中心制造船模式的研究与应用
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文首次提出并初步实践了中心制造船模式。总装化造船的思想、建立造船精益机构是贯穿本论文的主线,是中心制造船模式的内涵和出发点,其目标是实现精益化生产。精益机构的核心是船坞为中心的总装化机构。论文分析了造船技术的发展、信息化推动造船工业现代化的作用,以及向总装化造船方向发展的必然趋势。精益机构所形成的供应链,分内部和外部供应链。以价值链为先导,分析船舶制造系统的供应链,以船板为例说明供应链计划的形成过程,应用层次分析法来选择供应商,建立供应商数据库。
     本文从一般制造系统的复杂性出发,研究船舶制造系统复杂程度。其有效途径为:提高信息量,减少系统的控制级,实施系统的有效控制和减少不必要的中间环节,提出了中心制造船模式,并与传统模式进行了比较。中心制造船模式不同于传统车间管理模式,根据专业特性和综合技术要求建立一种新的综合型生产组织方式。生产运作过程以计划为导向,各生产中心形成相对封闭的责任单元,完成按指令的阶段中间产品,实现质量、成本可控,最终达到企业利润最优的目标。系统的结构是关键,结构变化,则系统随之发生变化,直至质变,进而探讨中心制造船模式的系统结构,及运作机制。
     产品导向型作业分解是中心制造船模式下的运作方式的基础,关系到设计、制造和整个管理环节。依据PWBS原理的基本概念和任务包的生产特征,论述在中心制造船模式下实现PWBS的途径。并在PWBS首次引入了相似度的概念,分析了相似度精确计算方法,指出在实际应用的前景。根据模糊聚类分析原理在分段作业类型特征分类上实现了分段的自动分类,是相似性理论的在造船中的具体应用。
     中心制造船模式一个重要特征是以计划为导向,建立计划体系是实现系统有序和高效控制的关键。本文分析了船舶建造系统时限计划,以及柔性计划的概念和实现的途径。在中心制造船模式下长期计划、中期计划、月计划、周计划和日计划等建立的原则和方法。在研究船舶生产效率的基础上分析造
    
     0
     哈尔滨工程大学博土学位论文
    船工时,以及工时在各中心的分配问题;人力资源计划产生的基础是各中心.
    的劳动负荷状况,是一个柔性计划。
     IHOP计划是中心制造船模式实现以计划为导向的重要组成部分。研究
    得出最优计划等都有NP或NPC难度,这给制定计划和优化计划带来很大困
    难,为此本文通过研究通常的遗传算法,提出改进方法;研究处理各生产中
    心约束条件极其简化方法,来解决IHOPS。在此基础上编程试算,结果表明
    该方法是可行的。
     本文分析了以汽车为代表的大批量流水线生产的特征。船舶制造分段流
    水线与汽车等大批量生产有很大的区别,是按成组技术把作业特征相似的分
    段集中在一起制造。平面分段的类型可分为单壳和双壳两个基本类型。本文
    着重分析了平面分段流水线的工艺特征、关键技术和设备配置,进而分析单
    壳平面分段生产的组织结构,包括人员配置、系统控制、作业方式和影响流
    水线作业的因素,并且研究了流水线的节奏和节拍模型。分段离散制造,其
    实也是按照一定节奏来生产,生产特征是以一个个胎位来组织的。船坞是精 一
    益机构最重要的生产资源,本文在建立数学模型的基础上,提出了坞位排序
     -
    模拟优化方法,并给出了实例来说明本方法的可行性。
     本文最后论述中心制造船模式在外高桥造船的初步应用,造船基地的规
    划、设计和船厂运作管理都体现了“中心制造船”的思想。介绍了外高桥造
    船目前建设情况,初步建立的中心制造船模式,并展望了中心制造船模式在
    外高桥造船的发展前景。
The main clue of this article is the thought of general assembly and establishing Lean Structure,which is the intention and starting point of the Center Shipbuilding model with a goal of realizing Lean Production. The key of Lean structure is the integral structure with dry-docks as a core. By analyzing the effects of technology improvement,the article draws the conclusion that the development toward general erection is an inevitable tendency. The supply chain by which the lean structure links to the outside could be divided into inner supply chain and outer supply chain. The analysis of formation of supply chain with ship plate as an example and the research into how to select provider by level analyzing method and then establish provider database according to credit are also discussed in this article.
    The author researches in the complexity of shipbuilding starting from that of general manufacturing system. The effective channel is to raise information quantity,reduce control levels,implement an effective control and reduce unnecessary links. In this article,the concept of center production model and also the comparison with the traditional models are put forward. The center production model combines the advantages of specialization and comprehensiveness and differs from the traditional models as a totally new way of comprehensively production organizing method. In the working process,every production center is,guided by a general plan,a relatively independent unit of responsibility,which makes interim products according to a direction and realizes the control of quality and cots,all of which finally leads to the profits of the enterprise. The author discuses the characteristics of center production models and its operation mechanism,with the system structure as a key.
    The core of center model operation method is the products-guiding job
    
