移动通信系统中的定位技术研究
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摘要
移动通信系统中的移动台(MS，全称mobile station)定位技术是最近几年兴起的新热点之一，基于信号到达时间差TDOA(全称Time Difference of Arrivals)的定位方法又是移动台定位的首推解决方案。
本论文首先讨论了码分多址(CDMA，全称code divison multiple access)无线移动通信系统，包括无线移动通信信道和CDMA移动通信中常用的收发信号处理方法，建立了一个较为完备的CDMA无线移动通信系统。然后，论文详细论述了基于TDOA的移动台定位技术及其在现有和将有通信系统中的实现，并大量的仿真了这种定位方法，对结果和性能进行了详细的探讨。论文最后论述了可编程逻辑器件(PLD，全称Programmable Logic Devices)的硬件开发，并论述了基于PLD的CDMA接收信号相关器的实现，给出了相关器仿真和综合的部分结果。系统中进行的移动台定位研究及性能仿真结果表明了应用该方法的可行性和算法的有效性，而且，最后讨论的相关器硬件实现不但可以用于CDMA接收信号的相关，还可以用于基于TDOA的移动台定位系统中TDOA的求解。论文附录中论述了高速运动目标定位和跟踪系统实现原理、系统中目标定位和跟踪的方法及仿真结果。
Research on position location technologies for mobiles in mobile communications systems has been activated in recent years.Position location based on TDOAs(time difference of arrivals) is the most-suggested solution of position location application.
This dissertation,first,deals with one typical CDMA(code division multiple access)wireless mobile communications system,including the wireless channel,the frequently-used signal processing methods for transmission and reception of CDMA signals,and establishes one relatively complete CDMA communications system.Then,the location technology based on TDOAs and its execution in one system are dealt in detail.Many simulations and performances measurements are made on this technology with detailed comment on the results.Lastly,the development of PLD (programmable logic devices) is dealt and one correlator of received CDMA signals based on PLD is developed.Some simulated results and synthesized results are given.Mobiles' position location measurements and simulations affirm the feasibility of this technology and the efficiency of corresponding algorithms.Moreover,the correlator of received CDMA signals can be used not only in correlating received CDMA signals,but also in solving TDOAs.The appendix deals with,exclusively,one system for high speed object's position location and track.The position location method,the track method and some simulated results in such system are included in this appendix.
本论文首先讨论了码分多址(CDMA，全称code divison multiple access)无线移动通信系统，包括无线移动通信信道和CDMA移动通信中常用的收发信号处理方法，建立了一个较为完备的CDMA无线移动通信系统。然后，论文详细论述了基于TDOA的移动台定位技术及其在现有和将有通信系统中的实现，并大量的仿真了这种定位方法，对结果和性能进行了详细的探讨。论文最后论述了可编程逻辑器件(PLD，全称Programmable Logic Devices)的硬件开发，并论述了基于PLD的CDMA接收信号相关器的实现，给出了相关器仿真和综合的部分结果。系统中进行的移动台定位研究及性能仿真结果表明了应用该方法的可行性和算法的有效性，而且，最后讨论的相关器硬件实现不但可以用于CDMA接收信号的相关，还可以用于基于TDOA的移动台定位系统中TDOA的求解。论文附录中论述了高速运动目标定位和跟踪系统实现原理、系统中目标定位和跟踪的方法及仿真结果。
Research on position location technologies for mobiles in mobile communications systems has been activated in recent years.Position location based on TDOAs(time difference of arrivals) is the most-suggested solution of position location application.
This dissertation,first,deals with one typical CDMA(code division multiple access)wireless mobile communications system,including the wireless channel,the frequently-used signal processing methods for transmission and reception of CDMA signals,and establishes one relatively complete CDMA communications system.Then,the location technology based on TDOAs and its execution in one system are dealt in detail.Many simulations and performances measurements are made on this technology with detailed comment on the results.Lastly,the development of PLD (programmable logic devices) is dealt and one correlator of received CDMA signals based on PLD is developed.Some simulated results and synthesized results are given.Mobiles' position location measurements and simulations affirm the feasibility of this technology and the efficiency of corresponding algorithms.Moreover,the correlator of received CDMA signals can be used not only in correlating received CDMA signals,but also in solving TDOAs.The appendix deals with,exclusively,one system for high speed object's position location and track.The position location method,the track method and some simulated results in such system are included in this appendix.
