[37]李莉,黄成.上海市机动车燃料替代的节能及减排效果[J].能源技术.2005.10(26):10-15.
[38]前华,胡晴艳.机动车替代燃料及清洁化趋势[J].环境与职业医学. 2004.21(4): 298-303.
[39] V Choulakian. Robust Q-mode principal Component Analysis [J]. Statisties probability Letter,2003,12(3): 203-209.
[40]刘清.高速公路交通灾害预警管理系统研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.
[41]何建.公路客运预警系统研究[D].长安大学,2009.
[42]贾水库.大型露天矿运输安全控制与预警系统[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,5:542-546.
[43] JT/T630-2005.道路旅客运输企业等级[s].
[44] JT/T198-2004.营运车辆技术等级划分与评定要求[s].
[45]陈磊.保证铁路旅客运输服务质量的预警管理系统[J].铁道技术监督.1999:8-9.
[46]杨海峰.发展中国家对华反倾销预警系统研究[D].杭州:浙江大学
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