广西南部土栖腐霉种类及生态分布研究
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摘要
腐霉(Pythium)是一种卵菌。由于它在生态学上的多样性和生理学上的独特性，使之在理论和实践上都具有较大意义。2002年9月至2003年10月作者从广西南部15个市县的19个采样点采集土壤标样142个，依据形态学特征鉴定了29种150个菌株，另外还有2个待定种6个菌株。其中有广西新纪录种20种，它们是棘腐霉Pythium acanthicum Drechsler、无性腐霉Pythium afertile Kanouse&Humphrey、孤雌腐霉Pythium amasculinum Yu、浮游腐霉Pythium aquatile Hhnk、卡地腐霉Pythium carolinianum Matthews、链状腐霉Pythium catenulatum Matthews、宽雄腐霉Pythium dissottcum Drechler、缺性腐霉Pythium elongatum Matthews、旋柄腐霉Pythium helicoids Drechsler、逸见腐霉Pythium hemmianum Takahashi、间型腐霉Pythium intermedium de Bary、乳突腐霉Pythium mamillatum Meurs、群结腐霉Pythium myriotylum Drechsler、寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum Drechsler、侧雄腐霉Pythium paroecandrum Drechsler、缠器腐霉Pythium periplocum Drechsler、无序腐霉Pythium perplexum Kouyeas&Theohari、绚丽腐霉Pythium pulchrum Minden、中国腐霉Pythium sinense Yu、簇囊腐霉Pythium torulosum Coker&Patterson。研究结果表明，在广西南部的腐霉种群中刺腐霉Pythium spinosum Sawada、德里腐霉Pythium deliense Meurs和刺器腐霉Pythium acanthophoron Sideris为优势种，其中又因刺腐霉的适应性最强分布最为广泛。在设置采样点的15个市县中，南宁的腐霉种群的种类和数量最为丰富。本文还探讨了土壤基质各因子与腐霉种群分布的关系，发现腐霉在有机质含量高、微酸性和重壤条件下富集。
Pythium is a genus of oomycetes. For their ecological diversity and physiological uniqueness, it is of great significance in theory and practice to study them. During 2002-2003, 142 specimens has been collected ,which come from 15 areas. Mainly based on morphological characters ,150 strains were identified as 29 species,besides 6 strains as 2 unknown species which couldn't be indentified according to current reference datum. Among them 20 species were new records in Guangxi, as followed, Pythium acanthicum Drechsler , Pythium afertile Kanouse & Humphrey, Pythium amasculinum Yu, Pythium aquatile H hnk, Pythium carolinicmum Matthews , Pythium catenulatum Matthews , Pythium dissottcum Drechler, Pythium elongatum Matthews , Pythium helicoids Drechsler , Pythium hemmianum Takahashi, Pythium intermedium de Bary , Pythium mamillatum Meurs , Pythium myriotylum Drechsler , Pythium oligandrum Drechsler , Pythium paroecandrum Drechsler , Pythium periplocum Drechsler , Pythium perplexum Kouyeas&Theohari, Pythium pulchrum Minden, Pythium sinense Yu, Pythium torulosum Coker&Patterson. Research showed that Pythium spinosum Sawada, Pythium deliense Meurs and Pythium acanthophoron Sideris were dominant species of Pythium community in this region, Pythium spinosum Sawada was the most wide-ranging species for its powerful adaptability. Among 15 areas, Manning had the largest Pythium community.On the aspect of relationship between soil factor and Pythium community distribution, research indicated Pythium prefer heavy-textured loamy soil which should be abundant humus and slight acidity.
