船舶避碰计算机辅助教学与碰撞局面模拟系统的研究开发
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摘要
为了避免船舶碰撞事故的发生，维护海上安全航行和保护海洋环境，国际海事组织制定并通过了一系列的规则、公约。如《1972年国际海上避碰规则》、STCW78／95公约等。同时，为了更好地执行这些规定，贯彻落实规定中的内容，按照教育超前的一般规律，对航海教育也就提出了更高的要求，势必应对当前的航海教育做出一定的改革。在航海类专业课程中，《船舶避碰与值班》是最重要的专业课之一。《船舶避碰与值班》教学的好坏决定了学生对避碰规则的理解与运用，影响船员在船舶操纵与避让中能否采取正确的行动，并最终影响碰撞事故的发生。如何改善教学手段，增强学生对规则的理解与运用能力是当前航海教育界普遍关心的问题。
船舶避碰计算机辅助教学与碰撞局面模拟系统就是针对上述形势而研究开发的一个多媒体课件，旨在运用先进的教学手段，提高教学效果。该软件主要分两个部分：一是船舶避碰教学系统；二是船舶碰撞局面的模拟系统。船舶避碰教学系统主要讲述了《船舶避碰与值班》的教学内容，它充分运用多媒体的优势，采用了大量的声音、图像和动画，使整个课件生动、形象，对提高教学效果起到明显的作用。船舶碰撞局面模拟系统主要是围绕船舶会遇当中几种典型局面而展开。它主要有三个部分内容：一是对各种局面进行定义，并利用动画模拟各种局面中船舶之间的相对位置；二是说明在各种局面情况下船舶的避让行动规则，并通过动画模拟船舶的避让行动；三是运用典型案例来模拟分析船舶避让当中可能或常见的问题。
本论文紧紧围绕该软件进行文字材料的组织，其正文主要由六个部分组成：第一部分为论文的概论部分，介绍了本研究课题的背景知识和开发研究该项目的实际意义；第二部分讲述了软件的开发工具、软件功能和软件整体构架，软件功能和构架又分别从两个方面介绍，即船舶避碰教学系统和船舶碰撞局面模拟系统；第三部分介绍了软件开发设计的流程图和软件各界面特点；第四部分是本文的重点，它详细讲述了教学系统的声音、图像、动画素材及文字脚本的制作思路和方法，重点介绍了软件系统各界面的设计原理及过程；第五部分介绍了船舶会遇的几种局面及其特点，重点介绍了船舶碰撞局面模拟软件的设计思路和方法；第六部分为论文的结束语。在论文最后还附有该软件的操作使用说明，属论文的附录部分。
In order to avoid ship collision accidents, ensure the safety of the navigation and protect the marine environment, IMO has made and issured a series of rules and regulation. Such as the "INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972" and STCW78/95. At the same time, for the implementation of these regulations and according to the universal leading law of education, higher request for navigation education has been put forward, certain reforms should be undertake on the present navigation education. Among the navigation professional courses, "Prevention of Collisions and Watchkeeping of Ship" is one of the most important courses. The teaching quality of this course will determine the students' comprehension and application of the avoiding collisions rules. It also influences whether the crew can adopt the correct action in ship handling and the avoidance of collision. It comes to become the key point receiving all attention from the education circle of navigation for how to improve the teaching means and strengthen students' comprehension and applied ability of regulation.
The system of the computer-assisted instruction and simulation for preventing collision is a multimedia courseware of research and development against above-mentioned situations and it aims at using the advanced teaching means to improve the teaching results. This software is mainly composed of two parts: first is the teaching system of shipping avoiding collision, second is the simulation of the ship collision. The teaching system for avoiding ship collision is mainly involved with the content of the course "Prevention of Collision and Watchkeeping of Ship" with all the advantages of the multimedia means. This system employs a large number of sounds, pictures and cartoons, making the whole courseware vivid and lively, and plays an important role in improving the teaching quality. The simulation system of the situation of ship collision mainly shows several kinds of typical situations. It is divided into three parts. First one defines various kinds of situations, and the relative position between the vessels in these situations. Second one describes the rule for preventing collision in various kinds of situations, and utilizes the cartoon to
imitate the avoiding action; Third one uses the typical case to imitate and analyze the questions that may appear or occur often in the action for preventing collision.
