基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的航空发动机建模与仿真研究
|
摘要
MATLAB/SIMULINK融合了面向图形对象的模块化建模和可视化仿真技术,是建立灵活通用、扩充性强和高度可视化航空发动机仿真平台的基础。
本文以建立一个用于航空发动机特性仿真的可重用、扩展灵活的航空发动机通用仿真平台为目标,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK高级图形仿真环境,运用面向图形模块对象的层次化设计方法建立了航空发动机通用仿真平台框架,利用SIMULINK模块库和S函数建立了发动机典型部件对象的部件模块库。
在部件模块库的基础上建立了四层次通用的发动机静态模型,并进行扩展构建了双轴涡扇发动机的稳态模型和动态模型。利用MATLAB语言及其函数库编写了基于牛顿-拉夫森法的稳态算法,并进行了稳态仿真验证。研究了迭代法和容积惯性法的动态模型算法,并根据容积惯性法建立了容积动力模块,在仿真平台上成功实现了某型双轴涡扇发动机的实时仿真。最后将另一种某型双轴涡扇发动机模型应用到该仿真平台上进行动态仿真,验证了平台的通用性和灵活的扩展能力。
重点开展了SIMULINK发动机模型的四层次结构研究。研究了系统模块及其子系统模块的通用性,以及模型的实时性优化问题。此外,利用SIMULINK交互式图形化仿真环境,设计建立了一整套基于模型仿真需要的可视化界面。
MATLAB/SIMULINK integrates graphical modular object oriented modeling and visual simulation, which is the foundation for implementing a reusable, extensible and flexible aeroengine simulation platform.
In order to construct a reusable, extensible and flexible simulation platform for aeroengines, graphical modular object oriented analysis and hierarchical structure design method are used based on the advanced graphical simulation environment MATLAB/SIMULINK. The method of constructing aeroengine simulation platform with SIMULINK tool packs and MATLAB language is proposed. Aeroengine component library is modeled with SIMULINK module library and S-function of MATLAB. The models are shown as intuitionistic graphical block.
A four-layer structure model of aeroengine is designed. Base on component modules, a steady state and transient model of a twin-spool turbofan engine for control system simulation purpose has been established. A steady iteration program of Newton-Raphson algorithm is programmed with MATLAB as well as its function library. Steady simulation is tested on the platform. The iterating and volume dynamic algorithm of transient model are studied. Real-time simulation of transient model is implemented after the integration of volume dynamic module into SIMULINK model. In order to validate the flexibility and general function of the simulation platform, another twin-spool turbofan engine model is applied.
In addition, an interactive, practical graphical user interface for simulation on the platform is programmed base on the interactive SIMULINK.
本文以建立一个用于航空发动机特性仿真的可重用、扩展灵活的航空发动机通用仿真平台为目标,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK高级图形仿真环境,运用面向图形模块对象的层次化设计方法建立了航空发动机通用仿真平台框架,利用SIMULINK模块库和S函数建立了发动机典型部件对象的部件模块库。
在部件模块库的基础上建立了四层次通用的发动机静态模型,并进行扩展构建了双轴涡扇发动机的稳态模型和动态模型。利用MATLAB语言及其函数库编写了基于牛顿-拉夫森法的稳态算法,并进行了稳态仿真验证。研究了迭代法和容积惯性法的动态模型算法,并根据容积惯性法建立了容积动力模块,在仿真平台上成功实现了某型双轴涡扇发动机的实时仿真。最后将另一种某型双轴涡扇发动机模型应用到该仿真平台上进行动态仿真,验证了平台的通用性和灵活的扩展能力。
重点开展了SIMULINK发动机模型的四层次结构研究。研究了系统模块及其子系统模块的通用性,以及模型的实时性优化问题。此外,利用SIMULINK交互式图形化仿真环境,设计建立了一整套基于模型仿真需要的可视化界面。
MATLAB/SIMULINK integrates graphical modular object oriented modeling and visual simulation, which is the foundation for implementing a reusable, extensible and flexible aeroengine simulation platform.
