AIS在VTS中的应用研究
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摘要
传统的雷达曾是海上船舶交通服务系统(VTS)的一个里程碑。随着世界船舶数量的增加以及船舶向大型化和高速化方向发展,世界重要水道显得越来越拥挤,海上交通事故频繁发生,给航行安全和海洋环境造成了巨大的威胁。为了加强海上交通管制、海洋污染监视和保证船舶航行安全,船舶间以及船岸间的信息交换与日俱增,船舶的识别也备受重视。但由于传统雷达工作原理上的局限性,决定了它所能提供的只能是非常小量的甚至经常是不准确的信息,传统的雷达已难以适应当代航海的需求。于是,船舶自动识别系统(AIS)便依托当今的通信技术和计算机技术应运而生,并且自1992年开始正式国际研讨至今,在短短的10余年里,得到了飞速的发展。。
AIS的发展给VTS的发展以至变革带来了深远的影响。本论文就在对AIS及VTS的国内外发展动态进行了广泛而深入的调研的基础上,依据IMO、IEC及ITU等国际组织所建立的AIS相关的国际标准,从AIS及VTS的技术原理出发,探讨了AIS在VTS中的应用,重点就AIS应用于VTS的吞吐性能、监测容量及监测半径进行了深入的研究。
The traditional RADAR was once a milestone in the maritime monitoring system. Along with the increase of world shipping and with shipping developed toward large-scale and high speed, the important water course of the world seems more and more crowded and the maritime traffic accident frequently takes place. These have caused the enormous threat for security and marine environment. For strengthening maritime traffic controls, marine pollution monitor and for guaranteeing the security of shipping, the information exchange among the ships and shores is growing with each passing day, and the identification of ships is then getting much more important. But due to the limitations on traditional radar's operation principle, so that it is determined that the information it can offer be only of very small quantity and even be wrong. Obviously, the traditional radar has already been difficult to meet the demand for contemporary navigation.Then, AIS arises at the historic moment relying on the current communication technology and technology of computer. And since 1992, the formal international discussion on AIS discusses, so far during the short more than 10 years, AIS has gotten the development at full speed. And AIS's development must bring far-reachinginfluence even changes to the development of VTS.Firstly in this paper, the development course of AIS and VTS with their basic operation principles are introduced briefly, and also the communication principle of STDMA is analyzed. Then, based on these principles, regarding AIS related international standards set up by IMO, IEC and ITU as basis, the application of AIS to VTS with the performance were profoundly studied. And the main research contents can be concluded as follows:1) the throughput of AIS used in VTS;2) AIS's monitoring capacity and radius as used in VTS.
AIS的发展给VTS的发展以至变革带来了深远的影响。本论文就在对AIS及VTS的国内外发展动态进行了广泛而深入的调研的基础上,依据IMO、IEC及ITU等国际组织所建立的AIS相关的国际标准,从AIS及VTS的技术原理出发,探讨了AIS在VTS中的应用,重点就AIS应用于VTS的吞吐性能、监测容量及监测半径进行了深入的研究。
The traditional RADAR was once a milestone in the maritime monitoring system. Along with the increase of world shipping and with shipping developed toward large-scale and high speed, the important water course of the world seems more and more crowded and the maritime traffic accident frequently takes place. These have caused the enormous threat for security and marine environment. For strengthening maritime traffic controls, marine pollution monitor and for guaranteeing the security of shipping, the information exchange among the ships and shores is growing with each passing day, and the identification of ships is then getting much more important. But due to the limitations on traditional radar's operation principle, so that it is determined that the information it can offer be only of very small quantity and even be wrong. Obviously, the traditional radar has already been difficult to meet the demand for contemporary navigation.Then, AIS arises at the historic moment relying on the current communication technology and technology of computer. And since 1992, the formal international discussion on AIS discusses, so far during the short more than 10 years, AIS has gotten the development at full speed. And AIS's development must bring far-reachinginfluence even changes to the development of VTS.Firstly in this paper, the development course of AIS and VTS with their basic operation principles are introduced briefly, and also the communication principle of STDMA is analyzed. Then, based on these principles, regarding AIS related international standards set up by IMO, IEC and ITU as basis, the application of AIS to VTS with the performance were profoundly studied. And the main research contents can be concluded as follows:1) the throughput of AIS used in VTS;2) AIS's monitoring capacity and radius as used in VTS.
引文
[1] Andrew S.Tanenbaum著,计算机网络,第3版,2000年,清华大学出版社.
[2] Sami Tabbane著,无线移动通信网络,2001年,电子工业出版社.
[3] Joseph L.Hammond,Peter J.P.O Reilly著,计算机局域网性能分析,1991年,人民邮电出版社.
[4] 单宝印编著,VTS无线电通信系统,1992,大连海运学院出版社.
[5] RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M. 1371*TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR A UNIVERSAL SHIPBORNE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM USING TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS IN THE VHF MARITIME MOBILE BAND (Question ITU-r 28/8), 1998.