On the basis of this software, the characters of the paper made up of six parts mainly: The first part is an outline part of the thesis, introducing the background knowledge and the actual meaning of the subject. The second part introduces the developing instrument, the system function and the whole framework of the software. The function and framework of the software is introduced from two aspects respectively of, namely ship collision avoiding system and the simulation system of the ship collision situation; The third part provides the flow charts and every interfaces characteristic of the software; The fourth part is the key part of this text, explains the thought and method of sound, picture, cartoon material and the characters script of the instruction system, especially the design principle and course of every interface of the software system; The fifth part presents several kinds of situations and characteristics that shipping will be probably met and introduces the way of design and method about the software of ship collision situation simulation; The sixth part is a conclusion of the thesis. There is operation manual this software at the end of the thesis, belonging to the appendix part of the thesis.
船舶避碰计算机辅助教学与碰撞局面模拟系统就是针对上述形势而研究开发的一个多媒体课件，旨在运用先进的教学手段，提高教学效果。该软件主要分两个部分：一是船舶避碰教学系统；二是船舶碰撞局面的模拟系统。船舶避碰教学系统主要讲述了《船舶避碰与值班》的教学内容，它充分运用多媒体的优势，采用了大量的声音、图像和动画，使整个课件生动、形象，对提高教学效果起到明显的作用。船舶碰撞局面模拟系统主要是围绕船舶会遇当中几种典型局面而展开。它主要有三个部分内容：一是对各种局面进行定义，并利用动画模拟各种局面中船舶之间的相对位置；二是说明在各种局面情况下船舶的避让行动规则，并通过动画模拟船舶的避让行动；三是运用典型案例来模拟分析船舶避让当中可能或常见的问题。
本论文紧紧围绕该软件进行文字材料的组织，其正文主要由六个部分组成：第一部分为论文的概论部分，介绍了本研究课题的背景知识和开发研究该项目的实际意义；第二部分讲述了软件的开发工具、软件功能和软件整体构架，软件功能和构架又分别从两个方面介绍，即船舶避碰教学系统和船舶碰撞局面模拟系统；第三部分介绍了软件开发设计的流程图和软件各界面特点；第四部分是本文的重点，它详细讲述了教学系统的声音、图像、动画素材及文字脚本的制作思路和方法，重点介绍了软件系统各界面的设计原理及过程；第五部分介绍了船舶会遇的几种局面及其特点，重点介绍了船舶碰撞局面模拟软件的设计思路和方法；第六部分为论文的结束语。在论文最后还附有该软件的操作使用说明，属论文的附录部分。
In order to avoid ship collision accidents, ensure the safety of the navigation and protect the marine environment, IMO has made and issured a series of rules and regulation. Such as the "INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972" and STCW78/95. At the same time, for the implementation of these regulations and according to the universal leading law of education, higher request for navigation education has been put forward, certain reforms should be undertake on the present navigation education. Among the navigation professional courses, "Prevention of Collisions and Watchkeeping of Ship" is one of the most important courses. The teaching quality of this course will determine the students' comprehension and application of the avoiding collisions rules. It also influences whether the crew can adopt the correct action in ship handling and the avoidance of collision. It comes to become the key point receiving all attention from the education circle of navigation for how to improve the teaching means and strengthen students' comprehension and applied ability of regulation.