In order to construct a reusable, extensible and flexible simulation platform for aeroengines, graphical modular object oriented analysis and hierarchical structure design method are used based on the advanced graphical simulation environment MATLAB/SIMULINK. The method of constructing aeroengine simulation platform with SIMULINK tool packs and MATLAB language is proposed. Aeroengine component library is modeled with SIMULINK module library and S-function of MATLAB. The models are shown as intuitionistic graphical block.
A four-layer structure model of aeroengine is designed. Base on component modules, a steady state and transient model of a twin-spool turbofan engine for control system simulation purpose has been established. A steady iteration program of Newton-Raphson algorithm is programmed with MATLAB as well as its function library. Steady simulation is tested on the platform. The iterating and volume dynamic algorithm of transient model are studied. Real-time simulation of transient model is implemented after the integration of volume dynamic module into SIMULINK model. In order to validate the flexibility and general function of the simulation platform, another twin-spool turbofan engine model is applied.
In addition, an interactive, practical graphical user interface for simulation on the platform is programmed base on the interactive SIMULINK.
引文
[ 1 ] Evans A L, Follen G, Naiman C, etal, Numerical Propulsion System Simulation’s National Cycle Program, AIAA-98-3113, 1998.
[ 2 ] 刘大响,对加快发展我国航空动力的思考,航空动力学报,2001,16(1):1-7。
[ 3 ] Fishbach L H, Computer simulation of engines systems, AIAA 80-0051, 1980.
[ 4 ] Daniele C J, Sellers J F, DYNGEN a program for calculating steady and transient performance of turbojet and turbofan engine, NASA TN D-7901, 1975.
[ 5 ] Agrawal R K, Yunis M, A generalized mathematical model to estimate gas turbine starting characteristics, ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, 1982, 104: 194-201.
[ 6 ] Schobeiri M T, Attia M, Lippke C, GETRAN: a generic modularly structured computer code for simulation of dynamic behavior of aero and power generation gas turbine engines, ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, 1994, 116: 483-494.
[ 7 ] 谢志武,陈德来,翁史烈,面向对象的燃气轮机仿真建模:综述与展望,热能动力工程,1998,13(76):243-246。
[ 8 ] Drummond C K, Follen G J, Putt C W, Gas turbine system simulation: An Object-oriented approach, N93-25673, 1992.
[ 9 ] Drummond C K, Follen G J, Cannon M, Object-Oriented Technology for Compressor Simulation, AIAA No.94-3095, 1994.
[ 10 ] Curlett B P, Felder J L, Object-Oriented Approach for Gas Turbine Engine Simulation, NASA-TM-106970, 1995.
[ 11 ] Curlett B P, Hass A R, Naylor B A, Adaptive Graphical User Interface Framework for Objected-Oriented System Simulation, NASA TM-106790, 1995.
[ 12 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Java-based Interactive Graphical Gas Turbine Propulsion System Simulator,AIAA paper 97-0233, January 1997。
[ 13 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, An Extensible Object-Oriented Framework for Distributed Computational Simulation of Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems, AIAA paper 98-3565, July 1998.
[ 14 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Computational simulation of gas turbine: Part I-foundation of component-based models, ASME 99-GT-346, June 1999.
[ 15 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Computational simulation of gas turbine: Part II-Extensible domain framework, ASME 99-GT-347, June 1999.
[ 16 ] 屠仁寿,李伯虎,王正中,当前仿真方法学发展中的若干问题,系统仿真学报,1998,10(1):8-14。
[ 17 ] Agresti M, Csmporeale S.M, Fortunato B, An Object-oriented Program for the Dynamic Simulation of Gas Turbines. ASME 2000-GT-42, 2000.
[ 18 ] Khary I. Parker and Ten-Heui Guo. Development of a Turbofan Engine Simulation in a Graphical Simulation Environment [J]. NASA/TM—2003-212543. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.2003.