Pythium is a genus of oomycetes. For their ecological diversity and physiological uniqueness, it is of great significance in theory and practice to study them. During 2002-2003, 142 specimens has been collected ,which come from 15 areas. Mainly based on morphological characters ,150 strains were identified as 29 species,besides 6 strains as 2 unknown species which couldn't be indentified according to current reference datum. Among them 20 species were new records in Guangxi, as followed, Pythium acanthicum Drechsler , Pythium afertile Kanouse & Humphrey, Pythium amasculinum Yu, Pythium aquatile H hnk, Pythium carolinicmum Matthews , Pythium catenulatum Matthews , Pythium dissottcum Drechler, Pythium elongatum Matthews , Pythium helicoids Drechsler , Pythium hemmianum Takahashi, Pythium intermedium de Bary , Pythium mamillatum Meurs , Pythium myriotylum Drechsler , Pythium oligandrum Drechsler , Pythium paroecandrum Drechsler , Pythium periplocum Drechsler , Pythium perplexum Kouyeas&Theohari, Pythium pulchrum Minden, Pythium sinense Yu, Pythium torulosum Coker&Patterson. Research showed that Pythium spinosum Sawada, Pythium deliense Meurs and Pythium acanthophoron Sideris were dominant species of Pythium community in this region, Pythium spinosum Sawada was the most wide-ranging species for its powerful adaptability. Among 15 areas, Manning had the largest Pythium community.On the aspect of relationship between soil factor and Pythium community distribution, research indicated Pythium prefer heavy-textured loamy soil which should be abundant humus and slight acidity.
引文
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[22]J. D. Mihail, L. F. Hung, J. N. Bruhn, Diversity of the Pythium community infecting roots of the annual legume Kummerowia stipulacea[J], Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34, 585～592.
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and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2001,202,239-242.
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[39]Bernard Paul, Pythium terrestris,a new species isolated from France, its ITS region, taxonomy and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2002, 212, 255-260.
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[41]Bernard Paul, Pythium carbonicum, a new species isolated from a spoil heap in northern France, the ITS region, taxonomy and comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2003, 219, 269-274.
[42]Kusum Kumari Singh, Ritta Mathew, Isaac Emmanuel Masih, Bernard Paul, ITS region of the rDNA of Pythium rhizosaccharum sp. nov.isolated from sugarcane roots:taxonomy and comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2003, 221, 233-236.
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[2]张镜，黄治远，欧阳秩，柑桔根腐病病原真菌鉴定[J]，西南农业大学学报，1994，16(6)，515～520．
[3]王家和，云南烤烟腐霉种类、分布及致病性研究[J]，云南农业大学学报，1997，12(2)，97～101．
[4]吴全安，朱小阳，林宏旭，等，玉米青枯病病原菌的分离及其致病性测定技术的研究[J]，植物病理学报，1997，27(1)，29-35．
[5]张宝棣，彭庆平，广州地区落葵病害初步调查[J]，广东农业科学，1996，2，29～31．
[6]马家海，条斑紫菜赤腐病的初步研究[J]，上海水产大学学报，1996，5(1)，1～7．
[7]张玉琴，王代军，杜广真，等，草坪草腐霉枯萎病的研究现状及进展[J]，草原与草坪，2002，2，3～7．
[8]姜辉，吴恩动，苑金铃，等，落叶松幼苗立枯病菌及其防治的研究[J]，沈阳农业大学学报，2001，32(1)，44～47．
[9]宫志远，于淑芳，万鲁长，等，腐霉对平菇子实体侵染规律及防控措施[J]，中国食用菌，2001，20(4)，20-21．
[10]李红霞，李国英，任毓忠，等，新疆甜菜苗期病害病原种群的鉴定[J]，中国糖料，2001，2，23～27．
[11]喻义东，胡琼波，白术根茎腐烂病病原分离鉴定与防治试验[J]，湖南农业科学，2003，1，47～48．
[12]沈杰，张炳欣，浙江省大、小麦致病腐霉的研究[J]，植物病理学报，1994，24(2)，107～112．
[13]贺水山，张炳欣，葛起新，寡雄腐霉重寄生作用的研究[J]，植物病理学报，1992，22(1)，77～82．
[14]余永年，中国腐霉属的生态和分布[J]，真菌学报，1987，20(1)，20～33．
[15]王政逸，张炳欣，董金泉，菜地土壤及小麦、水稻根围土壤中的腐霉及其种群消长[J]，河北农业大学学报，1995，18(4)，76～80．
[16]王政逸，张炳欣，楼兵干，浙江小麦根围土壤腐霉的一些生态学研究[J]，植物病理学报，1996，26(1)，29～35．
[17]T. C. Paulitz, K. Adams, Composition and Distribution of Pythium Communities in Wheat Fields in Eastern Washington State[J], Phytopathology, 2003, 93(7), 867～873.