The system of the computer-assisted instruction and simulation for preventing collision is a multimedia courseware of research and development against above-mentioned situations and it aims at using the advanced teaching means to improve the teaching results. This software is mainly composed of two parts: first is the teaching system of shipping avoiding collision, second is the simulation of the ship collision. The teaching system for avoiding ship collision is mainly involved with the content of the course "Prevention of Collision and Watchkeeping of Ship" with all the advantages of the multimedia means. This system employs a large number of sounds, pictures and cartoons, making the whole courseware vivid and lively, and plays an important role in improving the teaching quality. The simulation system of the situation of ship collision mainly shows several kinds of typical situations. It is divided into three parts. First one defines various kinds of situations, and the relative position between the vessels in these situations. Second one describes the rule for preventing collision in various kinds of situations, and utilizes the cartoon to
imitate the avoiding action; Third one uses the typical case to imitate and analyze the questions that may appear or occur often in the action for preventing collision.
On the basis of this software, the characters of the paper made up of six parts mainly: The first part is an outline part of the thesis, introducing the background knowledge and the actual meaning of the subject. The second part introduces the developing instrument, the system function and the whole framework of the software. The function and framework of the software is introduced from two aspects respectively of, namely ship collision avoiding system and the simulation system of the ship collision situation; The third part provides the flow charts and every interfaces characteristic of the software; The fourth part is the key part of this text, explains the thought and method of sound, picture, cartoon material and the characters script of the instruction system, especially the design principle and course of every interface of the software system; The fifth part presents several kinds of situations and characteristics that shipping will be probably met and introduces the way of design and method about the software of ship collision situation simulation; The sixth part is a conclusion of the thesis. There is operation manual this software at the end of the thesis, belonging to the appendix part of the thesis.
