桥区河段船舶航迹数学分析及引航方法研究
摘要
近年来，我国由“水、陆、空”所形成的立体交通得到了迅猛的发展，内河水道上架设的桥梁越来越多。由于在桥梁的选址及建桥方案的确定中，有的桥梁对船舶的安全通航问题考虑不够充分，致使桥梁的建设严重妨碍船舶安全通航，使船舶在桥区交通事故时有发生，造成了严重的经济损失。为了使船舶驾驶员对复杂的桥区河段有较清楚的了解，本文从桥区的航道、水流特征入手，分析桥区河段船舶航行的轨迹并进行数学计算，以此为理论依据，从而总结出桥区河段的系统引航方法，以指导驾驶员在桥区操纵船舶安全航行。
本文结合导师课题，“苏通长江公路大桥船舶通航实船试验及模拟研究”，和“宜万铁路宜昌长江铁路大桥船舶通航问题研究”通过大量的实船试验：海船及船队的Z型试验、旋回圈试验、冲程试验和海船及船队在桥区的航行会船试验等，以试验的数据为依据进行理论分析、计算，然后根据船舶的操纵性能及操纵响应方程，计算船舶在桥区的运动要素及航迹。本文共分五章：第一章为绪论，阐述课题的来源及意义，国内外发展现状及课题研究的内容等。第二章是船舶在桥区安全航行的可靠性分析。根据可靠性理论分析桥区河段水流、航道及桥梁结构等影响船舶安全航行的因素，并对各因素影响船舶安全航行情况进行概率评估，从而提出本课题研究的重要性及意义。第三章为桥区河段船舶航迹数学分析。根据船舶操纵性理论，建立船舶在桥区运动的数学模型，并对不同情况下的运动参数的求解进行分析。第四章为船舶在桥区运动轨迹的实例计算。以试验及调研的数据为依据，运用第三章建立的数学模型分析、计算船舶在桥区运动的轨迹及航迹带，重点计算在风、流等因素影响下的船舶横向漂移量，并对船舶在桥区运动轨迹方程的参数及桥区影响船舶横向漂移量的因素进行分析，为船舶在桥区安全航行提供理论依据。第五章为桥区河段船舶引航方法研究。根据三、四章理论分析和实船计算得出的各影响船舶安全通航的因素，结合桥区经验引航方法，分析总结出在不同情况下的桥区系统引航方法。本章还提出了桥区河段船舶安全航行的保障措施。由于桥梁的架设限制了船舶通航的高度和宽度，因此在此提出保障船舶在桥区安全航行应建立的各种保障措施和航行安全管理规则等，以提高船舶过桥航行的安全可靠性。
本文以实船试验为依据，运用操纵性理论，分析、计算船舶在桥区的运动情况，提出系统的桥区引航方法，为驾驶员在桥区操纵船舶提供理论基础。
Nowadays, more and more bridges on the inland water appear in China with the rapid development of the three-dimensional transportation which formed by " water, land, air". As to the inadequate analysis on the influence of the navigational safety during the selection of the bridge location and build project, some bridge badly interfer with the safety of navigation. The accidents will cause huge damage. In order to help navigators to understand the complex characters in the bridge waters, the paper analyses the track in mathematics in accordance with the characters of the channel and current in the bridge waters. It also concludes the systemic navigation methods that can instruct the pilot to navigate safety.
The study comes from two projects-"The practical experiment of ship navigation and the simulation study of the Shu-Tong Yangtze River road bridge" and "The study on the ship navigation of the Yichang Yangtze River railway bridge". The data is from these practical experiment which includes Z-model experiment of sea-going vessel and fleet, turning motion experiment, stroke experiment and encounter experiment between sea-going vessel and fleet. Based on those, it calculates the track of the ship in the navigational waters according to the maneuverability and the response equation.