[6] IALA TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS ON RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M. 1371-1 (EDITION 1.3), 2002.
[7] GUIDELINES ON AIS AS A VTS TOOL, 2001.
[8] IALA GUIDELINES ON THE UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(MS) VOLUME 1, PART I-OPERATIONAL ISSUES EDITION 1. 1, 2002.
[9] INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION & RELATED GUIDELINES(ADOPTED BY MSC 73), 2002, IMO.
[10] 张军、张其善、邓秋林,NEW DYNAMIC SLOT ASSIGNMENT SCHEME OF SELF-ORGANIZED TDMA VHF DATA LINK,航空学报,2000(3),Vol13.
[11] SUB-COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF NAVIGATION 46th session Agenda item 10. 2, NAV46/10, 20 March 2000.
[12] Rikard Kjellberg, CAPACITY AND THROUGHPUT USING A SELF ORGANIZED TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS VHF DATA LINK IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, The Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, 1998.
[13] AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) A REPORT BASED ON PRESENTATIONS TO POTENTIAL USERS Organisedby The Royal Institute of Navigation, 2000.
[14] 杨秉曦,船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定,交通标准化,2002(1).
[15] 孙文力,海上自组织VHF无线数据链路技术,全国飞机与船舶通信导航学术研讨会论文集(2000年10月,昆明)下,导航编辑部.
[16] 王世远、许开宇,AIS及其应用前景预测,全国飞机与船舶通信导航学术研讨会论文集(2000年10月,昆明)下,导航编辑部.
[17] 刘人杰、刘畅、黄习刚,船舶自动识别系统的信息传输,中国航海,2002(3).
[18] 陈平、毛奇林、吴宝昌,船舶自动识别系统及其关键技术探讨,中国航海,2002(3).
[19] 王飞舟、张英俊、范成梁,自组织时分多址接续系统的吞吐模型,大连海事大学学报,2002(2),Vol28.
[20] 林长川、东昉,基于多因素模糊综合决策的AIS与雷达航迹关联算法与仿真,大连海事大学学报,2003(1),Vol.29.
[21] 张京娟、陈实如、郝燕玲,船舶自动识别系统的研究,中国航海,2002(4).
[22] 刘桂云,SOTDMA在船载AIS中的应用,中国航海,2003(1).
[23] 田乃硕、金顺福,时分多路(TDMA)协议的性能分析,燕山大学学报,2002(1),Vol26.
[24] 张军、李宏、李忠孝、张其善,一种新的自组织时分多址甚高频数据链隐藏终端分析方法,电子学报,2001(12).
[25] 徐志京、许开宇、浦皆伟,AIS中四种应用的协议探讨,航海技术,2003.
[26] 王世远主编,航海雷达与ARPA,1998年,大连海事大学出版社.
[27] 王小金,船载AIS和导航雷达在使用中应优势互补,航海技术,2002(6).
[28] 吴华锋、孙文力,MORE ATTENTION OF AIS DRAWN ON SHIP'S OFFICERS,大连海事大学学报,2002,Vol.28,Suppl.
[29] 吴华锋、孙文力,恐怖主义活动给AIS带来的隐患,大连海事大学、台湾海洋大学,第二届海峡两岸航运科技学术研讨会,大连,2003,大连海事大学出版社.
[30] 牛健春,AIS在VTS船舶交通管理信息系统中的作用,航海技术,2003(1).
[31] 杨梅、刘人杰、柳晓鸣,基于船载自动识别系统的海事信息网建设方案,大连海事大学学报,2003(3),Vol29.
[32] Theodore S. Rappaport, WIRELESS Communications, PUBLISHING HOUSE of ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY.
[33] 王伟时,AIS岸基网络方案的设想,航海技术,2003(2).
[34] 方祥麟,VTS当前发展未来展望与AIS技术的应用,中国航海,2002(1).
[35] 刘畅,船舶自动识别系统及其在VTS中应用的关键技术研究,大连海事大学,2002.
[36] 喻莉,现代通信网络性能分析建模与仿真研究,华中理工大学,1999.
[37] 迟卫、石爱国、张永胜、侯建军、蔡烽、万林,军船自动识别系统研究,舰船科学技术,2003(5),Vol25.
[38] 孙文力,基于STDMA技术的船载自动识别系统(AIS)的基础研究,2002年,大连海事大学出版社.
[39] 李瑞洋等,AIS的现状及其关键技术的分析,第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文集(下),导航编辑部,2001年9月.
[40] 刘畅等,通用船载自动识别系统(AIS)的研究,第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文 集(下),导航编辑部,2001年9月.
[41] David J.Kruglinski、Scot Wingo、George Shepherd著,Visual C++技术内幕6.0,第5版,2001年,北京希望电子出版社.
[2] Sami Tabbane著,无线移动通信网络,2001年,电子工业出版社.
[3] Joseph L.Hammond,Peter J.P.O Reilly著,计算机局域网性能分析,1991年,人民邮电出版社.
[4] 单宝印编著,VTS无线电通信系统,1992,大连海运学院出版社.