引文
1 方泉根．船舶避碰．人民交通出版社
2 古文贤．船舶运输安全学．大连海运学院出版社
3 晶玉创作组．多媒体课件制作与实例．机械工业出版社
4 毛一丁，李乃培．多媒体编程实战．人民邮电出版社
5 史国友，贾传荧．航海模拟器中DCPA TCPA的算法．大连海事大学学报，1999(3)
6 郑中义，吴兆麟．转向避让的最后机会模型及其应用．大连海事大学学报，2001(2)
7 吴兆麟，郑中义．时间碰撞危险度及模型．大连海事大学学报，2001(2)
8 郑中义，吴兆麟．船舶最佳转向避让幅度决策模型．大连海事大学学报，2000(4)
9 赵劲松，王逢辰，[日]今津马．船舶避碰原理．大连海事大学出版社
10 乐美龙，陆惠生。船舶操纵模拟器模拟仿真数学模型。中国航海，1999(1)：75-84
11 郑中义，吴兆麟．船舶接近对遇局面避碰决策的研究．大连海事大学学报，1999(4)：21-25
12 殷建庆．海上船舶避碰探讨．水运技术．2000(1)
13 郭丰田，孟祥武．船舶避碰计算机原理辅助教学软件的开发制作．航海教育研究．1999(3)
14 刘宇宏，陈洪波，郝燕玲．一种基于模糊原理的碰撞危险度模型．中国航海．1998(2)
15 Safety of Navigation——BIMCO. BULLETIN 1999(5)
16 蔡存强．海上避碰规则导论．人民交通出版社
17 赵劲松等译．船舶与避碰规则．大连海事出版社
18 司玉琢，吴兆麟．船舶避碰法．大连海运学院出版社
19 汤海南．关于“不应妨碍”条款的理解及应用．航海技术．2000(5)
20 郑中义，吴兆麟．多船会遇避碰决策模型．航海技术．2000(5)
21 马党川．履约教育与培训——航海专业技术技能转向的新起点．航海教育研究．1997(4)
22 方泉根，陈景琨．我国航海模拟器教学培训研究的现状和展望．航海教育研
究．1997(4)
23 于双和，朱子胜，蔡惟铮．从ECAI课题看大型多媒体课题开发的设计原则与共性问题．航海教育研究．1998(1)
24 汪诚强．中国与西欧航海职业教育的对比研究——兼论我国航海职业教育改革．航海教育研究．1998(2)
25 吴恒，温宇钦，高强等．船舶柴油机CAI课件的研究．航海教育研究．1998(3)
26 付先平，刘甘娜．航海类课程多媒体的创意、设计、制作方法及功能评价．航海教育研究．1998(2)
27 陈伟．现代教学方法和手段在航海教育与培训中的应用．航海教育研究．1999(2)
28 陈伟，陶德馨．航海类专业多媒体课件的研制与应用研究．航海教育研究．1999(3)
29 许乐平，张春宋，刘福生．海上安全认为因素研究概述．大连海事大学学报．2000(1)
30 钱辰，付磊．Flash 5技术精粹．机械工业出版社
31 甘登岱，马文斌，郭玲文．3ds max4动画制作全接触．人民邮电出版社
32 张芳，王刚．Authorware 5多媒体设计与实例．电子工业出版社
33 张力．深入用Authorware制作多媒体课件．高等教育出版社
2 古文贤．船舶运输安全学．大连海运学院出版社
3 晶玉创作组．多媒体课件制作与实例．机械工业出版社
4 毛一丁，李乃培．多媒体编程实战．人民邮电出版社
5 史国友，贾传荧．航海模拟器中DCPA TCPA的算法．大连海事大学学报，1999(3)
6 郑中义，吴兆麟．转向避让的最后机会模型及其应用．大连海事大学学报，2001(2)
7 吴兆麟，郑中义．时间碰撞危险度及模型．大连海事大学学报，2001(2)
8 郑中义，吴兆麟．船舶最佳转向避让幅度决策模型．大连海事大学学报，2000(4)
9 赵劲松，王逢辰，[日]今津马．船舶避碰原理．大连海事大学出版社
10 乐美龙，陆惠生。船舶操纵模拟器模拟仿真数学模型。中国航海，1999(1)：75-84
11 郑中义，吴兆麟．船舶接近对遇局面避碰决策的研究．大连海事大学学报，1999(4)：21-25
12 殷建庆．海上船舶避碰探讨．水运技术．2000(1)
13 郭丰田，孟祥武．船舶避碰计算机原理辅助教学软件的开发制作．航海教育研究．1999(3)
14 刘宇宏，陈洪波，郝燕玲．一种基于模糊原理的碰撞危险度模型．中国航海．1998(2)
15 Safety of Navigation——BIMCO. BULLETIN 1999(5)
16 蔡存强．海上避碰规则导论．人民交通出版社
17 赵劲松等译．船舶与避碰规则．大连海事出版社
18 司玉琢，吴兆麟．船舶避碰法．大连海运学院出版社
19 汤海南．关于“不应妨碍”条款的理解及应用．航海技术．2000(5)
20 郑中义，吴兆麟．多船会遇避碰决策模型．航海技术．2000(5)
21 马党川．履约教育与培训——航海专业技术技能转向的新起点．航海教育研究．1997(4)
22 方泉根，陈景琨．我国航海模拟器教学培训研究的现状和展望．航海教育研
究．1997(4)
23 于双和，朱子胜，蔡惟铮．从ECAI课题看大型多媒体课题开发的设计原则与共性问题．航海教育研究．1998(1)
24 汪诚强．中国与西欧航海职业教育的对比研究——兼论我国航海职业教育改革．航海教育研究．1998(2)
25 吴恒，温宇钦，高强等．船舶柴油机CAI课件的研究．航海教育研究．1998(3)
26 付先平，刘甘娜．航海类课程多媒体的创意、设计、制作方法及功能评价．航海教育研究．1998(2)
27 陈伟．现代教学方法和手段在航海教育与培训中的应用．航海教育研究．1999(2)
28 陈伟，陶德馨．航海类专业多媒体课件的研制与应用研究．航海教育研究．1999(3)
29 许乐平，张春宋，刘福生．海上安全认为因素研究概述．大连海事大学学报．2000(1)
30 钱辰，付磊．Flash 5技术精粹．机械工业出版社
31 甘登岱，马文斌，郭玲文．3ds max4动画制作全接触．人民邮电出版社
32 张芳，王刚．Authorware 5多媒体设计与实例．电子工业出版社
33 张力．深入用Authorware制作多媒体课件．高等教育出版社