[ 19 ] 黄家骅,冯国泰,航空发动机特性仿真技术的进展与展望[J],推进技术,2002 ,23(4):346-351。
[ 20 ] 黄劲东,唐智明,关于推进系统数值仿真(NPSS)的几点思考[C],航空发动机数值发展战略研讨会文集,北京,中航一集团科技发展部、中航二集团发动机部,2001,1月。
[ 21 ] 唐海龙,张津,面向对象的航空发动机性能仿真程序的设计方法研究[J],航空动力学报,1999,14(4):421-424。
[ 22 ] 窦建平,黄金泉,周文祥,基于 UML 的航空发动机仿真建模研究,中国航空学会第十二届发动机自动控制学术讨论会论文集,井冈山,2004:229-233。
[ 23 ] 谢志武,苏明,翁史烈,可扩展的燃气轮机仿真对象模型[J],航空动力学报,1999,14(2):143-147。
[ 24 ] 刘永文,基于通用平台的系统建模和半物理仿真及其在舰船动力装置中的应用[D],上海交通大学,2002。
[ 25 ] 周旭,朱建林,向尕,集成化语言 Matlab 的 Simulink 仿真研究[J],湘潭大学自然科学学报,2003,22(1):99-102。
[ 26 ] 张志涌等,精通 MATLAB6.5 版[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003。
[ 27 ] 樊思齐,航空推进系统控制,北京,航空工业出版社,1992 年。
[ 28 ] 西工大、南航、北航合编,航空燃气涡轮发动机原理,北京,国防工业出版社,1981年 8 月。
[ 29 ] 吴大观主编,涡轮风扇发动机及其系统的性能研究,北京,国防工业出版社,1986 年12 月。
[ 30 ] Stamatis A, Mathioudakis K, Papailious K L, Adaptive Simulation of Gas Turbine Performance, ASME 89-GT-205, 1989.
[ 31 ] 杨刚,多变量鲁棒控制在涡扇发动机中的应用研究与实验验证,[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2004:11-22。
[ 32 ] 杨蔚华,孙健国,发动机实时建模技术的新发展,航空动力学报,1995,10(4):402-406。
[ 33 ] 刘永文,张会生,苏明,等,分布式实时仿真平台的实现策略,计算机仿真,2002,19(3):110-112。
[ 34 ] 丛靖梅,唐海龙,张 津,面向对象的双轴混排加力涡扇发动机详细非线性实时仿真模型研究,航空动力学报,2002,17(1):65-68。
[ 35 ] 刘云生,孙丰瑞,张仁兴,等,燃气轮机的实时仿真及数据预处理,海军工程大学学报,2002,14(2):76-79。
[ 36 ] 王信德,某型发动机自适应建模研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003:12-16。
[ 2 ] 刘大响,对加快发展我国航空动力的思考,航空动力学报,2001,16(1):1-7。
[ 3 ] Fishbach L H, Computer simulation of engines systems, AIAA 80-0051, 1980.
[ 4 ] Daniele C J, Sellers J F, DYNGEN a program for calculating steady and transient performance of turbojet and turbofan engine, NASA TN D-7901, 1975.
[ 5 ] Agrawal R K, Yunis M, A generalized mathematical model to estimate gas turbine starting characteristics, ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, 1982, 104: 194-201.
[ 6 ] Schobeiri M T, Attia M, Lippke C, GETRAN: a generic modularly structured computer code for simulation of dynamic behavior of aero and power generation gas turbine engines, ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, 1994, 116: 483-494.
[ 7 ] 谢志武,陈德来,翁史烈,面向对象的燃气轮机仿真建模:综述与展望,热能动力工程,1998,13(76):243-246。
[ 8 ] Drummond C K, Follen G J, Putt C W, Gas turbine system simulation: An Object-oriented approach, N93-25673, 1992.
[ 9 ] Drummond C K, Follen G J, Cannon M, Object-Oriented Technology for Compressor Simulation, AIAA No.94-3095, 1994.
[ 10 ] Curlett B P, Felder J L, Object-Oriented Approach for Gas Turbine Engine Simulation, NASA-TM-106970, 1995.