    
    disintegration,which covers design,manufacture and whole management links. Firstly,the concept of PWBS and the features of task packages,which are grouped according to similarity,are analyzed. In accordance with PWBS principle,the realizing channels of PWBS under center production is expounded. The concept of similarity degree is for the first time introduced into PWBS,for the purpose of analyzing the geometrical shape and production features of interim products. The author analyzed by example the accurate calculation method of similarity degree and the prospect of its practical application. The article also probes the automatical categorization of block job by using blur grouping analyzing theory,which is the similarity application in shipbuilding.
    One important feature of center production model is direction of plan. The establishment of a plan system is key to realize an orderly and high efficient control of the system. The article analyzes the frame time planning of shipbuilding system,introduces the concept of flexible plan,realizing channels,and also the establishing principle and methods of long-term planning,middle-term planning,center planning,monthly plan,weekly planning,and daily planning under center production model. The article analyzes work hours and its distribution to centers according to research into shipbuilding efficiency. Basing on the labor load condition in centers,human power scheduling is also a flexible.
    IHOP scheduling is an integral part in realization of center model with a plan as a guideline. For the reason that the optimum plan are all NP or NPC problems which are big obstacles to plan drawing and optimizing,the article puts forward an improved genetic algorithm to solve the problem of IHOP and discusses how to simplify them. The programming on such a basis to try calculation is feasible.
    The article gives out a calculating method by using a simulation random optimizing method and explains by a detailed example that it could solve the complex problem of optimum of dock place order combination. In the two typical production centers-flat panel and curved panel centers,production line and
    
    dispersed production method are adopted. P
引文
[1] 陈强.生产中心造船模式的研究与应用.造船技术 2000年第3期,P5~7
    [2] 研究报告“关于上海船舶工业国际竞争力问题的研究”上海市造船工程学会,2000年3月
    [3] 高介祜.转模:要理论,更要实践.中国船舶报,2001年第36期,第四版
    [4] 上海外高桥造船基地可行性研究报告(第一册),中国船舶工业总公司 第九设计设计研究院,上海外高桥造船基地,1997年
    [5] 徐学光.壳舾涂一体化内涵的探析,造船技术,1998No.2,10~20
    [6] 刘建峰,秦士元,应长春.面向集成船舶制造系统分析,船舶,2000年第2期
    [7] 林福永著,一般系统结构理论[M],暨南大学出版社,1998
    [8] Richard Lee Storch, Colin P. Hammon, Howard M. Bunch, et al Ship Production [M].The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 601 Pavonia, Jersey City, New Jersey. 1995. 252-318.
    [9] 陈强.船舶制造系统的复杂性及其控制.中国造船,2002年第1期,
    [10] 马士华,林勇,陈志祥 著.供应链管理.机械工业出版社.2000.5,P200~250
    [11] Richard B.Chase Nicholas J.Aquilano F.Roben Jacobs宋国防等译,Production and Operations Management Manufacture and Service生产与运作管理 制造与服务,北京:机械工业出版社1999.7
    [12] 翁德伟主编,徐学光,陆伟东副主编.造船成组技术,上海:上海交通大学出版社 1990年
    [13] Clark J, Lamb T., Build Strategy Development. Journal of Ship Production, 1996,12(3): 198
    [14] T. Moan and S.Berge, Proceedings of the 13th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, Vol. 1.
    [15] 徐学光,探索船舶工业的持续发展.上海造船,1999,1
    