引文
1 M.Madfors,K.Wallstedt,S.Magnusson,H.Olofsson,P.Backman,and S.Engstorm."High capacity with limited spectrum in cellular systems",IEEE Comm. Mag.,pp38-45,August 1997
2 V.Garg,K.Smolik,and J.Wilkes,Application of CDMA in Wireless /Personal Communications,Prentice Ha11,1997
3 State of New Jersey," Report on the New Jersey wireless emergency 911 system trial:The first 100 days",June 16,1997
4 FCC Docket No.94-102," Revision of the Commission's Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Systems" ,RM-8143,July 26 1996
5 State of New Jersey," Report on the New Jersey Wireless Enhanced 911 System Trial:The First 100 days",June 16,1997
6 李正良等．《矩阵理论及应用》．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1996．8
7 郭梯云、杨家玮、李建东编著．《通信工程丛书-数字移动通信》．北京：人民邮电出版社，1995年3月
8 张宜华编写．《精通MATLAB 5》．北京：清华大学出版社．1999年6月
9 楼顺天、李博菡编著．《基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-信号处理》．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1998年9月
10 朱近康编著．《扩展频谱通信及其应用》．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社。1993年1月
11 宋万杰、罗丰、吴顺君编著．《CPLD技术及其应用》．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1999年9月
12 Jeffery H.Reed,Kevin J. Krizman,Brian D.Woerner, and T.S.Rappaport "An overview of the challenges and progress in meeting the E-911 requirements for location service" ,IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998,pp30
13 James J.Caffery, Jr. and Gordon L. Stuber"Overview of radiolocation in CDMA cellular Systems",IEEE Comm. Mag., April 1998,pp38
14 Christopher Drane,Malcolm Macnaughtan,and Craig Scott, "Positioning GSM telephones",IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998, pp46
15 Kaveh Pahlavan,Prashant Krishnamurthy,and Jacques Beneat, "Wideband radio propagation modeling for indoor geolocation Applications",IEEE Comm. Mag., April 1998, pp60
16 James M. Zagami and Steen A. Parl, Julian J. Bussgang, Karen Devereaux Melillo,"Providing universal location services using a wireless E911 location network",IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998,pp66
17 Sirin Tekinary, Ed Chao and Robert Richton, "Performance benchmarking for wireless location systems" ,IEEE Comm.Mag.,April 1998,pp72
18E.Howland, "Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar" ,IEE Proc.Radar,Sonar,Navig.Vol.146,No.3,June 1999,pp166-174
19E.Howland, "A Passive metric radar using a transmitter of opportunity" ,Int.Conf.On Radar,1994,Paris,France,May 1994,pp251-256
20H.D.Griffiths," Television-based bistatic radar" ,IEE Proc.,Vol.133,Pt.F,No.7,Dec.1986,pp649-657
21Altera Altera Data Book,1998．
22B.T.Fang,"Simple solution for hyperbolic and related fixes" ,IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.26, no.5,pp748-753,September 1990
23Y.T.Chan and K.C.Ho, "A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location " ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.42,no.8,pp!905-1915,August 1994
24 T.S.Rappaport,J.H.Reed and B.D.Woerner, "Position location using wireless communications on highways of the future" ,IEEE Communications Magazine,vol.34,no.10,pp33-41,October 1996
25Chih-Kang Chen and W.A.Gardner,"Signal selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive enviroments,Part II: algorithms and performance" ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.40,no.5,pp1185-1197,May 1992
26A.Gardner and Chih-Kang Chen,"Signal selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive enviroments,Part I: theory and method" ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.40,no.5,pp1168-1184,May 1992
27C.H.Knapp and G.C.Carter,"The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay" ,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing,Vol.ASSP-24,no.4,pp320-327,August 1976