[ 11 ] Curlett B P, Hass A R, Naylor B A, Adaptive Graphical User Interface Framework for Objected-Oriented System Simulation, NASA TM-106790, 1995.
[ 12 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Java-based Interactive Graphical Gas Turbine Propulsion System Simulator,AIAA paper 97-0233, January 1997。
[ 13 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, An Extensible Object-Oriented Framework for Distributed Computational Simulation of Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems, AIAA paper 98-3565, July 1998.
[ 14 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Computational simulation of gas turbine: Part I-foundation of component-based models, ASME 99-GT-346, June 1999.
[ 15 ] Reed J A, Afjeh A A, Computational simulation of gas turbine: Part II-Extensible domain framework, ASME 99-GT-347, June 1999.
[ 16 ] 屠仁寿,李伯虎,王正中,当前仿真方法学发展中的若干问题,系统仿真学报,1998,10(1):8-14。
[ 17 ] Agresti M, Csmporeale S.M, Fortunato B, An Object-oriented Program for the Dynamic Simulation of Gas Turbines. ASME 2000-GT-42, 2000.
[ 18 ] Khary I. Parker and Ten-Heui Guo. Development of a Turbofan Engine Simulation in a Graphical Simulation Environment [J]. NASA/TM—2003-212543. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.2003.
[ 19 ] 黄家骅,冯国泰,航空发动机特性仿真技术的进展与展望[J],推进技术,2002 ,23(4):346-351。
[ 20 ] 黄劲东,唐智明,关于推进系统数值仿真(NPSS)的几点思考[C],航空发动机数值发展战略研讨会文集,北京,中航一集团科技发展部、中航二集团发动机部,2001,1月。
[ 21 ] 唐海龙,张津,面向对象的航空发动机性能仿真程序的设计方法研究[J],航空动力学报,1999,14(4):421-424。
[ 22 ] 窦建平,黄金泉,周文祥,基于 UML 的航空发动机仿真建模研究,中国航空学会第十二届发动机自动控制学术讨论会论文集,井冈山,2004:229-233。
[ 23 ] 谢志武,苏明,翁史烈,可扩展的燃气轮机仿真对象模型[J],航空动力学报,1999,14(2):143-147。
[ 24 ] 刘永文,基于通用平台的系统建模和半物理仿真及其在舰船动力装置中的应用[D],上海交通大学,2002。
[ 25 ] 周旭,朱建林,向尕,集成化语言 Matlab 的 Simulink 仿真研究[J],湘潭大学自然科学学报,2003,22(1):99-102。
[ 26 ] 张志涌等,精通 MATLAB6.5 版[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003。
[ 27 ] 樊思齐,航空推进系统控制,北京,航空工业出版社,1992 年。
[ 28 ] 西工大、南航、北航合编,航空燃气涡轮发动机原理,北京,国防工业出版社,1981年 8 月。
[ 29 ] 吴大观主编,涡轮风扇发动机及其系统的性能研究,北京,国防工业出版社,1986 年12 月。
[ 30 ] Stamatis A, Mathioudakis K, Papailious K L, Adaptive Simulation of Gas Turbine Performance, ASME 89-GT-205, 1989.
[ 31 ] 杨刚,多变量鲁棒控制在涡扇发动机中的应用研究与实验验证,[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2004:11-22。
[ 32 ] 杨蔚华,孙健国,发动机实时建模技术的新发展,航空动力学报,1995,10(4):402-406。
[ 33 ] 刘永文,张会生,苏明,等,分布式实时仿真平台的实现策略,计算机仿真,2002,19(3):110-112。
[ 34 ] 丛靖梅,唐海龙,张 津,面向对象的双轴混排加力涡扇发动机详细非线性实时仿真模型研究,航空动力学报,2002,17(1):65-68。
[ 35 ] 刘云生,孙丰瑞,张仁兴,等,燃气轮机的实时仿真及数据预处理,海军工程大学学报,2002,14(2):76-79。
[ 36 ] 王信德,某型发动机自适应建模研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003:12-16。