    
    [16]陈强.上海外高桥造船基地ERP系统应用探讨.中国海洋平台1999年第5期
    [17]陈强.外高桥造船新厂的入市策略.造船技术2000年第6期,P4~6
    [18]陈强.船厂技术发展战略—暨外高桥船厂经营策略之我见.船舶工程2001年第4期,P48~54
    [19]中国船舶工业总公司.现代造船模式研究报告,国家软科学研究项目研究报告1996年6月
    [20]刘建峰著.基于PWBS船体建造运作策略研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文,2000.9。
    [21]周美立 著.相似工程学.机械工业出版社.1998.6,P100~115
    [22]杨伦标,高英仪 编著.模糊数学原理及应用(第二版).华南理工大学出版社,1998
    [23]韩国造船协会统计资料,1999年。
    [24]现代造船工程[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社 1998.65~93.
    [25]王勇毅 主编.船体建造工艺学(第二版).人民交通出版社.1989.6
    [26]邢文训,谢金宝编著.现代优化计算方法.清华大学出版社,1999年第一版
    [27]屈婉玲编.组合数学,北京大学出版社,1989年11月
    [28]朱学军.基于Pareto多目标进化计算的健壮性设计方法及应用研究.上海交通大学机械工程学院博士论文.1999.8,26~30.
    [29]刘勇,康立山,陈毓屏.非数值平行算法[M].北京:科学出版社1995,5~74.
    [30]潘家轺等编著,现代生产管理学,清华大学出版社,1994
    [31]陈强.以信息化提升船舶工业现代化.第三届上海国际工业博览会科技论坛,上海船舶工业与信息化研讨会论文集2001
    [32]Alfeld L.E. ,Pilliod C.S. ,Wilkins JR A Simulation Model of the Shipbuilding Process. Journal of Ship Production, Vol. 14,No.1, Feb. 1988,33-40.
    [33]秦士元编著,系统分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社1987年
    [34]Philip C.Koenig and Walter L.Christensen, Development and Implementation of Model Work Breakdown Structure in Naval Construction: A Case Study, Journal of Ship Production, Vol.15,No.3. August 1999,pp 136-145.
    
    
    [35] George Bruce ,Bill Hills ,and Richard Storch, Design for Production, 1998 Elsevier B.V. ,pp331~339
    [36] 中国船舶工业总公司船舶建造方针指导组.船舶建造方针,1994.
    [37] J.A. Scott ,D.S. Todd and P. Sen, An Evolution Approach to the Scheduling of Ship Design and Production Process, 1998 Elsevier B.V. ,pp351~357
    [38] Aoyama, K., et al. System of Parts design and Manufacturing in Shipbuilding. JSNAJ, 178,551-561.
    [39] Amemiya, T.Production Planning System for Oppama Shipyard. ICCAS'94, 2:12,3-14.
    [40] Nakayama, J. Expert Process Planning System of CIM for Shipbuilding. ICCAS'94, 2:12,55-66.
    [41] Park. K, Lee.K, Park. S.Kim. S. Modeling and Solving then Spatial Block Scheduling Problem in Shipbuilding Company. Computers Ind. Engng. Vol.30, 357-364, 1996
    [42] Lee.T.E, Song. J.S. Searched Based Heuristic Algorithms for Basic Planning in a Large Shipyard. Journal of ship production, Vol. 12, No.4, Nov. 1996.
    [43] Neumann. R.J. Network Scheduling Development in an MRP Ⅱ Environment. Journal of ship production, Vol. 10, No.4.Nov. 1994.
    [44] 吴锡英,周伯鑫 编著.计算机集成制造技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1996.12
    [45] 张根保,先进制造技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1996.7
    [46] Louis Edward Alfeld and Colleen S. Pillod . The Virtual Shipyard: A Simulation Model of the Shipbuilding Process. Journal of Ship Production, vol.14.No 1,Feb' 1998,30-40
    [47] B.George, H.Bill, and S.Richard. Design for Production .1998 Elsevier Science B.V. 331-339
    [48] 中国船舶工业总公司缩短造船周期对策研究课题组.缩短造船周期对策研究报告,中国船舶科技报告,1993年3月
    