Five chapters are divided in this dissertation. The origin and aim of this project are reviewed in the chapter 1, which includes the present condition in this field. The reliability analysis of the ship navigating in bridge area is present in the chapter 2. The analysis includes these factors-current: channel and bridge structure. It puts forward the importance and value of the study with the probability evaluation of each factor act on the navigational safety. The chapter 3 and 4 are the core of this dissertation. Under the theory of ship manoeuvre capability, it calculates the moving track and strap especially affected by wind and current. Base on the analysis of those parameter, the basic theory is provided on navigational safety in the bridge waters. The pilotage method is concluded in the chapter 5. Based on the analysis of above study and the traditional experience, it concludes systemic pilot method under different conditions and also presents the guarantee measures. The bridge limits the height and breadth of channel, some measures and regulations of the safety management are necessary for the developed dependability.
Applied the theory of manoeuvre capability, The paper analyses and calculates
the characters of ship movement in the bridge area based on the data of practical experiment and provides the systemic method of pilotage to help pilot when guide vessel in the bridge waters.
本文结合导师课题，“苏通长江公路大桥船舶通航实船试验及模拟研究”，和“宜万铁路宜昌长江铁路大桥船舶通航问题研究”通过大量的实船试验：海船及船队的Z型试验、旋回圈试验、冲程试验和海船及船队在桥区的航行会船试验等，以试验的数据为依据进行理论分析、计算，然后根据船舶的操纵性能及操纵响应方程，计算船舶在桥区的运动要素及航迹。本文共分五章：第一章为绪论，阐述课题的来源及意义，国内外发展现状及课题研究的内容等。第二章是船舶在桥区安全航行的可靠性分析。根据可靠性理论分析桥区河段水流、航道及桥梁结构等影响船舶安全航行的因素，并对各因素影响船舶安全航行情况进行概率评估，从而提出本课题研究的重要性及意义。第三章为桥区河段船舶航迹数学分析。根据船舶操纵性理论，建立船舶在桥区运动的数学模型，并对不同情况下的运动参数的求解进行分析。第四章为船舶在桥区运动轨迹的实例计算。以试验及调研的数据为依据，运用第三章建立的数学模型分析、计算船舶在桥区运动的轨迹及航迹带，重点计算在风、流等因素影响下的船舶横向漂移量，并对船舶在桥区运动轨迹方程的参数及桥区影响船舶横向漂移量的因素进行分析，为船舶在桥区安全航行提供理论依据。第五章为桥区河段船舶引航方法研究。根据三、四章理论分析和实船计算得出的各影响船舶安全通航的因素，结合桥区经验引航方法，分析总结出在不同情况下的桥区系统引航方法。本章还提出了桥区河段船舶安全航行的保障措施。由于桥梁的架设限制了船舶通航的高度和宽度，因此在此提出保障船舶在桥区安全航行应建立的各种保障措施和航行安全管理规则等，以提高船舶过桥航行的安全可靠性。
本文以实船试验为依据，运用操纵性理论，分析、计算船舶在桥区的运动情况，提出系统的桥区引航方法，为驾驶员在桥区操纵船舶提供理论基础。
Nowadays, more and more bridges on the inland water appear in China with the rapid development of the three-dimensional transportation which formed by " water, land, air". As to the inadequate analysis on the influence of the navigational safety during the selection of the bridge location and build project, some bridge badly interfer with the safety of navigation. The accidents will cause huge damage. In order to help navigators to understand the complex characters in the bridge waters, the paper analyses the track in mathematics in accordance with the characters of the channel and current in the bridge waters. It also concludes the systemic navigation methods that can instruct the pilot to navigate safety.
The study comes from two projects-"The practical experiment of ship navigation and the simulation study of the Shu-Tong Yangtze River road bridge" and "The study on the ship navigation of the Yichang Yangtze River railway bridge". The data is from these practical experiment which includes Z-model experiment of sea-going vessel and fleet, turning motion experiment, stroke experiment and encounter experiment between sea-going vessel and fleet. Based on those, it calculates the track of the ship in the navigational waters according to the maneuverability and the response equation.
Five chapters are divided in this dissertation. The origin and aim of this project are reviewed in the chapter 1, which includes the present condition in this field. The reliability analysis of the ship navigating in bridge area is present in the chapter 2. The analysis includes these factors-current: channel and bridge structure. It puts forward the importance and value of the study with the probability evaluation of each factor act on the navigational safety. The chapter 3 and 4 are the core of this dissertation. Under the theory of ship manoeuvre capability, it calculates the moving track and strap especially affected by wind and current. Base on the analysis of those parameter, the basic theory is provided on navigational safety in the bridge waters. The pilotage method is concluded in the chapter 5. Based on the analysis of above study and the traditional experience, it concludes systemic pilot method under different conditions and also presents the guarantee measures. The bridge limits the height and breadth of channel, some measures and regulations of the safety management are necessary for the developed dependability.