28Theodore.S.Rappaport, "Wireless Communications:Principles and Practices" ,Prentice Hall Inc.,1996
2 V.Garg,K.Smolik,and J.Wilkes,Application of CDMA in Wireless /Personal Communications,Prentice Ha11,1997
3 State of New Jersey," Report on the New Jersey wireless emergency 911 system trial:The first 100 days",June 16,1997
4 FCC Docket No.94-102," Revision of the Commission's Rules to Ensure Compatibility with Enhanced 911 Emergency Calling Systems" ,RM-8143,July 26 1996
5 State of New Jersey," Report on the New Jersey Wireless Enhanced 911 System Trial:The First 100 days",June 16,1997
6 李正良等．《矩阵理论及应用》．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1996．8
7 郭梯云、杨家玮、李建东编著．《通信工程丛书-数字移动通信》．北京：人民邮电出版社，1995年3月
8 张宜华编写．《精通MATLAB 5》．北京：清华大学出版社．1999年6月
9 楼顺天、李博菡编著．《基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-信号处理》．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1998年9月
10 朱近康编著．《扩展频谱通信及其应用》．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社。1993年1月
11 宋万杰、罗丰、吴顺君编著．《CPLD技术及其应用》．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1999年9月
12 Jeffery H.Reed,Kevin J. Krizman,Brian D.Woerner, and T.S.Rappaport "An overview of the challenges and progress in meeting the E-911 requirements for location service" ,IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998,pp30
13 James J.Caffery, Jr. and Gordon L. Stuber"Overview of radiolocation in CDMA cellular Systems",IEEE Comm. Mag., April 1998,pp38
14 Christopher Drane,Malcolm Macnaughtan,and Craig Scott, "Positioning GSM telephones",IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998, pp46
15 Kaveh Pahlavan,Prashant Krishnamurthy,and Jacques Beneat, "Wideband radio propagation modeling for indoor geolocation Applications",IEEE Comm. Mag., April 1998, pp60
16 James M. Zagami and Steen A. Parl, Julian J. Bussgang, Karen Devereaux Melillo,"Providing universal location services using a wireless E911 location network",IEEE Comm. Mag.,April 1998,pp66
17 Sirin Tekinary, Ed Chao and Robert Richton, "Performance benchmarking for wireless location systems" ,IEEE Comm.Mag.,April 1998,pp72
18E.Howland, "Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar" ,IEE Proc.Radar,Sonar,Navig.Vol.146,No.3,June 1999,pp166-174
19E.Howland, "A Passive metric radar using a transmitter of opportunity" ,Int.Conf.On Radar,1994,Paris,France,May 1994,pp251-256
20H.D.Griffiths," Television-based bistatic radar" ,IEE Proc.,Vol.133,Pt.F,No.7,Dec.1986,pp649-657
21Altera Altera Data Book,1998．
22B.T.Fang,"Simple solution for hyperbolic and related fixes" ,IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.26, no.5,pp748-753,September 1990
23Y.T.Chan and K.C.Ho, "A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location " ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.42,no.8,pp!905-1915,August 1994
24 T.S.Rappaport,J.H.Reed and B.D.Woerner, "Position location using wireless communications on highways of the future" ,IEEE Communications Magazine,vol.34,no.10,pp33-41,October 1996
25Chih-Kang Chen and W.A.Gardner,"Signal selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive enviroments,Part II: algorithms and performance" ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.40,no.5,pp1185-1197,May 1992
26A.Gardner and Chih-Kang Chen,"Signal selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive enviroments,Part I: theory and method" ,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.40,no.5,pp1168-1184,May 1992
27C.H.Knapp and G.C.Carter,"The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay" ,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing,Vol.ASSP-24,no.4,pp320-327,August 1976
28Theodore.S.Rappaport, "Wireless Communications:Principles and Practices" ,Prentice Hall Inc.,1996