    
    [49] Howard. M. Bunch. A Study of the Cause of Man-hours Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards. Journal of Ship Production, 1990(4):268
    [50] 28 Arguto W. Integrated Design Packages: The Link between Manufacturing and Design. Journal of Ship Production, 1993,12(1):51
    [51] William Hills, I.L. Buxton, and Robert G.maddison Design for Steel work Production During the Concept Design Phase, Journal of Ship Production, Vol.6. No.3, Aug. 1990.pp151~163
    [52] 稻井 秀穗.新船厂建设,1998年10月
    [53] 蔡常丰编著.数学模型建模分析,科学出版社,1995年,10~13.
    [54] Scott N.G. Evolution of Cost/Schedule Control (Direct Labor) in Naval Shipyards. Journal of Ship Production, 1993,11 (4): 245.
    [55] 朱骏.最佳分段储备量的研究,武汉交通科技大学硕士论文,1995
    [56] 王勇毅主编.船体建造工艺学,人民交通出版社,1989
    [57] 《数学手册》编写组.数学手册,人民教育出版社,1979.5
    [58] 应长春.知识经济时代的制造业,华东船舶工业学院学报,1998,9,31~42
    [59] 夏锡平.知识经济与中国船舶工业的发展,船舶,1998,5,15~18
    [60] Franz A. P. Frisch, Design/Production Integration and Industrial Structure ,Journal of Ship Production, Vol.10.NO.2, May 1994,82~89
    [61] Richard H. Lovahl, Jr. Douglas J.Martin, Michael A.Polini, Ron W. wood, Michael L.Gerardi. The NIDDESC Ship Product Model:The STEP Solution, Journal of Ship Production ,Vol.10.Nol ,Feb. 1994,39~50
    [62] Richard Lee Storch and Louis D.Chirillo. The information Required From Planning Yards to Support Zone Logic, Journal of Ship Production.9,No.2,May 1993,69~87
    [63] Scott N.Gessis. Evolution of Cost/Schedule Control (Direct Labor) in Naval Shipyard, Journal of Ship Production,Vol.9,No.4,Nov. 1993,245~253
    [64] A.R.Nar and O.P. Sha, Computer-Aided Materials Management and Control for a Shipbuilding Yard , Journal of Ship Production, Vol.9,No.4,Nov. 1993,254~259
    [65] Mark H. Spicnall and Michael Wade. Reducing the Construction Contract Cycle for Naval Auxiliary Ships. Journal of Ship Production, Vol.9, No.2, May. 1993, 121~136.
    
    
    [66] Stephen J.Baum, and Ravi ramakrishnan. Applying 3D Production Modeling Technology to Shipbuilding. Marine Technology , Vol.34,Nol,Jan 1997,56~65
    [67] Michael L. Cecre LLL, Jack Abbott, Michael L. Bosworth, and Tracy Joseph Valsi. Commonality-Based Naval Ship Design, Production and Support, Journal of Ship Production,Vol.11,No.1,Feb. 1995,1~14
    [68] W.W. Van Devenender and A.S. Holland. Design/Production Integration ,Journal of Ship Production, Journal of Ship Productionol.ll,No.2,May 1995,90~96
    [69] 刘小凡,周国胜.依靠科技进步提高造船整体技术水平,造船技术,1998,No.1,1~5
    [70] 何亮.日本造船工业发展的经验及启示,造船技术,1998,No.1,6~7
    [71] 高涌顺,刘峻.船体分段结构图设计的深化与改进,造船技术,1998 No.5,10~20
    [72] 王中强编译.船舶产品的统一化和概论,国防工业出版社,1992
    [73] 许香穗,蔡建国主编,成组技术,机械工业出版社,1997
    [74] 钱多一.船舶设计的传统模式面临造船模式的挑战,船舶,1996 No.1
    [75] 应长春,徐学光.论现代造船体制的特征和实践,中国造船,1995 No.2,1~11
    [76] 高介祜.现代造船模式的探索,上船科技,1997 No6,1~11
    [77] 张美玉等译.相似性理论的原理与实践,成组技术与生产现代化,1996 No.1.p25~28
    [78] 吴天俊主编.造船生产自动化.国防工业出版社,1991
    [79] 白云彩等编著,计算机集成制造系统,清华大学出版社,1997
    [80] 冯运檀主编,船体建造工艺学,哈尔滨船舶工程学院,1990
    [81] 季建华等编著.成组生产管理,陕西科学技术出版社,1995
    [82] 刘思峰,赵亮.风险投资评估的一种新方法.中国管理科学.Vol.9 No.2,2001.4月第2期,P22~26
    