Applied the theory of manoeuvre capability, The paper analyses and calculates
the characters of ship movement in the bridge area based on the data of practical experiment and provides the systemic method of pilotage to help pilot when guide vessel in the bridge waters.
引文
[1]．刘明俊 船舶(队)通过黄石大桥引航技术研究 航海技术，1999(1)
[2]．刘明俊等 对船舶(队)通过黄石大桥引航技术(理论)的再研究，船舶安全管理与驾驶论文集
[3]．船舶狭水道航行与防碰论文集，1998
[4]．桥区引航论文集，1994
[5]．长江下游分道航行图，交通部长江港航监督局，1995
[6]．长江下游分道航行指南，交通部长江港航监督局，1995．8
[7]．齐传新、刘明俊 内河引航，1996
[8]．王凯森等 长江下游引航指南(中册)，1990
[9]．齐传新 内河船舶运输安全学，1991
[10]．严士健 概率论与数理统计基础，1984
[11]．向长清等 川江引航技术，1997
[12]．刘明俊、齐传新 船舶曲线运动特征及其相关要素探讨，1996
[13]．刘明俊、齐传新 弯曲河段挂高取矮航法理论分析初探，1994
[14]．邱振良 船舶操纵，1989
[15]．活学VB5．0
[16]．水运技术词典编纂委员会 水运技术词典，船舶驾驶分册 北京：人民交通出版社，1981．P
[17]．施周 模拟的现代化 航海科技动态，1997(10)．P1～P2
[18]．张尧船商综合导航模拟器技术简介 上海：英国船商有限公司上海代表工处，1999
[19]．齐传新 内河雷达引航实操训练与模拟训练 武汉河运专科学校学报，1992(6)．Vol．11．P1～4
[20]．范尚雍 船舶操纵性 第一版 北京：国防工业出版社，1988
[21]．杨为民等 可靠性、维修性、保障性总论，1995
[22]．甄德福 罗世平 杨秋平 船舶操纵与避碰 人民交通出版社，1998
[23]．张素琴 C++程序设计 清华大学出版社，1995
[24]．张晓兔等 三峡通航船队的操纵计算与仿真，武汉交通科技大学学报，2000(2)
[25]．萧哲 我国交通运输的现状和发展，武汉交通科技大学学报，1999(5)
[26]．交通船只与桥梁结构的相互影响，国际桥梁和结构工程协会(IABSE)，1991年9月
[27]．长江干线船舶交通事故统计分析报告汇编，交通部长江港航监督局，1986．7
[28]．[美].N.纽曼 船舶流体动力学，1986
[29]．[苏].B.H安菲莫夫等 船舶牵引计算，1985
[30]．今津衡突危险评价(日)航海，1984(80)
[31]．叶敬崇等 流体力学，复旦大学出版社，1989．5 上海
[32]．谷超豪等编 数学物理方程，上海科学技术出版社，上海，1978．5
[33]. Davis PV Validation of Radar simulator Result The Journal of Navigation, 1981(34)
[34]. STCW95.International Maritime Organization. London: 1996
[35]. V.I.ZALKOV. MMS5.0 USER MANUAL 1993
[36]. Masanori Ito. Direction and Course Keeping Control of Ship Navigating in Transverse Flow. 武汉：中日航海交流会, 1998
[37]. Takashina. A Practical Calculation Method of ship Maneuvering Motion Int. Shipbuilding Progress, 1981 Voi 28.P300
[38]．[苏]巴甫连柯 内河船舶和船队的操纵性．武汉：交通部长长江航务管理局，1982．P70～99
[39]. Robert Sutton, Stephen D.H. Taylor and Geoffrey N. Roberts Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques Applied to a Ship Autopilot Design The Journal of Navigation. vol(49)
[40]．[美]威廉E 博伊斯 建立数学模型实例研究，1992
[41]. Fujii,y.: "Integrated Study on Marine Traffic Accidents," IABSE Colloquium on Ship Collission with Bridges and Offshore Structures,Copenhagen.2000