[18]孙秀华，孙亚杰，张春山，等，玉米茎腐病病原菌相互作用研究[J]，沈阳农业大学学报，1992，23(2)，93～96．
[19]胡剑，王国英，玉米感染肿囊腐霉后寄主—病原物互作的超微结构研究[J]，植物病理学报，2002，32(3)，241～246．
[20]Mohammed S.Ali-Shtayen, Seasonal variation in population levels of Pythium species in irrigated and non-irrigated fields in the west bank of Jordan and the Gaza strip[J], Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 1986, 87(4), 503～509.
[21]G.A.Amer, R.S.Utkhede, Development of formulations of biological agents for management of root rot of lettuce and cucumber[J], Can. J. Microbiol., 2000, 46, 809～816.
[22]J. D. Mihail, L. F. Hung, J. N. Bruhn, Diversity of the Pythium community infecting roots of the annual legume Kummerowia stipulacea[J], Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34, 585～592.
[23]C．J．Alexopoulos，M．Blackwell，C．W．Mims著，姚一建，李玉主译，菌物学概论(第四版)[M]，北京，中国农业出版社，2002，1～769．
[24]余永年，马国忠，刘晓娟，腐霉属的分类性状评价及其中国的种[J]，真菌学报，1990，9(4)，249～262．
[25]马国忠，余永年，凝胶电泳与腐霉属的分类[J]，真菌学报，1991，10(3)，217～222．
[26]楼兵干，张炳欣，张耀洲，杭州地区番茄苗期猝倒病的8种腐霉的DNA多态性[J]，浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)，2000，26(6)，607～610．
[27]Frank N. Martin, Electrophoretic karyotype polymorphisms in the genus Pythium[J],Mycologia, 1995, 87(3), 333～353.
[28]A. M. Bailey, D. J. Mitchell, K. L. Manjunath, et.al, Identification to the species level of the plant pathogens Phytophthora and Pythium by using unique sequences of the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA as capture probes for PCR ELISA[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2002, 207, 153～158.
[29]P.H. Wang, J.G.White, Molecular characterization of Pythium species based on RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA[J], Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1997, 51, 129～143.
[30]Bernard Paul, Delphine Galland, Tej Bhatnagar, et.al, A new species of Pythium isolated from the Burgundy region in France[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 1998, 158, 207～213.
[31]Bernard Paul, Pythium ornacarpum: a new species with ornamented oogonia isolated from soil in France[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 1999, 180, 337-344.
[32]Bernard Paul, Pythium contiguanum nomen novum (syn. Pythium dreschleri Paul),its antagonism to Botrytis cinerea, ITS1 region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA, and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2000, 183, 105～110.
[33]Bernard Paul, ITS1 region of the rDNA ofPythium megacarpum sp. nov.,its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2000, 186, 229～233.
[34]Bernard Paul, Isaac Masih, ITS1 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the mycoparasite Pythium periplocum, its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2000, 189, 61～65.
[35]Bernard Paul, A new species of Pythium with filamentous sporangia having pectinolytic activities, isolated in the Burgundy region of France[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2001, 199, 55～59.
[36]Bernard Paul, ITS region of the rDNA of Pythiurn longandrum, a new species;its taxonomy
and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2001,202,239-242.
[37]Bernard Paul, ITS1 region of the rDNA of Pythium proliferatum, a new species:its taxonomy and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2002,206,191-196.
[38]Bernard Paul, ITS region ofPythium canariense sp. nov., its morphology and its interaction with Botrytis cinerea[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2002, 208, 135-141.
[39]Bernard Paul, Pythium terrestris,a new species isolated from France, its ITS region, taxonomy and its comparison with related species[J], FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2002, 212, 255-260.
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