    
    [83] 欧永斌,彭佳红,赵宏.求解组合优化问题的组合遗传算法.吉首大学学报.Vol.20 No.1 Mar,1999,P42~45
    [84] 张立昂.NP组合优化近似计算的难度.数学理论与应用.Vol.19 No.3 Sep,1999,P60~66。
    [85] 德 W.Ernst,B.Viergutz;M.wolf.以条件控制的过程链—信息管理的基础Process Chains Controlled Through Events——The fundament of Information Management.王继平译,管新朝校.工业工程学管理.1999年第3期,P31~33
    [86] 吴益传 主编.信息技术与信息产业.新华出版社.2000.4,P1~20
    [87] Charles M.Savage. Fifth Generation Management, Co-coreating through virtual enterprising, Dynamic teaming and knowledge networking , Bulterworth—Heinemann 1996。
    [88] 邓聚龙著.灰色系统基本方法.华中理工大学出版社.1987.11
    [89] 丁立信,张铎 主编.物流系统工程.清华大学出版社.2000.4
    [90] 陈强.上海外高桥造船基地ERP系统应用探讨.中国海洋平台.1999年第5期,P29~32
    [91] 陈强.论生产中心造船模式中的CIMS系统.船舶工程.2000.5,P5~7
    [92] 海锦涛,张立斌,陆率 编.先进制造技术.机械工业出版社.1996.12
    [93] 孙大涌,屈贤明,张松溪 主编.先进制造技术.机械工业出版社.2000.2
    [94] 汪熙,乔治·韦泽斯比,李慈雄 主编.精干型企业.上海人民出版社,1999年
    [95] 程庆和,王衡元,施渭滨.中国造船企业集成制造系统适用研究.中国造船,2000年12月,pp5-12
    [96] 陈强.外高桥造船基地产品组合分析与船坞尺寸的确定.中国海洋平台.2000年第一期,P29~32
    [97] 陈强.外高桥造船基地产品组合分析与船坞尺寸的确定.中国海洋平台 P33~37
    [98] 陈强.上海外高桥基地与生产中心造船新模式的建设.上海造船.2001年第2期,P42~46
    [99] M.Z.Yuliadi,A.shahab,and G.Bruce. A Study on the Prediction of Ship Distortion Topology by Neural Networks. Journal of Ship Production, Vo.115,No.4 ,pp191~197
    
    
    [100] Jong Gye Shin, Won Don Kim, and Jang Hyun Lee. An Integrated Approach for the Computerized Production Process of Curved Hull Plate. Journal of Ship Production, Vo.14,No.2 ,pp124~133
    [101] 罗广基.加深对现代造船模式内涵的理解.造船生产设计成组技术通讯(增刊)1996
    [102] 查尔斯·M·萨维奇著,谢强华等译.第五代管理.珠海出版社,1996年
    [103] 阿·克·谢尔柯夫著,陈光圻,陈春华、阎学仕 译.造船所及车间工艺设计手册.中国船舶工业第九设计研究院,1983年2月
    [104] Larry Mercier, Tracy Byington, Walt Senkwic,and Christopher Barry. Implementation of Integrated CAD/CAM Systems in Small and Medium Sized Shipyards. Journal of Ship Production, Vo.14,No.2 ,pp134~153

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700