[42]. Fujii,Y.: "Effective Areas of Ship", Journal of Navigation,Vol,24,Oct. 1999
[43]. Fujii,Y. and tabaka K.: "Traffic capacity" Journal of Navigation
[2]．刘明俊等 对船舶(队)通过黄石大桥引航技术(理论)的再研究，船舶安全管理与驾驶论文集
[3]．船舶狭水道航行与防碰论文集，1998
[4]．桥区引航论文集，1994
[5]．长江下游分道航行图，交通部长江港航监督局，1995
[6]．长江下游分道航行指南，交通部长江港航监督局，1995．8
[7]．齐传新、刘明俊 内河引航，1996
[8]．王凯森等 长江下游引航指南(中册)，1990
[9]．齐传新 内河船舶运输安全学，1991
[10]．严士健 概率论与数理统计基础，1984
[11]．向长清等 川江引航技术，1997
[12]．刘明俊、齐传新 船舶曲线运动特征及其相关要素探讨，1996
[13]．刘明俊、齐传新 弯曲河段挂高取矮航法理论分析初探，1994
[14]．邱振良 船舶操纵，1989
[15]．活学VB5．0
[16]．水运技术词典编纂委员会 水运技术词典，船舶驾驶分册 北京：人民交通出版社，1981．P
[17]．施周 模拟的现代化 航海科技动态，1997(10)．P1～P2
[18]．张尧船商综合导航模拟器技术简介 上海：英国船商有限公司上海代表工处，1999
[19]．齐传新 内河雷达引航实操训练与模拟训练 武汉河运专科学校学报，1992(6)．Vol．11．P1～4
[20]．范尚雍 船舶操纵性 第一版 北京：国防工业出版社，1988
[21]．杨为民等 可靠性、维修性、保障性总论，1995
[22]．甄德福 罗世平 杨秋平 船舶操纵与避碰 人民交通出版社，1998
[23]．张素琴 C++程序设计 清华大学出版社，1995
[24]．张晓兔等 三峡通航船队的操纵计算与仿真，武汉交通科技大学学报，2000(2)
[25]．萧哲 我国交通运输的现状和发展，武汉交通科技大学学报，1999(5)
[26]．交通船只与桥梁结构的相互影响，国际桥梁和结构工程协会(IABSE)，1991年9月
[27]．长江干线船舶交通事故统计分析报告汇编，交通部长江港航监督局，1986．7
[28]．[美].N.纽曼 船舶流体动力学，1986
[29]．[苏].B.H安菲莫夫等 船舶牵引计算，1985
[30]．今津衡突危险评价(日)航海，1984(80)
[31]．叶敬崇等 流体力学，复旦大学出版社，1989．5 上海
[32]．谷超豪等编 数学物理方程，上海科学技术出版社，上海，1978．5
[33]. Davis PV Validation of Radar simulator Result The Journal of Navigation, 1981(34)
[34]. STCW95.International Maritime Organization. London: 1996
[35]. V.I.ZALKOV. MMS5.0 USER MANUAL 1993
[36]. Masanori Ito. Direction and Course Keeping Control of Ship Navigating in Transverse Flow. 武汉：中日航海交流会, 1998
[37]. Takashina. A Practical Calculation Method of ship Maneuvering Motion Int. Shipbuilding Progress, 1981 Voi 28.P300
[38]．[苏]巴甫连柯 内河船舶和船队的操纵性．武汉：交通部长长江航务管理局，1982．P70～99
[39]. Robert Sutton, Stephen D.H. Taylor and Geoffrey N. Roberts Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques Applied to a Ship Autopilot Design The Journal of Navigation. vol(49)
[40]．[美]威廉E 博伊斯 建立数学模型实例研究，1992
[41]. Fujii,y.: "Integrated Study on Marine Traffic Accidents," IABSE Colloquium on Ship Collission with Bridges and Offshore Structures,Copenhagen.2000
[42]. Fujii,Y.: "Effective Areas of Ship", Journal of Navigation,Vol,24,Oct. 1999
[43]. Fujii,Y. and tabaka K.: "Traffic capacity" Journal of Navigation