[5] RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M. 1371*TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR A UNIVERSAL SHIPBORNE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM USING TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS IN THE VHF MARITIME MOBILE BAND (Question ITU-r 28/8), 1998.
[6] IALA TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS ON RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M. 1371-1 (EDITION 1.3), 2002.
[7] GUIDELINES ON AIS AS A VTS TOOL, 2001.
[8] IALA GUIDELINES ON THE UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM(MS) VOLUME 1, PART I-OPERATIONAL ISSUES EDITION 1. 1, 2002.
[9] INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION & RELATED GUIDELINES(ADOPTED BY MSC 73), 2002, IMO.
[10] 张军、张其善、邓秋林,NEW DYNAMIC SLOT ASSIGNMENT SCHEME OF SELF-ORGANIZED TDMA VHF DATA LINK,航空学报,2000(3),Vol13.
[11] SUB-COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF NAVIGATION 46th session Agenda item 10. 2, NAV46/10, 20 March 2000.
[12] Rikard Kjellberg, CAPACITY AND THROUGHPUT USING A SELF ORGANIZED TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS VHF DATA LINK IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, The Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden, 1998.
[13] AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) A REPORT BASED ON PRESENTATIONS TO POTENTIAL USERS Organisedby The Royal Institute of Navigation, 2000.
[14] 杨秉曦,船舶自动识别系统国际标准及其制定,交通标准化,2002(1).
[15] 孙文力,海上自组织VHF无线数据链路技术,全国飞机与船舶通信导航学术研讨会论文集(2000年10月,昆明)下,导航编辑部.
[16] 王世远、许开宇,AIS及其应用前景预测,全国飞机与船舶通信导航学术研讨会论文集(2000年10月,昆明)下,导航编辑部.
[17] 刘人杰、刘畅、黄习刚,船舶自动识别系统的信息传输,中国航海,2002(3).
[18] 陈平、毛奇林、吴宝昌,船舶自动识别系统及其关键技术探讨,中国航海,2002(3).
[19] 王飞舟、张英俊、范成梁,自组织时分多址接续系统的吞吐模型,大连海事大学学报,2002(2),Vol28.
[20] 林长川、东昉,基于多因素模糊综合决策的AIS与雷达航迹关联算法与仿真,大连海事大学学报,2003(1),Vol.29.
[21] 张京娟、陈实如、郝燕玲,船舶自动识别系统的研究,中国航海,2002(4).
[22] 刘桂云,SOTDMA在船载AIS中的应用,中国航海,2003(1).
[23] 田乃硕、金顺福,时分多路(TDMA)协议的性能分析,燕山大学学报,2002(1),Vol26.
[24] 张军、李宏、李忠孝、张其善,一种新的自组织时分多址甚高频数据链隐藏终端分析方法,电子学报,2001(12).
[25] 徐志京、许开宇、浦皆伟,AIS中四种应用的协议探讨,航海技术,2003.
[26] 王世远主编,航海雷达与ARPA,1998年,大连海事大学出版社.
[27] 王小金,船载AIS和导航雷达在使用中应优势互补,航海技术,2002(6).
[28] 吴华锋、孙文力,MORE ATTENTION OF AIS DRAWN ON SHIP'S OFFICERS,大连海事大学学报,2002,Vol.28,Suppl.
[29] 吴华锋、孙文力,恐怖主义活动给AIS带来的隐患,大连海事大学、台湾海洋大学,第二届海峡两岸航运科技学术研讨会,大连,2003,大连海事大学出版社.
[30] 牛健春,AIS在VTS船舶交通管理信息系统中的作用,航海技术,2003(1).
[31] 杨梅、刘人杰、柳晓鸣,基于船载自动识别系统的海事信息网建设方案,大连海事大学学报,2003(3),Vol29.
[32] Theodore S. Rappaport, WIRELESS Communications, PUBLISHING HOUSE of ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY.
[33] 王伟时,AIS岸基网络方案的设想,航海技术,2003(2).
[34] 方祥麟,VTS当前发展未来展望与AIS技术的应用,中国航海,2002(1).
[35] 刘畅,船舶自动识别系统及其在VTS中应用的关键技术研究,大连海事大学,2002.
[36] 喻莉,现代通信网络性能分析建模与仿真研究,华中理工大学,1999.
[37] 迟卫、石爱国、张永胜、侯建军、蔡烽、万林,军船自动识别系统研究,舰船科学技术,2003(5),Vol25.
[38] 孙文力,基于STDMA技术的船载自动识别系统(AIS)的基础研究,2002年,大连海事大学出版社.
[39] 李瑞洋等,AIS的现状及其关键技术的分析,第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文集(下),导航编辑部,2001年9月.
[40] 刘畅等,通用船载自动识别系统(AIS)的研究,第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文 集(下),导航编辑部,2001年9月.
[41] David J.Kruglinski、Scot Wingo、George Shepherd著,Visual C++技术内幕6.0,第5版,2001年,北京希望电子出版社.